Cations, or positive ions, are smaller than their parent atoms because they have fewer electrons resulting in less electron-electron repulsion. Anions, or negative ions, are larger than their parent atoms because additional electrons increase electron-electron repulsion.
Explanation:The true statement in the choices given is: 'Cations are smaller than their neutral parent atoms because there are fewer electrons "competing" for the attractive force of the protons in the nucleus'.
When an atom forms a cation, or a positive ion, it loses one or more electrons from its valence shell. This reduction in the number of electrons minimizes the electron-electron repulsion and allows the protons in the nucleus to pull the remaining electrons closer, making the radius of the cation smaller than the parent atom. For example, an aluminium atom has a larger radius than an aluminium cation because the cation has fewer electrons, hence the remaining electrons are pulled closer to the nucleus.
On the other hand, anions form when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. The added electrons increase repulsion among the electrons, causing the radius of an anion to be larger than that of its parent atom. For example, a sulfur atom has a smaller radius than a sulfide anion because the anion has more electrons, thus they spread out more due to increased electron-electron repulsion.
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The correct statement is that cations are smaller than their neutral parent atoms because there are less electrons competing for the attractive force of the protons in the nucleus. Conversely, anions are larger than their neutral parent atoms due to more electrons competing for the attractive force of the protons.
Explanation:The correct statement is: Cations are smaller than their neutral parent atoms because there are fewer electrons “competing” for the attractive force of the protons in the nucleus. A cation is a positively charged ion that is formed when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell. This loss of electrons results in a smaller atomic radius because there are fewer electrons 'competing' for the attractive force of the protons, allowing the atom to pull the remaining electrons closer to the nucleus.
Conversely, an anion is a negative ion that is formed when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons. This results in a greater repulsion among the electrons, which results in an increase in atomic radius. Hence, anions are larger than their neutral parent atoms because there are more electrons “competing” for the attractive force of the protons in the nucleus.
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25 POINTS!!! HELP FAST
Why is the symbol E ^ O oxid used to show the standard reduction potential of an oxidation reaction in a half cell.
IN PICK ITS THE SECOND OPTION
im not sure wow super hard question
Can you please send me whole question picture to better assist you.
Thank you
how many grams are in 2.3 x10-4 moles of calcium phosphate ca3(po3)2
Final answer:
To find the number of grams in 2.3 x 10-4 moles of calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2), you need to calculate the molar mass of calcium phosphate and then convert moles to grams.
Explanation:
To find the number of grams in 2.3 x 10-4 moles of calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2), we need to calculate the molar mass of calcium phosphate and then convert moles to grams.
The molar mass of Ca3(PO4)2 can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and oxygen (O). The atomic masses are: Ca = 40.078 g/mol, P = 30.973761 g/mol, O = 15.9994 g/mol.
Calculating the molar mass:
3Ca: (3 atoms) (40.078 g/mol/atom) = 120.234 g/mol2P: (2 atoms) (30.973761 g/mol/atom) = 61.947522 g/mol8O: (8 atoms) (15.9994 g/mol/atom) = 127.9952 g/molTotal molar mass of Ca3(PO4)2 = 120.234 g/mol + 61.947522 g/mol + 127.9952 g/mol = 310.176722 g/mol.
Now, we can use the equation:
mass(g) = moles x molar mass(g/mol)
Substituting the given values:
mass(g) = 2.3 x 10-4 moles x 310.176722 g/mol
Calculating the result:
mass(g) = 0.0712 g
Therefore, there are 0.0712 grams in 2.3 x 10-4 moles of calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2).
Which statement BEST describes why the rate of reaction will increase if you increase the concentration of a solution?
A) A higher concentration solution will only react at a higher temperature.
B) When the concentration of the solution increases, the amount of the other reactant also increases.
C) The higher number of molecules increases the number of collisions that will occur with the reactants.
D) If the concentration increases, the number of solution molecules decreases which gives more room for the reaction to occur.
C) The higher number of molecules increases the number of collisions that will occur with the reactants.
Hope this helps!!
Increasing the concentration of a solution leads to a higher rate of reaction due to an increased number of collisions between the reactant molecules.
Explanation:The correct statement that explains why the rate of reaction increases when the concentration of a solution is increased is option C) The higher number of molecules increases the number of collisions that will occur with the reactants.
When the concentration of a solution increases, there are more particles of the reactants in the same volume. This means that there are more molecules available to collide with each other, leading to an increased chance of successful collisions and a higher rate of reaction.
For example, if you have a solution containing a high concentration of hydrochloric acid and you add more reactant particles, such as magnesium chips, to the solution, there will be more collisions between the hydrochloric acid molecules and the magnesium particles, resulting in a faster reaction.
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Recently you viewed a movie in which a spaceship blows up outside a space station. The people inside the space station jump with surprise upon hearing the explosion. What is wrong with this scenario? Sound is a transverse wave. Sound needs a medium through which to travel. Sound is a longitudinal wave. There are no such things as space stations. NEXT
Answer:
Sound needs a medium through which to travel.
Explanation:
In space there is no air or medium. Sound waves need medium to travel. It cannot travel through vacuum. Sounds waves are mechanical waves unlike electromagnetic waves. Electromagnetic waves can travel through vacuum. But mechanical waves such as sound waves needs a medium to propagate the energy. So it is very unlikely that people inside the space station can hear the explosion that occurs in space outside the space station.
How is an isotope different from the standard form of a chemical element?
Answer:
The standard form of a chemical element is the natural mixture of several isotopes of the same element, which is atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons, while an isotope is a particular kind of atom with a definite number of neutrons.Explanation:
A chemical element is a pure substance formed by atoms with the same atomic number (number of protons). This is because it is the number of protons what identifies an element.
For example: oxygen is a chemical element, so oxygen is formed by only atoms of oxygen, and the atomic number of those atoms is 8, because every oxygen atom has 8 protons.
Nevertheless, some atoms of oxygen, may have different number of neutrons. Isotopes are different kind of atoms of the same element, which only differ in the number of neutrons. So, some atoms of oxygen will have 8 neutrons, other 9 neutrons, and other 10 neutrons (those are the stable isotopes of oxygen).
That difference in neutrons, is generally accepted that, does not modifiy substantially the chemical properties of the element, but the mass number. So, the isotopes with more neutrons wil be heavier, and the isotopes with less neutrons will be lighter.
Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons.In general a chemical element is formed by a mixutre of isotopes of the same element.
Answer:
its B :diffrent number of neutrons
Explanation:
December 21 is the first day of winter in the northern hemisphere. What season is it in the southern hemisphere? A. Beginning of winter B. Beginning of spring C. Beginning of summer D. Beginning of autumn (fall)
Summer because the seasons in the Southern Hemisphere is the opposite of the seasons in the northern hemisphere.
What condition must be satisfied by a balanced chemical equation?
Answer:
The chemical equation needs to be balanced so that it follows the law of conservation of mass. A balanced chemical equation occurs when the number of the different atoms of elements in the reactants side is equal to that of the products side. Balancing chemical equations is a process of trial and error.
Explanation:
Solve using the correct gas law formula: If the pressure exerted by gas at 25 °C in a constant volume of 3.81 atm, What will the pressure be at 50 °C?
Answer:
4.31 atm.
Explanation:
We can use the general law of ideal gas: PV = nRT.where, P is the pressure of the gas in atm.
V is the volume of the gas in L.
n is the no. of moles of the gas in mol.
R is the general gas constant,
T is the temperature of the gas in K.
If n and V are constant, and have different values of P and T:(P₁T₂) = (P₂T₁)
Knowing that:
P₁ = 3.81 atm, T₁ = 25°C + 273 = 298 K,
P₂ = ??? atm, T₂ = 50°C + 273 = 323 K,
Applying in the above equation(P₁T₂) = (P₂T₁)
∴ P₂ = (P₁T₂)/(T₁) = (3.81 atm)(323 K)/(298 K) = 4.31 atm.
HELP ASAP PLEASE!!!
Formulas for acids usually begin with one or more _____ ions.
hydrogen ions
H2SO4
HNO3
H3PO4
etc
** WILL MARK BRAINLIEST **
How many liters of 4.0 M NaOH solution will react with 0.30 liters 4.0 M H2SO4?
H2SO4 + NaOH → Na2SO4 + H2O
A. 1.6 L
B. 1.2 L
C. 0.90 L
D. 0.60 L
Answer:
D. 0.60 L.
Explanation:
For the acid-base neutralization, we have the role:The no. of millimoles of acid is equal to that of the base at the neutralization.
∴ (XMV) NaOH = (XMV) H₂SO₄.
X is the no. of reproducible H⁺ (for acid) or OH⁻ (for base),
M is the molarity.
V is the volume.
For NaOH:X = 1, M = 4.0 M, V = ??? L.
For H₂SO₄:X = 2, M = 4.0 M, V = 0.3 L.
∴ V of NaOH = (XMV) H₂SO₄/(XM) NaOH = (2)(4.0 M)(0.3 L)/(1)(4.0 M) = 0.6 L.
So, the right choice is: D. 0.60 L.
From standard reduction potentials, calculate the equilibrium constant at 25 ∘c for the reaction 2mno−4(aq)+10cl−(aq)+16h+(aq)→2mn2+(aq)+5cl2(g)+8h2o(l)
To calculate the equilibrium constant at 25°C for the given reaction, use the information from the standard reduction potentials given in the question. Write the half-reactions and use the Nernst equation to calculate the cell potential. Then, calculate the equilibrium constant using the relation ΔG = -RTlnK.
Explanation:To calculate the equilibrium constant at 25°C for the given reaction, we need to use the information from the standard reduction potentials given in the question. We can first write the half-reactions for the species involved in the reaction:
Then, we can use the Nernst equation to calculate the cell potential for the reaction:
E = E0 - (0.0592/n) * log(Q)
Where:
By calculating the cell potential and using the equation ΔG = -nFEcell, where ΔG is the change in Gibbs free energy, F is Faraday's constant, and Ecell is the cell potential, we can then calculate the equilibrium constant K using the relation ΔG = -RTlnK.
By substituting the values into the equations and calculating, we can find the equilibrium constant for the given reaction at 25°C.
Final answer:
To calculate the equilibrium constant for a redox reaction, one must balance the half-reactions, find the standard potentials for both, and then use these values with the Nernst equation and the relationship between free energy and the equilibrium constant.
Explanation:
To calculate the equilibrium constant at 25 °C for the redox reaction given, we need to use the standard reduction potentials of each half-reaction. First, we balance the half-reactions for each species involved.
For MnO⁴⁻ reduction to Mn²⁺:
MnO⁴⁻(aq) + 8H⁺⁺(aq) + 5e⁻ → Mn²⁺(aq) + 4H₂O(l)
For Cl⁻ oxidation to Cl₂:
2Cl⁻(aq) - 2e⁻ → Cl₂(g)
After balancing, we use the Nernst equation to find the standard cell potential (E° cell) by subtracting the standard reduction potential of the anode (E° anode) from the cathode (E° cathode).
E° cell = E° cathode - E° anode
Then, the equilibrium constant (K) is related to the standard cell potential by the following equation, where n is the number of moles of electrons transferred and F is the Faraday constant:
ΔG° = -nFE° cell
And the standard free energy change (ΔG°) is related to the equilibrium constant (K) by the equation:
ΔG° = -RTlnK
Combining these equations and solving for K gives us:
lnK = nFE° cell / RT
By using the standard reduction potentials from the appendix and plugging in the values for n, F, R (the universal gas constant), and T (temperature in Kelvin), we can calculate K.
This approach allows us to understand the spontaneity and the composition of the equilibrium mixture for the reaction in question, providing valuable insights into the chemical process at equilibrium.
In order to calculate the number of neutrons you must subtract the ______ from the ________.
Answer:
In order to calculate the number of neutrons you must subtract the atomic number (number of protons) from the mass number.Explanation:
The nucleus of an atom is consituted by protons and neutrons. The electrons are out of (surrounding) the nucleus.
The elements are uniquely identified by the atomic number, which is the number of protons.
Since, the mass of the electrons is barely 1 / 1840 times the mass of the protons or neutrons, the mass of the atoms is approximated to the mass of protons and neutrons. The relative mass of neutrons and protons is practically 1.
So, the mass number of an atom is the sum of the protons and neutrons.
The symbols and equation used are:
Atomic number, Z = number of protonsNumber of neutrons = NMass number, A = protons + neutrons = Z + NHence, to calculate the number of neutrons, N, you solve from that equation:
A = Z + N ⇒ N = A - ZWhich means that to calculate the number of neutrons you subtract the atomic number from the mass number.
To calculate the number of neutrons in an atom, subtract the atomic number (number of protons) from the mass number (total number of protons and neutrons). You can find these numbers on the periodic table for each element.
Explanation:In order to calculate the number of neutrons in an atom, you must subtract the atomic number from the mass number. The atomic number (Z) represents the number of protons in an atom's nucleus and defines the identity of that atom. For instance, an atom with six protons is the element carbon with the atomic number 6. The mass number (A), on the other hand, is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom. So, the formula to calculate the number of neutrons is A - Z = number of neutrons.
For example, let's take the element Fe (Iron). Iron has an atomic number of 26, indicating it has 26 protons. Its atomic mass is typically around 56. To find the number of neutrons, simply subtract the atomic number from the mass number: 56 - 26 = 30. Therefore, a typical atom of iron has 30 neutrons.
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During an experiment, 104 grams of calcium carbonate reacted with an excess amount of hydrochloric acid. If the percent yield of the reaction was 80.15%, what was the actual amount of calcium chloride formed? CaCO3 + HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O 90.1 grams 92.4 grams 109.2 grams 115.3 grams
Answer:
92.4 grams.
Explanation:
From the balanced reaction:CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + CO₂ + H₂O,
1.0 mole of CaCO₃ reacts with 2.0 moles of HCl to produce 1.0 mole of CaCl₂, 1.0 mole of CO₂, and 1.0 mole of H₂O.
We need to calculate the no. of moles of (104 g) of CaCO₃:no. of moles of CaCO₃ = mass/molar mass = (104 g)/(100.08 g/mol) = 1.039 mol.
Using cross multiplication:
1.0 mole of CaCO₃ produce → 1.0 mole of CaCl₂.
∴ 1.039 mole of CaCO₃ produce → 1.039 mole of CaCl₂.
∴ The amount of CaCl₂ produced = no. of moles x molar mass = (1.039 mol)(110.98 g/mol) = 114.3 g.
∵ percent yield of the reaction = [(actual yield)/(theoretical yield)] x 100.
Percent yield of the reaction = 80.15%, theoretical yield = 115.3 g.
∴ actual yield = [(percent yield of the reaction)(theoretical yield)]/100 = [(80.15%)/(115.3 g)] / 100 = 92.42 g ≅ 92.4 g.
Which is the correct net ionic equation for the reaction of aqueous ammonia with nitric acid? Which is the correct net ionic equation for the reaction of aqueous ammonia with nitric acid?NH3(aq) + NO3−(aq) → NH2−(aq) + HNO3(aq)NH4+(aq) + H+(aq) → NH52+(aq)NH2−(aq) + H+(aq) → NH3(aq)NH4+(aq) + NO3−(aq) → NH4NO3(aq)NH3(aq) + H+(aq) → NH4+(aq)
Answer:
The last option:
NH₃ (aq) + H⁺ (aq) → NH₄⁺ (aq)Explanation:
1) Word equation
Aqueous ammonia + nitric acid → aqueous ammonium nitrate2) Chemical (molecular) equation
NH₃ (aq) + HNO₃ (aq) → NH₄ NO₃3) Ionization reactions
Write the dissociation of the soluble ionic compounds:
HNO₃ → H⁺ + NO₃⁻NH₄ NO₃ → NH₄⁺ + NO₃⁻4) Total ionic equation:
NH₃ (aq) + H⁺ (aq) + NO₃⁻ (aq) → NH₄⁺ (aq) + NO₃⁻ (aq)5) Net ionic equation
You must cancel the spectator ions, which are those ions that are repeated in both reactant and product sides, i.e. NO₃⁻. They are name spectator because they do not participate (change) during the reaction.
NH₃ (aq) + H⁺ (aq) → NH₄⁺ (aq)And that is the last choice of the list.
A chemical equation that depicts the aqueous electrolytes as dissociated ions is an ionic equation. The ionic equation is shown by [tex]\rm NH_{3} (aq) + H^{+} (aq) \rightarrow NH_{4}^{+} (aq).[/tex]
What is the ionic equation?The ionic equation is the depiction of the ions of the compounds or the substances involved in the reaction.
The word equation for the aqueous ammonia with nitric acid can be shown as,
[tex]\text{Ammonia (aq) + nitric acid} \rightarrow \text{Ammonium nitrate (aq)}[/tex]
Its molecular reaction can be shown as,
[tex]\rm NH_{3} (aq) + HNO_{3} (aq) \rightarrow NH_{4} NO_{3}[/tex]
The dissociation of the ions can be shown as,
[tex]\rm HNO_{3} \rightarrow H^{+} + NO_{3}^{-}[/tex]
[tex]\rm NH_{4} NO_{3} \rightarrow NH_{4}^{+} + NO_{3}^{-}[/tex]
The total ionic reaction will be,
[tex]\rm NH_{3} (aq) + H^{+} (aq) + NO_{3}^{+}(aq) \rightarrow NH_{4}^{+}(aq) + NO_{3}^{-} (aq)[/tex]
The total net ionic reaction can be shown as,
[tex]\rm NH_{3} (aq) + H^{+} (aq) \rightarrow NH_{4}^{+} (aq)[/tex]
Therefore, option D. [tex]\rm NH_{3} (aq) + H^{+} (aq) \rightarrow NH_{4}^{+} (aq)[/tex] is the net ionic reaction.
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A 75.0-liter canister contains 15.82 moles of argon at a pressure of 546.8 kilopascals. What is the temperature of the canister?
Answer:
312 KExplanation:
1) Data:
a) V = 75.0 liter
b) n = 15.82 mol
c) p = 546.8 kPa
d) T = ?
2) Formula:
Ideal gas equation: pV = nRTWhere:
n = number of molesV = volumep = absolute pressureT = absolute temperatureR = Universal Gas constat: 8.314 kPa - liter / K-mol3) Solution:
a) Solve the equation for T:
T = pV / (nR)b) Substitute and compute:
T = 546.8 kPa × 75.0 l iter / (15.82 mol × 8.314 kPa-liter/K-mol) = 312 K(since the volume is expressed with 3 significant figures, the answer must show also 3 significant figures)
What is the function of the cell membrane? (4 points) To add structure and support to the shape of the cell To control what substances enter and leave the cell To monitor the amount of glucose needed by the cell To prevent waste from entering and leaving the cell
Answer:
To control what substances enter and leave the cell
Explanation:
The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles. In this way, it is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules.
Answer:
To control what substances enter and leave the cell
Explanation:
Compound MN decomposes to form M and N in a reaction that is first-order with respect to MN and first order overall. The half-life for the reaction is 2.3 × 10^4 s. What is the rate constant of this reaction at 25°C? MN → M + N a) 3.0 × 10^3 s
b) 1.6 × 10^(–4) s^(–1)
c) 3.0 × 10^(–5) s^(–1)
d) 3.3 × 10^(–4) s^(–1)
Answer:
Option c) 3.0 × 10 ⁻⁵ s⁻¹Explanation:
The reaction given follows this pattern:
1) Decomposition reaction:
MN → M + N2) First-order kinetic with respect to MN and first-order overall:
Rate: r = - d{MN]/ dt = k [MN]Integration: -d[MN] / [MN] = kdtSolution:
[tex]ln\frac{[MN]}{[MN]_0}=-kt[/tex]
Half-life time: [MN]/[MN]o= 1/2t = τ
∴ τ = ln(2) / k ⇒ k = ln (2) / τ = ln(2) / 2.3 × 10⁴ s / ln(2) = 3.0 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹
The rate constant for a first-order reaction can be calculated using the half-life of the reaction. In this case, the rate constant for the given reaction at 25°C is 3.0 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹.So,option c is correct.
The rate law for a first-order reaction is given by: Rate = k[reactant]
The half-life of a first-order reaction can be calculated using the formula: t1/2 = 0.693 / k
Given that the half-life of the reaction is 2.3 × 10⁴s and it is first order overall, the rate constant can be calculated as k = 0.693 /[tex]t_{ 1/2}[/tex] = 0.693 / 2.3 × 10⁴ = 3.0 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹.
Some animals, like birds, reproduce by fusion of cells.
Before a bird hatches, what protects the bird as it develops?
A. the warmth of the sunlight
B. the thin shell of the egg
C. the nutrients from its mother's body
D .the hard shell of the egg
the hard shell off the egg
Answer: D
1+1is= Make that as a ?
Answer: The correct answer to this problem is 2.
Explanation:
We are given a mathematical problem, which is:
1 + 1 = ?
To solve this, we use the mathematical operator known as addition. In this, we add two numbers and the resulting value is the answer to the problem.
By adding 1 and 1, we get:
[tex]\Rightarrow 1+1=2[/tex]
Thus, the correct answer to this problem is 2.
1. For most of the 17 years in which he was active, the identity of the Unabomber remained a mystery.
True False
2. Polygraph machines measure physical changes in the body when the individual is asked 'yes' and 'no' questions.
True
False
3.False positives occur when the examinee tells the truth but his response is recorded as a lie.
True
False
Answer they are all true.
Explanation:
The Unabomber had no identity until he finally confessed in 1998. Therefore, the answer is true, (its almost like a trick question.)
The Polygraph machine does measure physical changes in the body, so the answer is true.
False positives are when the examinee tells a truth but it is recorded as a lie.
Which formula equation shows a reversible reaction? a. 2Na+F2–> 2NaF b. CaCO3–> CaO+CO2 c. NH4CI(s)—–NH3(g.+HCI(g. 2H2O2(aq)–pt—> 2H2O(I)+O2(g.?
Answer:
The choice c. NH₄CI(s) ⇄ NH₃(g) + HCI(g) is the reversible reaction.Explanation:
The formula equations given are:
a. 2Na + F₂ → 2NaF b. CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂ c. NH₄CI(s) ⇄ NH₃(g) + HCI(g)d. 2H₂O₂(aq) → 2H₂O(I)+O₂(g)
[there is also a Pt symbol over the arrow, which means that Pt
is a catalyst]
Reversible reactions are reactions that may happen in both directions, i.e. there is a direct or forward reaction and a reverse reaction.
The symbol used to show a reversible reaction is the double arrow (⇄).
The double arrow shows tha both left side substances and right side substances are reactants and products.
In the reaction NH₄CI(s) ⇄ NH₃(g) + HCI(g) you have:
NH₄CI(s) → NH₃(g) + HCI(g) is the direct reaction. In this, NH₄CI(s) is the reactant and NH₃(g) + HCI(g) are the products.NH₄CI(s) ← NH₃(g) + HCI(g) (notice the arrow goes from right to left) is the reverse reaction. In this, NH₄CI(s) is the product and both NH₃(g) and HCI(g) are the reactants.All the other equations are written with a single arrow, so they are not reversible reactions.
Answer:
just did edge test, got 100%:
C. NH4Cl(s)<-->NH3(g) + HCl(g)
Which statement best describes the electronegativity of an element?
A.
Electronegativity of an atom is its ability to lose electrons during cation formation.
B.
Electronegativity of an atom is its ability to share electrons during a covalent bond formation.
C.
Electronegativity of an atom is its ability to gain electrons during anion formation.
D.
Electronegativity of an atom is its ability to produce energy while losing an electron.
E.
Electronegativity of an atom is its ability to attract electrons during bond formation.
Hello!
Your answer is “e”
Electronegativity of an atom is it's ability to attract electrons during bond formation.
Answer: Option (E) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Electronegativity is defined as the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself while formation of bond.
For example, chlorine is electronegative in nature and hence it will readily combine with potassium atom as potassium has one extra electron in its valence shell.
[tex]K + Cl \rightarrow KCl[/tex]
Thus, we can conclude that electronegativity of an atom is its ability to attract electrons during bond formation.
Which of the following samples will have the greatest volume at STP?
22 g CO
22 g He
22 g O2
22 g Cl2
All of these samples would have the same volume at STP.
Answer:
The second choice: 22 g He will have the greatest volume at STPExplanation:
Following Avogadro's principle, under ideal condtions, the volume of the gases at the same conditions of temperature, and pressure, is proportional to the number of molecules.
Then, you can calculate the number of molecules for each of the gases to determine which is the sample with the greatest number of molecules and, hence, which will have the greatest volume at STP (standard temperature and pressure).
The formula to calcualte the number of molecules (in moles) is:
n = mass in grams / molar massThen, since the mass is the same (22 g) for the four options, the result will be dependent on the molar mass: the gass witht the smallest molar mass will give the largest number of moles for 22 g, and will have the greatest volume.
a) 22 g CO:
Molar mass of CO ≈ 28 g/molb) 22 g He:
Molar mass of He ≈ 4.0 g/molc) 22 g O₂
Molar mass of O₂ ≈ 32 g/mold) 22 g Cl₂
Molar mass of Cl₂ ≈ 71 g/molConclusion: since He has the smallest molar mass, the sample of 22 g of He gas will have the greatest volume at STP.
All the given samples, i.e., CO, He, O2, and Cl2, each having a mass of 22 grams would occupy the same volume at standard temperature and pressure (STP) due to Avogadro's Law. Each of these samples is equivalent to 0.5 moles and thus, would occupy the same volume.
Explanation:The volume of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP) is determined by the number of moles of the gas, not its mass. This is based on Avogadro's Law which states that equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules.
All of these samples are equivalent to 0.5 moles (given that the molar masses of CO, He, O2, and Cl2 are 28, 4, 32, and 71 g/mol respectively). Therefore, at STP (which is defined as a temperature of 273 K and a pressure of 1 atmosphere), each of these gas samples would occupy the same volume - about 11.2 liters (as a mole of any gas at STP occupies 22.4 liters).
So, the correct answer is that all these samples would have the same volume at STP.
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DOUBLE POINTS!!Please help ASAP!! 1 hour left !!
Explain the difference between temperature and heat. Also, state what determines the direction of heat transfer.
Everything helps !! Thanks in advance!! Giving brainliest!!
Temperature is a measurement of heat whereas heat is just an energy.
With that being said the heat is moving from hot to cold.
Answer:
Explanation:
So let's define both of these . these are two different things
Temperature : it's average kinetic energy of the particles within the system .
So if I increase the motion of particles ,the temperature will increase . If I decrease the motion of particles ,the temperature will decrease
Heat : it is the flow of energy due to temperature difference .
If I have a metal strip and I heat one side of it and the other side is cold then due to temperature difference ,heat will flow from the heated part of the metal strip to cold part of the strip.
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Heat only provides a direction of the flow of heat while temperature is just the average kinetic energy of the substance ( it has no direction .BUT here are some more differences :
Heat is measured by a device called caloriometer
Temperature is measured by Thermometer
Unit of heat : joules
Unit if temperature : Kelvin
When a 3.22 g sample of an unknown hydrate of sodium sulfate, Na2SO4 . X H2O (s), is heated, H2O (molar mass 18 g) is driven off. The mass of the anhydrous Na2SO4 (s) (molar mass 142 g) that remains is 1.42g. the value of X in the hydrate is
Answer:
[tex]\boxed{x = 10}[/tex]
Explanation:
This is like an empirical formula question, except that you are finding the molar ratio of compounds instead of atoms.
Step 1. Gather the information in one place.
M_r: 142 18
Na₂SO₄·xH₂O(s) ⟶ Na₂SO₄(s) + xH₂O(g)
m/g: 3.22 1.42
Step 2. Calculate the mass of the water
Mass of H₂O = mass of Na₂SO₄·xH₂O – mass of Na₂SO₄
= 3.22 – 1.42 = 1.80 g
Step 3. Calculate the moles of each product
Na₂SO₄: [tex]n = \text{1.42 g} \times \dfrac{\text{1 mol}}{\text{142 g}} = \text{0.0100 mol}[/tex]
H₂O: [tex]n = \text{1.80 g} \times \dfrac{\text{1 mol}}{\text{18 g}} = \text{0.100 mol}[/tex]
Step 4. Calculate the molar ratios
[tex]\dfrac{\text{moles of Na$_{2}$SO$_{4}$}}{\text{moles of H$_{2}$O}} = \dfrac{0.0100}{0.100} = \dfrac{1}{10}[/tex]
[tex]\boxed{x = 10}[/tex] , so the formula of the compound is Na₂SO₄·10H₂O
Elements in group 17 are known as salt formers they are called
They are called earth alkali metals. Elements in groups 3 through 12 have many useful properties and are called transition metals. Elements in group 17 are known as “salt formers”. They are called halogens.
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Group 17 elements, known as halogens, include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Derived from Greek for "salt forming," they are highly reactive and commonly found in nature as halide salts.
The elements in Group 17 are known as the halogens, a term derived from the Greek words for "salt forming." They include fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine. Halogens have a distinctive chemical property; they react readily with metals to form compounds like sodium chloride and calcium chloride. Because of their reactivity with alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, they can form a wide range of halide salts.
The elements of Group 17 are characterized by having the general electron configuration ns²np⁵ with seven valence electrons, making them highly reactive as they are one electron short of having a full outer shell. While these elements do not occur freely in nature due to their reactivity, they are abundantly found as halide salts such as those in the mineral fluorspar, which consists mainly of calcium fluoride.
Arrange these elements according to electronegativity. Rb F Al N Na
Answer:
Rb, Na, Al, N, F
Explanation:
Rb has an EN of 0.8, Na with 0.9 EN, Al with 1.5 EN, N with 3.0 EN, and F with 4.0 EN.
The elements Rb, F, Al, N, and Na are arranged in order of increasing electronegativity as Rb < Na < Al < N < F. Fluorine is the most electronegative while Rubidium is the least.
Explanation:Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons. In general, electronegativity increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group in the periodic table. Based on this trend, the elements Rb, F, Al, N, and Na can be arranged in order of increasing electronegativity as follows: Rb < Na < Al < N < F. It's important to note that Fluorine (F) is the most electronegative element on the periodic table, followed by Nitrogen (N). Al (Aluminum), Na (Sodium), and Rb (Rubidium) are less electronegative as you go from right to left and down the periodic table.
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The elements Rb, F, Al, N, and Na are arranged in order of increasing electronegativity as Rb < Na < Al < N < F. Fluorine is the most electronegative while Rubidium is the least.
Explanation:Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons. In general, electronegativity increases from left to right across a period and decreases down a group in the periodic table. Based on this trend, the elements Rb, F, Al, N, and Na can be arranged in order of increasing electronegativity as follows: Rb < Na < Al < N < F. It's important to note that Fluorine (F) is the most electronegative element on the periodic table, followed by Nitrogen (N). Al (Aluminum), Na (Sodium), and Rb (Rubidium) are less electronegative as you go from right to left and down the periodic table.
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A Sample Of Oxygen Gas Is Collected Over Water At 22°C And 98.67 KPa Pressure. If The Partial Pressure Of The Water Is 2.67 KPa, The Partial Pressure Of The Oxygen Is?
Answer:
The partial pressure of the oxygen gas is 96.00 KPaExplanation:
The law of partial pressures states that, in a mixture of gases, the total pressure of the mixture is equal to the sum of the individual pressures of each gas, as if each gas were alone in the mixture.
So:
Total pressure = ∑ individual pressuresTotal pressure = Partial pressure of the water + Partial pressure of oxygen98.67 KPa = 2.67 KPa + Partial pressure of oxygenPartial pressure of oxygen = 98.67 KPa - 2.67 KPaPartial pressure of oxygen = 96.00 KPa ← answera geologist concludes that a rock sample is an extrusive igneous rock. Based on this information, which statement about the rock is accurate?....please help me
Answer: The rock formed from cooling lava.
Explanation:Extrusive igneous rocks, also known as volcanic rocks, are formed at the crust's surface as a result of the partial melting of rocks within the mantle and crust.
A geologist concludes that a rock sample is an extrusive igneous rock.The rock formed from cooling lava is accurate.
What is Rock?A rock is a natural substance composed of solid crystals of different minerals that have been fused together into a solid lump. The minerals may or may not have been formed at the same timeThere are three kinds of rock: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.A geologist concludes that a rock sample is an extrusive igneous rock.The rock formed from cooling lava is accurate.
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What causes changes in weather? a. Air masses move and meet. c. Water evaporates. b. The air gets more humid. d. Clouds form.
Answer:
Air masses move and meet
Explanation:
The formation, movement, and collision of the air masses is one of the biggest and most noticeable changer of the weather conditions, be it locally, regionally, or globally. The air masses are constantly on the move, with the basic rule being - the heavier, denser air masses move toward the less dense, lighter air masses. Once they come in contact, the denser, heavier air masses push upward or backward the less dense, lighter air masses. The properties of the air masses depend on the place they have formed, so they can be dry, wet, cold, warm, and they are able to change the weather conditions literary in several minutes.
Answer:
Air masses move and meet
Explanation: