The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and similar stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called

Answer:

a)  The act forced federal employees to pass competitive exams.                                                

Explanation:

The Pendleton Civil Service Act is an act of the federal government which was passed by 47th Congress of the United States. According to this act in order to serve in the government as a government official or in a civil service, people have to give competitive examinations to be appointed as a government employee rather than having ties with some politicians.

Also these employees cannot be terminated or demoted from their post due to some political reasons.

Hence the correct option is (a).

The Pendleton Civil Service Act required federal jobs to be awarded based on merit, overseen by the Civil Service Commission, thereby weakening the spoils system.

The Pendleton Civil Service Act weakened the spoils system after President Garfield died by putting an end to the practice of rewarding government jobs based on political affiliation. Instead, the act required that federal jobs be awarded based on merit, which often involved passing competitive exams. Specifically, the correct answer to how the act weakened the spoils system is a) The act forced federal employees to pass competitive exams. By doing so, it established a merit system, overseen by the Civil Service Commission, where people were hired and promoted based on their qualifications and skill rather than party loyalty or political connections. The adoption of this system helped eliminate the corruption and inefficiency fostered by the spoils system and moved towards a more professional and impartial federal workforce.

Answer:

Hypothetico-deductive reasoning

Explanation:

Hypothetico-deductive reasoning is a method in which the scientist or researchers generates a hypothesis about a problem in the world and tries to answer the question through systematic scientific methods, rather than trial and error.

Answer:

A) Government by and for property holding

Explanation:

One of the most important ideas left by the Eighteenth Century Revolutions was the importance to maintain the property holding. The ideology emanating from the French revolution marked the right to the property about the individualistic conception of property and minimal state intervention in social organization. According to the liberal ideology brought about by the revolution, was the extinction of the feudal regime and the burden on land, reinforcing the individualistic conception of property. At this historical moment, the property began to play a role centered in the social and political context of the modern era, reinforcing the individualistic and liberal character proposed by the French Revolution.

Answer:

The proportion of the population identifying as Christian has declined to about 50% since 1990.

Explanation:

The religious landscape of the United States continues to change rapidly down from 47% in the early 2000s and 50% in the early 1990s.

The proportion of the population in the U.S. identifying as Christian has been on a decline since 1990. It's around 65%, not 76% or 90%. Besides, religion, particularly Christianity, still plays an important role in many U.S. residents' lives.

Religion in the United States has always been diverse and complex, with a significant portion identifying as Christians but this proportion has been on a decline over the years. While there was a time when about 90% of the population in the U.S. identified as Christians, recent surveys and data suggest this statistic has decreased. In the United States today, the proportion of the population identifying as Christian has been declining since 1990, now standing at closer to 65% rather than 76% or 90%. This decline is concurrent with a rise in secularism and fundamentalism in the country. However, religion still holds significant importance in many U.S. citizen's lives, as seen in a 2009 Gallup survey, which reported that religion was an important part of their daily lives for 65% of U.S. adults. The diversity in the American religious landscape is reflective of the country's principles of freedom of belief and expression.

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Answer:

Sociologists try to keep the definition open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close to each other.

Explanation:

Sociologist define family as individuals who are emotionally bonded, related by blood, legal ties or sexual mating.

Option 1 is wrong because people who walk by each other on the street are not classified as family.

Secondly, people who live in the same house may not necessarily br family, they could be room mates.

Sociologists keep the definition of family broad to include all emotionally close relationships, not just traditional or legally recognized ones, reflecting the diverse and changing nature of family structures.

When studying sociology, it is important to remember that sociologists aim to keep the definition of family open to encompass all types of people who are emotionally close and not just those who live together or are related by blood, marriage, or adoption. This perspective aligns with the interactionist view that if individuals consider themselves a family, then they are one, challenging more structured and legal definitions like that of the U.S. Census Bureau. The definition of family varies across cultures and over time, reflecting social norms, kinship, and socioemotional ties. Sociologists distinguish between a family of orientation and a family of procreation, highlighting the different ways individuals enter into family relationships, which holds cultural significance especially in terms of lineage.

Answer: Egocentrism

Explanation:

Adolescent egocentrism is defined as the process in which adolescent is not able to distinguish between perspective of  their own-self and others.They tend to relate their assumed perspective with every situation.Inability in differentiating between subjective reality and objective reality is present in ego-centered people.

According to the question,Allison is involved in adolescent egocentrism. She is not able to differentiate between what people think about her hair actually and what she thinks about her hair style.She is considering her own perspective for relating with her hair style without acknowledging other people's opinion

Adolescent imaginary audience is the term that describes the behavior of spending hours fixing one's hair because they believe everyone will notice. It refers to the belief that others are constantly watching and paying attention to one's appearance, ideas, and behavior.

The behavior described - spending hours fixing her hair because she believes everyone will notice - is an example of adolescent imaginary audience. This refers to the belief that others are constantly watching and paying attention to one's appearance, ideas, and behavior.

Imaginary audience is a common phenomenon among teenagers due to their egocentricity and heightened self-consciousness during adolescence.

Answer:

A. Life without parole.

Explanation:

Texas is one of the 31 states who offer life without parole as an option for some offenders. It basically means that they have to stay in prison for the rest of their life, without a chance to get on a parole.This resulted in less sentences to the death penalty, by lethal injection. This is most commonly used for hard cases of murder, or sexual abuses. Some justify this decision with the argument that the offender has no potential for rehabilitation and to successfully once again become a functioning part of a society.

Answer:

Sign an admission of guilt.

Explanation:

Everytime Drivers got into trouble with the peace officer, the peace officer will specifically told the drivers that they have the right to remaint silent and will be given the right for one phone call (which is most likely be used to call their lawyer).

The purpose of this is to make sure that the drivers do not say anything incriminating during the process and they could have the best defense that they can have for the court of law.

Answer:

C. when using ad-hoc teams for inspect and adapt

Explanation:

The purpose of a scrum master in a social situation is to somehow make all the participants solve a problem by their own capabilities. So , it is important for Scrum master to participates as little as possible.

But, there is an exception.

Sometimes, Scrum master will participate During inspection and adaptation process. When given independence to solve problems by their own, the chance of making a mistake is pretty high. This is why Scrum master will participate during inspection and adaptation process, to ensure that the end result will always right.

Scrum masters may participate without facilitating during team breakout sessions at PI planning and when using ad-hoc teams for inspect and adapt sessions.

A scrum master is typically responsible for facilitating the Scrum framework and helping the team to follow Scrum practices. However, there are instances in which a scrum master participates without necessarily facilitating. One such instance is during team breakout sessions at PI planning.

In PI planning, the team breaks out into smaller groups to discuss and plan their work for the upcoming Program Increment (PI). During these breakout sessions, the scrum master may participate as a team member and contribute to the discussions, rather than taking on a facilitation role.

Another instance is when using ad-hoc teams for inspect and adapt sessions. Inspect and adapt is a regular meeting where the team reflects on their performance and identifies areas for improvement. In this case, the scrum master may participate as a team member and actively engage in the conversation without facilitating the session.

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Answer:

Allow the vechile to pass you by

Explanation:

Your rear view mirror is important, it is an important feature of your car and it is a driving tool, it helps to identify and keep track of cars behind you and if a vehicle particular headlight is causing and obstruction for you and in your driving, it is better, you let such vehicle to pass you by than managing the scenario that can lead to a possible accident.

So therefore the best to let such car pass you by or you give way for the car to forge ahead for you to be free from such obstruction.

Answer:

Accommodation                                                                

Explanation:

Accommodation: In psychology, the term accommodation was given by the psychologist named Jean Piaget in his theory of cognitive development.

According to Jean Piaget, accommodation is defined as the process that involves the changes that occurs in an individual's mind while adjusting new experiences or information to the pre-existing schemas. Hence, the person changes the formerly existing schema rather than making new schema to fit into existing schema to accommodate with the new experience or information.

In the question above, the statement signifies Piaget's concept of accommodation.

the correct answer is option A. Accomodation.Little Mikey's new understanding that a skunk is different from a kitty is best explained by Piaget's concept of accommodation, where he adjusts his mental schema to recognize the difference between the two animals.

Little Mikey's experience of realizing that a skunk is different from a kitty aligns with Piaget’s concept of accommodation.

Complete question-

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Little Mikey is only three years old, and he has a black and white kitty at home that he calls "Kitty." While on his first camping trip with mommy and daddy, little Mikey sees a skunk for the first time. He smiles, reaches out, and says, "Kitty, kitty, kitty." But then the skunk sprays him. And little Mikey runs to mommy. Mommy explains that that was not at nice kitty but a bad skunk. Little Mikey -- stinky but wiser -- now knows the difference between a kitty and a skunk. This new understanding -- that a skunk is different than a kitty -- can be BEST understood in terms of Piaget’s concept of:___________.

A.accommodation

b.organization

c. assimilation

d.an operation

Answer: visual accommodation.

Explanation:

As rays of light (near) comes into the eyes, the lens changes it shape in other to focus these rays on the retina. Accommodation involves constriction of the pupils, convergence and changing the refractory power of the lens.

Objects more than 6 metres away from the eyes are focused on the retina without adjustment of the lens or convergence of the eyes

Answer:

Explanation:

words associated with dogs will be activated first before words associated with puppies. Based on the network of association, information in dogs will be activated first before words associated with puppies,

Final answer:

Upon hearing about a friend's new puppy, your brain activates a schema for dogs, which is an organized pattern of thought based on past experiences and knowledge. Retrieval practice facilitates the process of memory recall, playing a crucial role in learning and cognition. The initial concept of dogs can also be influenced by individual experiences, shaping the prototype of a dog in one's mind.

Explanation:

When your friend talks about her new puppy, your long-term memory retrieves information about dogs utilizing a network of associations, a process known as retrieval practice. For instance, 2-year-old Deja has a schema for dogs based on her familiarity with a Poodle, and when encountering novel four-legged, furry creatures such as sheep, she mistakenly extends this schema until corrected by her mother, an example of cognitive development through assimilation and accommodation.

Similarly, your brain uses this mechanism to activate a stored schema for dogs that includes various attributes and experiences related to dogs. This could involve recalling specific characteristics of dogs, such as their behavior, or personal memories with pets you've had or encountered.

Moreover, encountering a topic connected to prior knowledge can lead to several inquiries based on personal experiences or interests, such as researching more about the prevalence of electric cars in your neighborhood, the statistics and challenges of home-schooling, and evaluating potential family vacation spots based on geographical distance. Neuroscience research has highlighted the importance of retrieval practices, indicating they significantly enhance the learning process.

Another example of conceptual understanding in psychology is the identification of prototypes, which are the best examples or representations of a concept shaped by early experiences. If your first pet was a Golden Retriever, this specific breed may serve as your prototype when thinking about the category of dogs.

Answer:Large trucks cannot turn without first swinging wide in the opposite direction.

Explanation: if you overtake or cut into open space between the truck and the curb it is likely that you will crash or hit your car into the long tail of the truck and you may lose your life so waiting is worth saving your life.

The correct answer would be, How technology changes our way of life.

Which enables him to stay at work and avoid being seen negatively by his employer. This is an example of How technology changes our way of life which is the sociological significance of technology.

Explanation:

In today's era, the advancement in technology has made the lives of people far easier. If we take the example of house chores even, they have become so simplified due to the introduction of new equipment like vacuum cleaners, washing machines, microwave ovens, dishwashers, etc.

Similarly in industries, the use of enterprise software has now made easier for companies to manage their clients separately while dealing with their internal productions and the whole supply chain systems.

Similarly, as given in this question, due to the technological advancement, people may have good social relations, like Darryl won't appear careless in front of his employer if he uses his smartphone to close his house door which he forgot to close.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Scholarly study of Latino civic and electoral participation, Latino political attitudes, and the political dimensions of naturalization is a relatively new phenomenon. Although there are a few political studies from as early as the 1920s and 1930s, most of the available scholarship postdates the extension of the Voting Rights Act (VRA) to Hispanic communities in 1975. This early period in Latino political history is nevertheless important for understanding their contemporary political experience. Although largely unrecognized at the time, several formative political experiences laid the foundation for the extension of VRA coverage to Latinos. In many ways, the 1975 extension of the VRA defines the beginning of the era of a national recognition of and expectations for Hispanic politics rather than the politics of Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, or Cuban Americans. Federal legislation alone, however, does not guarantee the existence of a meaningful Latino politics. Instead, I argue that changes in immigration law in the mid-1960s and the dramatic changes in the composition of the Latino population that followed created the foundation for a set of shared interests among Latinos of different origins and ancestries, giving rise to a Latino politics that can be distinguished from the politics of other demographic groups. Both of these phenomena—the shared experiences that underpin national expectations of a singular voice in Latino politics and incentives for Hispanic leaders to organize to link with a seemingly unified voice to express the needs of Mexican Americans, Cuban Americans, Puerto Ricans, and other Latinos—must be understood as the twin foundations of today's Latino politics.

Final answer:

The essay question examines the historical and contemporary stance of Chicano communities and the role of political power and agency in social change. The Chicano Movement paralleled the Black Power movement, advocating for political influence, educational reforms, and land reclamation while using grassroots organizing and local political involvement to achieve their goals.

Explanation:

The question involves analyzing the historical and contemporary conditions of Chicano communities, specifically looking into how these communities have exerted political power and community agency to enact social change. During the height of the civil rights movement, akin to the Black Power movement, the Chicano Movement emerged as a force for Mexican Americans to increase their political power, attain educational recognition of their cultural heritage, and reclaim ancestral lands. Activists like Rodolfo "Corky" Gonzales and Cesar Chavez stood at the forefront, launching initiatives like the Crusade for Justice and the United Farm Workers of America, while demanding reforms in education and labor rights.

These movements highlight that communities did not simply accept their circumstances but harnessed their collective agency to push for substantial changes. This included involvement in local politics, where students and other community members worked to influence local governance layers that were more accessible and sensitive to their demands. The Chicano Movement's assertion of a reclaimed cultural identity and the subsequent influence on education and politics stand as powerful examples of community engagement transforming societal conditions.

Answer:

introspection

Explanation:

Introspection is a deliberate and purposed way we can look inward ourselves to contemplate thoughts and emotions. -Introspection is literally to watch inside.

This self-examination will be accompanied by a structured and deep insight into our inner motivations.

Introspection leads us to meditate and comprehend better the nature of our feelings.

Some recommendations for carrying out a deep meditation:

The use of calm space, where one willingly asks open-ended questions and coming up with no judgement so that mind and heart show more light to our inner life.

The use of taking notes and writing can often improve our reflection.

Answer:

Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is the measure.

Explanation:

The IQ is a way to measure intelligence. An individual's IQ has to be compared to others in order to have value on its own, ir order to be of significance. It is a way of comparing one's general performance to others.

The Wechsler Scales are the most commonly used to determine one's IQ, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS).

Final answer:

The intelligence quotient (IQ) is a score that measures general intelligence by comparing an individual's performance on standardized tests to the normative scores of others in the same age group. These scores allow for the ranking of intellectual abilities and are foundational in educational and psychological assessments.

Explanation:

The blank in the question is filled by the term intelligence quotient or IQ. IQ is a score obtained from a variety of tests designed to measure human intelligence against a normative scale of the population. An individual’s IQ score is derived by comparing their performance on these tests to the scores of others within their age group, allowing psychologists and educators to rank a person's intellectual ability in relation to their peers.

Norm-referenced scores are crucial in understanding IQ as they help in quantifying where an individual stands in terms of intellectual capabilities amongst a comparable group, usually of the same age. The standardization of intelligence tests ensures that every test taker is given the same test under the same conditions, making the scores comparable. This process involves giving the test to a large population to establish what the average scores are at different age levels, which then form the basis for comparing individual test scores.

General intelligence, or g, underpins IQ scores. It signifies the overall cognitive capabilities of a person, encompassing various aspects of intellectual functions. IQ tests are designed to measure this general mental ability and are among the most accurate psychological measurements available, thanks to intense efforts to refine them. The ranking of an individual's intellectual abilities through these scores is an important tool in education and psychology, offering insights into potential academic and occupational pathways.

Answer:

Flow

Explanation:

The flow is a state reached when we focus on an activity that we find pleasurable so much that our sense of time becomes distorted. Being in a flow state leads to higher productivity and a as result, it can be a very helpful in many of life situations.

The flow is also referred sometimes as being in the zone or being hyperfocused.

Answer:

Boy code

Explanation:

The Boy Code is a collection of generally non-verbal rules and boundaries that tend to characterize boyhood and masculinity in America, according to William Pollack, PhD, author of Real Boys.

The Boy Code's four foundational pillars are:

Answer:

True

Explanation:

There are certain rules and standards that are important when carrying out a research and since a group of men are interested in a particular research, it is the same rules guiding the research that these set of people will have to follow.

It is going to be a collective breakthrough and its the same rules and standards for scientific practice that will lead them to it.

So yes it is true that men whose research is based on shared paradigms are committed to same rules and standards for scientific practice.

Answer:

A stop line could best be described as a solid yellow line found in the middle of an intersection is a FALSE statement.

Explanation:

False. A stop line is a white line indicating where vehicles must stop at intersections, not a yellow line. Traffic engineers focus on optimizing yellow time at traffic lights for vehicular and pedestrian safety.

The statement is False. A stop line is typically a thick, white line painted across a traffic lane at intersections and is used to indicate where vehicles should stop when required, usually at a traffic light or a stop sign. It is not a solid yellow line in the middle of the intersection, which instead usually indicates separation of traffic going in opposite directions. Traffic engineers work on various aspects to ensure road safety, one of which includes calculating the proper yellow time at traffic lights. This yellow time is crucial for vehicles approaching an intersection, enabling them to pass through the intersection before the light turns red or to have sufficient time to slow down and stop safely. The objective is to eliminate the 'no-win' zone where a driver has insufficient time to either stop or pass through the intersection safely. Installing a traffic signal can also enhance pedestrian safety by providing specific timings for crossing, which is especially important in areas with high foot traffic, such as near schools or campuses.

Answer:

Elie is forced to lay on a box and is whipped in front of the other prisoners.

Explanation:

At that time, Idek felt extremely humiliated . Elie Laugh when he discovered Idek was sleeping with the young girl, thinking that Idek's behavior is somehow pathetic since Idek has to force around  100 prisoners to move to the warehouse just so he can have the chance to sleep with the Girl.

To retaliate, Elie is forced to lay on a box and is whipped in front of the other prisoners by Idek. He later threatened Elie to shut his mouth and not tell anyone about the incident. Otherwise he will repeat the punishment again with more lashes.

Explanation:ellie got punished caused idek and the young girl was doing the nasty

Answer: The people

Explanation:The people of the country hold the ultimate responsibility for making and carrying out Government policy,the people are the once who vote for the elected leaders,they chose them to function. Most Government policies are directed at the people because they direct the pace of events in a country through elections, all elected officials represent the people and the ultimate power lies on them.

Say "Yes, sir" and use a search engine to find a service that provides a personalization token.

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Answer:

Explain how Manifest Destiny impacted internal migration in the Antebellum Era.

Thousands of Americans in all areas of the country began moving west to the Pacific during the 1800's, searching for new opportunities and better ways of living. New roads have started to form across east and west, and new modes of transportation such as the railroad or steamboat have also made transport quicker. Throughout this time, internal migration was at one of its strongest points, and the U.S added thousands of miles to its territory via war negotiations and triumphs. Citizens wanted to exploit such new territories in the south for planting, mining, and slavery expansion.

Give examples of people and places impacted by the desire for mineral wealth, economic opportunities, and religious refuge on westward migration in the early 19th century.

The California Gold Rush as well as other discoveries in Nevada, Colorado, and the Dakotas attracted thousands of men to the West in pursuit of mineral resources, contributing to a massive migration rush. Irish and European settlers came to the West in search of inexpensive, agricultural land where they might set up homes and work to make a living. The Irish have claimed religious freedom, because of their Roman Catholic religion, they endured a lot of oppression.

Explain the impact of the annexation of Texas and the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (Mexican-American War; Mexican Cession) relationships with Americans, American-Indians, and Mexican-Americans.

When United states obtained Texas territory and the Mexican Cession, sentiments of sectionalism increased, more engagement between Americans and Native Americans for trade reasons, and Mexican and American citizens felt distasteful due to border issues.

What other negotiations in the Antebellum Era led to new territories being added to the United States.

Adam-Onis Treaty, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Gasden Purchase, Santa Ana's surrender

Answer:

Awareness stage

Explanation:

There are three stages in the buyers journey, these are; awareness, consideration and decision.

At this stage, optimizing your website is necessary to meet the needs of the buyers, the content you are putting out should be problem-focused. It is targeted at bringing a solution to the websites visitors needs.

Answer:

structural strains, generalized beliefs, precipitating factors, mobilization for action and failure of social control.

Answer:

In a theory model hypothesis framework, individual characteristics influence focuses on one´s belief in the cost of pursued behavior, and the will along with the self-confidence to take action.

Explanation:

The theory model hypothesis framework is a conceptual framework that outlines the ideas´s precise organization, aiming an specific project's purpose. The factors, data collection, analysis, and interpretation structure the hypotheses framework and highlights the target of theory in addressing leveled issues.

Individual characteristics like one´s aptitude hypothesis and the qualification hypothesis each emphasizes on professional competence, emotional inteligence and self-regulatory characteristics, which are discussed in the framework of the aptitude hypothesis for the researched model.

The level of influence that focuses on individual characteristics is the micro-level.

The level of influence that focuses on individual characteristics is the micro-level. At the micro-level, researchers explore how individual characteristics such as knowledge and attitudes impact behavior. For example, a researcher might study how a person's knowledge about climate change affects their willingness to take action to mitigate it. This level of influence considers the specific characteristics of individuals and their impact on a particular problem or phenomenon.

Answer:

Resistance

Explanation:

Resistance a term that is described in psychotherapy during the therapy session. In resistance, the client gets to resist to his behavior. The client does not disclose themselves in front of the therapist. It is a very difficult situation for the therapist to make the client comfortable and make sure about his assistance.  

There are four types of resistance that a client shows in front of therapists

Thus in the above statement, Jimmy is in the resistance stage where he ignoring his psychotherapist during the conversation. He is inattentive and in denial phase. Jimmy's behavior shows the resistance towards the psychotherapist.