Substitution of an amino group on the para position of acetophenone shifts the cjo frequency from about 1685 to 1652 cm−1 , whereas a nitro group attached to the para position yields a cjo frequency of 1693 cm−1 . explain the shift for each substituent from the 1685 cm−1 base value for acetophenone

Peer review is an Important part of the scientific process as it permits scientist to have their work translated into other language. Therefore, the correct option is option A.

Peer review is the evaluation of a piece of work by one or more people with similar abilities to the creators (peers). It acts as a tool for capable experts in the sector to self-regulate.

Depending on the type of activity and the field or profession it occurs in, such as medicine, peer review can be broken down into a variety of categories. Peer review is an Important part of the scientific process as it permits scientist to have their work translated into other language.

Therefore, the correct option is option A.

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The element initially has an atomic number of 88 and it decays to an atomic number of 82. This is achieved by the emission of three alpha particles in a process known as radioactive decay. No beta particles are emitted in this case.

In your question, an element of atomic number 88 decays to an element of atomic number 82. This radioactive decay is a form of alpha decay. In alpha decay, the atomic number decreases by two and the mass number decreases by four, as one alpha particle (consisting of two neutrons and two protons) is emitted from the nucleus.

Therefore, in order to move from an atomic number of 88 to 82, three alpha particles must be emitted. The emission of any beta particles (which transform a neutron into a proton) would have the effect of increasing the atomic number, which is not what happens in this case.

Hence, the correct answer is three alpha particles.

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Answer:

16.0%.

Explanation:

Volume percent of a substance is the ratio of the substance volume to the solution volume multiplied by 100.

V % of ethanol = (volume of ethanol / volume of the solution) x 100.

volume of ethanol = 90.0 mL, volume of the solution = 550.0 mL.

∴ V % of ethanol = (90.0 mL / 550.0 mL) x 100 = 16.36% ≅ 16.0%.

In unsaturated fatty acids, the cis double bonds cause the carbon chain to bend or "kink", which gives the molecules an irregular shape.

Unsaturated fatty acid carbon chains contain one or more double bonds with a terminal carboxylic group (–COOH), unlike saturated fatty acids, which contain no double bonds. These fatty acids are subdivided into two groups depending on the number of double bonds. A single double bond is termed monounsaturated, and those with more than one double bond are termed polyunsaturated.

In addition to nomenclature systems describing the number of carbon atoms and location of the double bond(s), a “cis-” or “trans-” notation describes the configuration. A cis- notation means hydrogen atoms are on the same side as the carbon double bond, As a result, cis fatty acids cannot stack as closely as saturated fatty acids and thus have fewer dispersion forces between their carbon chains.

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Answer:C

Explanation:

The equation which best describes the reaction between Ni(OH)₂ & HCl is Ni(OH)₂(s) + 2HCl(l) → NiCl₂(aq) + 2H₂O(l).

Those reaction in which acids combine with bases to form water molecule and salt is known as neutralization reaction.

In the given question, nickel hydroxide Ni(OH)₂ is a base and when it reacts with hydrochloric acid it will form water molecule and nickel chloride salt, and chemical reaction for this changes will be represent as follow:

Ni(OH)₂(s) + 2HCl(l) → NiCl₂(aq) + 2H₂O(l)

Reactions except this equation is not correct as in that equations formation of desired products will not takes place.

Hence Ni(OH)₂(s)+2HCl(l)→NiCl₂(aq)+2H₂O(l) best describes the change.

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Answer:

The only true statement is:

Explanation:

Alpha particles are radiactive particles equivalent to a helium nucleus, so they have two protons and two neutrons.

Hence, alpha particles, α, are represented as:

The superscript 4 to the left of the chemical symbol is the mass number: 2 protons + 2 neutrons = 4

The subscript 2 to the left of the chemical symbol is the atomic number: 2 protons = 2.

Hence, the statement "a. Alpha particles have a mass number of 4" is true.

As for the other statements, you have:

b. Alpha particles have a nulear charge of +1: false

Since, these particles are the nucleous of the helium atom, the nuclear charge equals the number of protons of this atom: +2. Hence, the statement is false.

c. Alpha particle formation is accompanied by the conversion of a proton into a neutron and d. Alpha particle formation is accompanied by the conversion of a neutron into a proton. (both false)

The conversion of a protons into a neutrons and the conversion of a neutron into a proton are product of other kind of radiactive desintegrations.

Therefore, these last two statements are also false.

True statements about alpha particles include that they have a mass number of 4 and that their formation involves the conversion of a neutron into a proton, whereas their nuclear charge is not +1 but +2.So,option a,d is correct.

In addressing the question about alpha particles, here are the true statements:

a. Alpha particles have a mass number of 4

d. Alpha particle formation is accompanied by the conversion of a neutron into a proton

Alpha particles are indeed equivalent to a helium nucleus with two protons and two neutrons, giving them a mass number of 4. Their charge is actually +2, not +1 as suggested in option b. During alpha decay, the parent nucleus sheds an alpha particle, leading to the creation of a new element with an atomic number reduced by 2 and a mass number decreased by 4. This transformation involves the conversion of a neutron into a proton within the parent nucleus.

Answer:

(a) Au³⁺;  (b) Ag⁺; (c) Cd²⁺; (d) O₂ in acidic media

Explanation:

You've had Trends in the Periodic Table. Now, here are Trends in Standard Reduction Potentials.

Thus, for each pair of half reactions, we need to look only at which one has the more positive standard reduction potential.

(a) Br₂/Au³⁺  

Au³⁺(aq) + 3e⁻ ⟶ Au(s)       1.498 V

Br₂(ℓ) + 2e⁻ ⟶ 2Br⁻(aq)      1.066 V

Au³⁺ is the stronger oxidizing agent.

(b) H₂/Ag⁺  

Ag⁺(aq) + e⁻ ⟶ Au(s)          0.7996 V

H₂(g) + 2e⁻ ⟶ 2H⁻(aq)      -2.33      V

Ag⁺ is the stronger oxidizing agent.

(c) Cd²⁺/Cr³⁺  

Cd²⁺(aq) + e⁻ ⟶ Cd(s)      -0.4030 V

Cr³⁺(aq) + 3e⁻ ⟶ Cr(s)      -0.744   V

Cd²⁺ is the stronger oxidizing agent.

(d) O₂, H⁺/O₂, OH⁻  

O₂(g) + 4H⁺(aq) + 4e⁻ ⟶ 2H₂O(ℓ)         1.224 V

O₂(g) + H₂O(ℓ) + 4e⁻ ⟶ 4OH⁻(aq)       0.401  V

O₂ in acid is the stronger oxidizing agent.

The more potent oxidizing agents in the given pairs are: Br2, Ag+, Cr3+ and O2 under acidic conditions. These substances readily attract and bind with electrons thereby facilitating the oxidation process in a chemical reaction.

In the given pairs, the better oxidizing agents under standard-state conditions are: (a) Br2 in pair Br2 and Au3+, because Br2 gains electrons more readily. (b) Ag+ in pair H2 and Ag+, since Ag+ has a higher reduction potential. (c) Cr3+ in pair Cd2+ and Cr3+. Lastly, (d) O2 in acidic media tends to be a stronger oxidizing agent than O2 in basic media because more readily available H+ ions in acidic conditions facilitate the oxidation process.

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The density of NO2 in a 4.50 L tank at 760.0 torr and 25.0 °C is approximately 1.64 g/L.

To calculate the density of NO2 in a 4.50 L tank at 760.0 torr and 25.0 °C, we can use the ideal gas law and the molar mass of NO2. The ideal gas law equation is PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature. Rearranging the equation, we have n = PV/RT. First, we need to calculate the number of moles of NO2 in the tank. We can calculate this by dividing the pressure in torr by the ideal gas constant (0.08206 L atm/K mol), multiplied by the temperature in Kelvin. Then we can divide the calculated number of moles by the volume of the tank to get the molar concentration. Finally, we can divide the mass of NO2 by the volume of the tank to get the density. Using this method, the density of NO2 in the 4.50 L tank at 760.0 torr and 25.0 °C is approximately 1.64 g/L (Option A).

Answer:

A. Population sizes are limited by the amount of resources that are available.

Explanation:

Think about it, the more people you have, the more food & water you need.

SO the answer is A.

(prove me wrong)

Answer:

33 degrees

Explanation:

The critical angle for a light ray moving from a denser medium with refractive index [tex]n_1[/tex] to a second medium with refractive index [tex]n_2[/tex] is given by

[tex]\theta_c = sin^{-1} (\frac{n_2}{n_1})[/tex]

In this case, the critical angle occurs when light moves from diamond to water. The index of refraction of the two materials are:

[tex]n_d = 2.42[/tex] for diamond

[tex]n_w = 1.33[/tex] for water

So the critical angle is

[tex]\theta_c = sin^{-1} (\frac{1.33}{2.42})=sin^{-1}(0.550)=33.3^{\circ}[/tex]

Answer:

The correct option is D.

Explanation:

Radioactive substances usually emit different types of particles when they are decaying. Such particles include alpha particles, beta particles and gamma ray. When an alpha particle is emitted from an unstable radioactive nucleus such nucleus usually lost an atomic mass that correspond to that of helium atom. Note that an alpha particle is made up of two protons and two neutrons, which result in mass number of 4. Thus, a nucleus that emit an alpha particle will have its mass number (atomic mass) reduce by 4 and atomic number that is reduced by 2.  

Answer:

Synthesis

Explanation:

Answer: Single replacement

[tex]Fe+CuSO_4\rightarrow Cu+FeSO_4[/tex]

Explanation:

Single replacement reaction is a chemical reaction in which more reactive element displaces the less reactive element from its salt solution.

Iron being more reactive than copper would displace copper from its salt solution and thus will generate copper and iron sulphate.

The chemical equation representing iron metal plus copper (II) sulfate solution yields iron (II) sulfate solution and copper metal is:

[tex]Fe+CuSO_4\rightarrow Cu+FeSO_4[/tex]

Answer:

77.98 g/mol ≅ 78.0 g/mol.

Explanation:

Molar mass of Al(OH)₃ = (Atomic mass of Al) + 3(Atomic mass of O) + 3(Atomic mass of H)

Atomic mass of Al = 26.98 g/mol. & Atomic mass of O = 16.0 g/mol & Atomic mass of H = 1.0 g/mol.

∴ Molar mass of Al(OH)₃ = (26.98 g/mol) + 3(16.0 g/mol) + 3(1.0 g/mol) = 77.98 g/mol ≅ 78.0 g/mol.

Final answer:

To find the molar mass of Al(OH)3, calculate the total mass of one mole by adding the molar mass of each element: Al, O, and H. The molar mass of Al(OH)3 is approximately 77.0 g/mol.

Explanation:

To find the molar mass of Al(OH)3, we need to calculate the total mass of one mole of Al(OH)3.

First, we calculate the molar mass of each element in Al(OH)3:

Al: 1 mole * 26.98 g/mole = 26.98 g/mole

O: 3 moles * 16.00 g/mole = 48.00 g/mole

H: 3 moles * 1.01 g/mole = 3.03 g/mole

Adding up the masses of each element gives us a total molar mass of Al(OH)3:

26.98 g/mole + 48.00 g/mole + 3.03 g/mole = 77.01 g/mole

Therefore, the molar mass of Al(OH)3 is approximately 77.0 g/mol to the nearest 0.1 g/mol.

Answer:

7.565 %.

Explanation:

Error % = [True value - Measured value) /True value] ×100

where, True value = 42.3 g.

Measured value = 45.5 g.

Error % = [║(True value - Measured value)║ /True value] ×100

Error % = [║(42.3 g) - (45.5 g)║ /(42.3 g)] × 100 = 7.565 %.

Answer:

I attached the answer as an image. I also drew in the two most acidic hydrogens.

Explanation:

This goes through the 'benzyne' intermediate, meaning it does an E2-looking reaction by expelling a leaving group (chloride) from the adjacent part of the ring using the amide as a strong base. The triple-bonded benzyne has absurd bond angle strain, and is vulnerable to a good nucleophile like an amide ion, and the resultant sp2 anion is then reprotonated by the acid. I didn't draw in the acid-base reaction in step one, or the spectator ion (sodium).

The both major organic products are 3-amino-2-methyltoluene and 4-amino-2-methyltoluene.

The reaction of 4-chloro-2-methyltoluene with sodium amide is an E2 reaction. The abstraction of hydrogen ion by a base and the loss of chloride ion occurs simultaneously leading to the formation of a benzyne intermediate.

This benzyne intermediate is attacked by the amide ion and H3O+ to yield the products; 3-amino-2-methyltoluene and 4-amino-2-methyltoluene. The  detailed mechanism of the reaction is shown in the images attached below.

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Answer:

0.07172 L = 7.172 mL.

Explanation:

where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm (P = 1.0 atm, Standard P).

V is the volume of the gas in L (V = ??? L).

n is the no. of moles of the gas in mol (n = 3.2 x 10⁻³ mol).

R is the general gas constant (R = 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K),

T is the temperature of the gas in K (T = 273 K, Standard T).

∴ V = nRT/P = (3.2 x 10⁻³ mol)(0.0821 L.atm/mol.K)(273 K)/(1.0 atm) = 0.07172 L = 7.172 mL.

To calculate the volume of 3.2 x 10^-3 mol CO2 at STP, we can use Avogadro's Law. The volume can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles by the molar volume of a gas at STP, which is 22.4 liters/mol.

To calculate the volume of gas at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), we can use Avogadro's Law. Avogadro's Law states that equal volumes of gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain the same number of particles (moles).

First, we need to convert the given number of moles of CO2, which is 3.2 x 10^-3 mol, into liters by using the molar volume of a gas at STP, which is 22.4 liters/mol. Multiplying the number of moles by the molar volume gives us the volume:

Volume = 3.2 x 10^-3 mol * 22.4 L/mol = 0.07168 L

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Final answer:

Geothermal energy has a faster renewal rate than natural gas because it utilizes the constant and virtually inexhaustible heat from Earth's core, contrasting with natural gas's slow replenishment rate.

Explanation:

Comparing geothermal energy to natural gas based on their rates of renewal reveals significant differences in their replenishment. Natural gas, a fossil fuel, forms over millions of years from the decay of organic matter under high pressure and temperature. This process is extremely slow, indicating that natural gas has a much slower rate of renewal once extracted from the Earth. In contrast, geothermal energy harnesses the constant heat emanating from the Earth's core, a result of radioactive decay and the original heat from planetary formation. This heat is virtually inexhaustible on human timescales, making geothermal energy effectively renewable with a much faster rate of renewal in practical terms.

The correct statement is: Geothermal energy has a faster rate because a vast amount of heat energy is always present inside Earth's core.

While both resources provide energy, their rates of renewal starkly contrast due to their different origins and mechanisms of replenishment. Natural gas, being a non-renewable resource, does not replenish at a rate that can sustain its consumption. Conversely, geothermal energy, with its endless supply of heat from the Earth's interior, offers a sustainable alternative with minimal environmental impact.

Given that the product is slippery and turns litmus paper blue. It probably contains a base (Option B)

A base is a substance which dissolves in water to produce hydroxide ion, OH¯

A base has been known to neutralize, producing salt and water.

However, a base can easily be tested for by using litmus paper.

A solution of base will turn red litmus paper blue.

With the above information about base, we can conclude that the product described in the question given above contains a base (option B)

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Answer:

Here you go buddy. Good Luck

Explanation:

Chemical formula of a compound tells us about the number of atoms of elements that are present in a compound.

For the given options:

1. Nitric acid

This is an acid in which one hydrogen, 1 nitrogen and 3 oxygen atoms are present. The chemical formula for this compound is [tex]HNO_3[/tex]

2. Sulfurous acid

This is an acid in which two hydrogen, 1 sulfur and 3 oxygen atoms are present. The chemical formula for this compound is [tex]H_2SO_3[/tex]

3. Hypochlorous acid

This is an acid in which one hydrogen, 1 chlorine and 1 oxygen atoms are present. The chemical formula for this compound is [tex]HClO[/tex]

4. Ammonia

This is an acid in which three hydrogen and 1 nitrogen atoms are present. The chemical formula for this compound is [tex]NH_3[/tex]

5. Sulfuric acid

This is an acid in which one hydrogen, 1 sulfur and 4 oxygen atoms are present. The chemical formula for this compound is [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex]

Answer:

C) nitrogen monoxide

Explanation:

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Answer:

because the bread and cheese is absorbing the water whereas if you leave it dry in a moist humid place mold will start to appear

Explanation:

Answer:

D) hydrochloric acid.

Explanation:

Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g),

It is clear that 1.0 moles of Zn react with 2.0 moles of HCl to produce 1.0 moles of ZnCl₂ and 1.0 mole of H₂.

∴ 2.0 mol of Zn (the remaining 2.0 mol is in excess) react completely with 4.0 mol of HCl with (1: 2) molar ratio.

So,

the limiting reactant is HCl and the excess reactant is Zn.

Thus, the right choice is: D) hydrochloric acid.

Final answer:

Explanation on how to determine the limiting reactant in a chemical reaction involving zinc and hydrochloric acid.

Explanation:

The limiting reactant in a chemical reaction is the reactant that gets consumed completely first, limiting the amount of product formed. To determine the limiting reactant, we compare the moles of each reactant to the stoichiometry of the balanced equation.

In the reaction Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl₂(aq) + H₂(g), if you have 4 moles of zinc and 4 moles of hydrochloric acid, you need to use stoichiometry to see which reactant will be completely consumed first.

Based on the balanced equation, the limiting reactant between zinc and hydrochloric acid is hydrochloric acid as only 2 moles of HCl are needed to react completely with 1 mole of zinc.

Bubbling And Fizzing

Answer:

Signs of chemical reactions are, if gas or bubbles are present, if a color changes occurs, or if a precipitate is formed, that could indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred.

Explanation:

Answer:

A

Explanation:

One of the main complaints about hydropower is that it will change the ecosystem. You can read about the history of any dam and you will find that most of them have involved evacuation. That means that farmland was lost and replaced by a lake behind the dam. The energy comes from water cascading over the top of the dam to its bottom.

It does not produce radiation.

It does not burn fossil fuels. It's clean and does not pollute the air.

So there are no greenhouse gases involoved.

Answer:

change the ecosystem

Explanation:

Answer:

C) 4.8 L NH₃.

Explanation:

N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) → 2NH₃(g),

It is clear that 1.0 moles of N₂ react with 3.0 moles of H₂ to produce 2.0 moles of NH₃.

It is known that at STP: every 1.0 mol of any gas occupies 22.4 L.

1.0 mol of N₂ represents → 22.4 L.

??? mol of N₂ represents → 2.4 L.

∴ 2.4 L of N₂ represents = (1.0 mol)(2.4 L)/(22.4 L) = 0.1071 mol.

1.0 mol of N₂ produce → 2.0 mol of NH₃, from stichiometry.

0.1071 mol of N₂ produce → ??? mol of NH₃.

∴ The no. of moles of NH₃ = (2.0 mol)(0.1071 mol)/(1.0 mol) = 0.2142 mol.

1.0 mol of NH₃ represents → 22.4 L, at STP.

0.2142 mol of NH₃ represents → ??? L.

∴ The no. of liters of NH₃ will be produced = (0.2142 mol)(22.4 L)/(1.0 mol) = 4.789 L ≅ 4.8 L.

So, the right choice is: C) 4.8 L NH₃.

Final answer:

Using Avogadro's law and the stoichiometry of the chemical equation for the production of ammonia, 2.4L of nitrogen gas will produce 4.8L of ammonia gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP).

Explanation:

According to Avogadro's law, equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of molecules. Therefore, we can use the balanced chemical equation N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g) to determine the volume of ammonia produced by the reaction. The equation tells us that one volume of nitrogen reacts with three volumes of hydrogen to produce two volumes of ammonia. Since we are assuming standard temperature and pressure (STP), we can directly relate the volumes of gases involved in the reaction.

If 2.4L of N2 are reacted with an excess of hydrogen, according to the stoichiometry of the reaction, it would produce twice the volume of NH3 because for every one volume of N2, two volumes of NH3 are produced. Therefore, 2.4L of N2 would produce 4.8L of NH3. Accordingly, the correct answer is C) 4.8L NH3.

Equilibrium shifts to produce more reactant.

Answer: acid dissociation

Explanation:

According to the Bronsted-Lowry conjugate acid-base theory, an acid is defined as a substance which looses donates protons and thus forming conjugate base and a base is defined as a substance which accepts protons and thus forming conjugate acid.

For the given chemical equation:

[tex]HBr+H_2O\rightarrow H^+(aq.)+Br^-(aq.)[/tex]

Here, [tex]HBr[/tex] is loosing a proton, thus it is considered as an acid and the reaction is acid dissociation.

Hydroium ion is [tex]H_3O^+[/tex]

Neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction in which an acid reacts with base to produce salt and water.

[tex]HA+BOH\rightarrow H_2O+BA[/tex]

Thus the reaction is acid dissociation.

I think the answer would be True

Answer:

The wood

Explanation:

The block of wood shall float in the water while the iron key would sink due to the weight.

The iron key is easier to find in the bathtub as it will sink due to its density, while the wood floats. This behavior is explained by Archimedes' principle concerning buoyant force and the displacement of water.

Between the iron key and the piece of wood, the iron key would be easier to find because it would sink to the bottom of the bathtub due to its higher density compared to water. Objects denser than water, such as iron, will not float and instead displace a volume of water equal to their own volume as they sink. This concept is explained by Archimedes' principle, which states that the buoyant force on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. Since iron is much denser than water, it displaces a small volume of water before reaching the bottom of the tub. On the other hand, wood is less dense than water and therefore floats on the surface. This is because the wood displaces a volume of water equal to its weight before it is completely submerged, allowing it to float.

In the bathtub experiment mentioned in the question, marbles were dropped into a partially filled bathtub sink to the bottom. While part of their weight is supported by the buoyant force, the downward force on the bottom of the tub increases by exactly the weight of the marbles because the water displaced by the marbles has to go somewhere, exerting an equal force downward.