Scientists believe the first giraffes on Earth had shorter legs and a shorter neck than giraffes today. What can you conclude about these first giraffes?

Answer:

1. Allele

2. Dominant

3. Genotype

4. Heterozygous

5. Homozygous

6. Hybrid

Explanation:

Allele can be defined as a variation of a gene. A gene for a particular trait can come in different forms, depending on what was inherited from the parents. For example, freckles is a trait that can be inherited from a parent. One parent who has freckles and another without can still have children with or without freckles.

Dominant allele typically masks the recessive allele. This means that whatever the trait the dominant allele expresses, will show up physically, even when an organism possesses a recessive allele.

The genotype of an organism shows the genes. It is represented by letters. A capital letter usually represents the dominant trait, while a lower case latter represents the recessive trait. For example, F represents Freckles, while f represents no freckles. Freckles is the dominant trait while no freckles is the recessive trait.

When the genes or not identical, using the example above, Ff, this means that the organism is HETEROZYGOUS for the trait. In cases like this, the dominant trait is usually expressed. So in this organism with Ff, freckles will be expressed.

On the other hand when the genes are homozygous, it means that they have two alleles present for that specific trait. Again, using the example earlier:

FF = Freckles

ff = no freckles

Notice that the genotype shows the same allele for the specific trait.

When a cross between parents that has different phenotypes of a specific traits occurs, they create a hybrid. For example, FF x ff

If we cross this, the offsprings will have a genotype of Ff. Notice that the offspring genotype are not similar to the ones of the parents.

A, bacterial conjugation

Explanation:

I think it's this because in step 4, the things under the oval-ish circle looks like bacteria

C.

You don’t technically know how to use utensils you learn how to

Inherited behaviors are the genetic traits and attributes passed from parent to offspring. Humans eating with utensils are not an inherited behavior. Thus, option C is correct.

An inherited behavior is the characteristic passed from the parent to the progenies in the form of genetic material. Mouse burrowing and Canada geese migrating are inherited attributes necessary for their survival.

The white shark swimming is also inherited as they cannot live on land and is their specialty. But humans eating in utensils are not inherited but are learned behavior.

Therefore, humans eating with utensils are learned behavior.

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Positive, since it is a sustainable plan to use a renewable resource.

The local lumber business, with this move, is doing good both, to the business itself, and to the environment. Since the amount of trees that will be cut, is immediately replaced with saplings that are taken care of, the lumber business is creating a sustainable business for the future, and also it is creating a renewable resource. The environment will also benefit from this, because the lumber business will only use certain amount of wooded area because it will have new wood constantly on the same area it is using, thus they will not have the need to spread out on a larger area and destroy the environment.

The new strategy's impact on the environment is less damaging and more sustainable than clear-cutting. It aims to generate economic output whilst minimising environmental damage by using methods like selective logging and efficient farming.

Compared to the old method of clear-cutting, the new strategy's potential impact on the environment can best be described as more sustainable and less damaging. Clear-cutting or total deforestation, historically used by early settlers in places like New England, would involve removing old growth trees entirely which results in serious environmental degradation such as habitat loss, reduced biodiversity, and soil erosion.

On the contrary, new methods aim to achieve economical output (for example, growing corn in Sherwood's forest) without excessively harming environments. These strategies might include selective logging, preserving certain habitats, and using more efficient farming methods that minimize environmental degradation. Therefore, the new strategy is less destructive and more considerate of the environment than clear-cutting.

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The two most likely effects of red foxes going extinct in the Yellowstone National Park food web would be an increase in the gray wolf population and a decrease in biodiversity.

If red foxes were to go extinct in the food web of Yellowstone National Park, there would be two likely effects on the ecosystem:

1. Increased gray wolf population: Red foxes are natural predators of small mammals like rodents and rabbits, including snowshoe hares and red squirrels in this food web. Without red foxes, these primary consumers could potentially increase in number since their predator is no longer present. As a result, there would be more food available for the gray wolves, which are secondary consumers in this ecosystem. This could lead to an increase in the gray wolf population as they have a larger food supply.

2. Decreased biodiversity: Red foxes play a role in maintaining biodiversity within an ecosystem. They help regulate the populations of their prey, such as snowshoe hares and red squirrels, by keeping their numbers in check. Without the predation pressure from red foxes, the populations of these primary consumers could grow unchecked. This could have a negative impact on the overall balance of the ecosystem, potentially leading to a decrease in biodiversity. Other species in the food web may be affected as well, as the absence of red foxes could disrupt the natural interactions and relationships within the ecosystem.

Answer:

Boxwood shrubs are slow-growing plants with dark green glossy leaves. Some varieties have variegated leaves. Leaf shape depends on the variety; some are round while others are elliptical. They provide thick cover because the foliage begins close to the ground and is dense enough to block light.

Explanation:

English boxwoods are adaptive shrubs with ornamental features that can tolerate drought and poor soil. They have shallow root systems but can be vulnerable to diseases affecting the top of the shrub, requiring pruning of dead branches and sometimes removal if diseased. Other resilient ornamental shrubs can be used as replacements.

Boxwood shrubs can be found in a range of sizes and have a variety of adaptive features to survive in different environments. For example, they possess shallow, extensive root systems which allow them to thrive even in drought and poor soil conditions.

Problems with English boxwood can arise, often with severe damage to the top of the shrub appearing in the spring. It's recommended to prune out dead branches but to wait until June to confirm that the branches are indeed dead. In cases where disease is suspected, affected branches should be pruned out and samples should be submitted for laboratory analysis. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective disease management tactics, so removal of diseased boxwood may be necessary.

According to the information, the probability of the baby that will have brown eyes is found to be 75%.

The reference to having brown eyes is determined by the fact that Eye color is directly related to the amount of melanin in the front layers of the iris.

People with brown eyes have a large amount of melanin in the iris, while people with blue eyes have much less of this pigment. A particular region on chromosome 15 plays a major role in eye color.

According to the context of this question, brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue eyes (b). Due to this, the genotype of the father is Bb while the genotype of the mother is bb. When they are crossed, they produce offspring with the genotypes Bb, Bb, Bb, and bb. This means that 75% of the offspring possess brown eyes.

Therefore, according to the information, the probability of the baby that will have brown eyes is found to be 75%.

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Mammals,

Canids

Domestic Dogs, domestic cats, European badgers, foxes, wolves,

Fox, domestic dogs and cats, wolves have tail glands that help them identify individual animals.  

Explanation:

The violent gland or supracaudal tail gland is situated on the tail's upper surface. The tail gland consist of one hair per follicle which helps in recognizing the person from their own species. When you tend to compare the hair follicle in tail gland to numerous hair follicle it has only one hair follicle. The hair breaks off easily and it causes the area to become bald. The tail gland is developed more in the species which are solitary for example foxes.

Answer:

C. Most people will die from negative health effects associated with stroke as indoor dirty air builds up.

Explanation:

C is correct option because it shows the highest proportion of people's death caused by stroke. On the other options are not correct due to the following reasons:

A is incorrect because it says that people have a lower risk of dying from COPD. On the other hand, the graph shows that this is 3rd most abundant cause of deaths.

B is incorrect because deaths due to lung cancer are the lowest according to the graphical illustration.

D is incorrect because the proportion of developing acute lower respiratory infection and ischemic heart disease are not the same. Deaths due to ischemic heart disease are higher than the acute lower respiratory infection.

Answer:

C is the answer

Explanation:

Hope it helps

Substances that enter the cell without the expense of cellular ATP, but are too large to directly pass through the membrane, use cesicles in order to gain access to the inside of the cell.

Substances that enter the cell without the expense of cellular ATP, but are too large to directly pass through the membrane, use cesicles in order to gain access to the inside of the cell.

At the cellular level, energy is used and stored as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Adenine, ribose, and three serially bound phosphate groups make up the structure of ATP, which is a nucleoside triphosphate.

Since it stores readily usable energy in the connection between the second and third phosphate groups, ATP is frequently referred to as the "energy currency" of the cell.

The hydrolysis of ATP serves a wide range of cell functions, including DNA/RNA synthesis and signaling, in addition to producing energy. Energy for ATP production comes from a variety of catabolic processes, such as cellular respiration, beta-oxidation, and ketosis.

Therefore, Substances that enter the cell without the expense of cellular ATP, but are too large to directly pass through the membrane, use cesicles in order to gain access to the inside of the cell.

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Final answer:

Both Lamarck and Darwin attempted to explain the phenomenon of evolution by addressing 'What causes populations of organisms to change over time?' Darwin's theory of natural selection focused on heritable variations, while Lamarck's less accepted theory suggested inheritance of acquired traits.

Explanation:

The question both Lamarck and Darwin sought to answer with their theories of evolution is B: What causes populations of organisms to change over time?

Lamarck and Darwin were pioneering scientists in the field of biology who proposed different mechanisms to explain evolution, although Darwin's theory of natural selection is the one that has withstood scientific scrutiny and is widely accepted today. Darwin's theory proposes that populations evolve over time due to heritable variations that confer a survival or reproductive advantage in a given environment. These advantageous traits tend to become more common within the population across generations, leading to evolution. Conversely, Lamarck's theory, which is less accepted in the scientific community, suggested that traits acquired during an organism's lifetime could be passed on to its offspring.

It is important to note that while Darwin knew about heritable variations, he did not know about Mendel's laws of genetics and thus lacked the complete understanding of genetic inheritance which we have today. It was only after the rediscovery of Mendel's work that the modern synthesis of evolution occurred, integrating the principles of genetics with natural selection.

Answer:

The direction of motion is changing, so the car is accelerating. By Newton's second law, an unbalanced force must be acting on the car if it is accelerating.

Radish plants do not form nodules like bean roots. Although there are some similarities between radish and bean roots, there are also differences such as the size, thickness, and color of the roots.

Radish plants do not form nodules like bean roots do. Nodules are found on the roots of legume plants, such as beans and peas, and contain bacteria called Rhizobia that help fix atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form for the plant. Radishes, on the other hand, do not have this symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Despite the differences in nodules, there are some similarities between radish and bean roots. Both radish and bean roots have a primary root that grows vertically downward and numerous lateral roots that branch out horizontally. They also both have root hairs, which increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals from the soil.

However, there are also differences between radish and bean roots. For example, radish roots are typically shorter and thicker than bean roots. Radish roots also tend to be less fibrous compared to bean roots, which can be quite long and stringy. Additionally, radish roots are typically white or pink in color, while bean roots can range from white to brown.

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Yes, there may be a few nodules present on radish roots. Both radish and bean roots are taproots, meaning that they have a single, thick main root that goes deep into the soil. Radish roots are typically shorter and thicker than bean roots.

There are nodules present on radish roots.

However, they are less numerous and smaller than the nodules on bean roots.

Both radish and bean roots have a taproot system, meaning that they have a single, large root that grows deep into the ground.

Both radish and bean roots are fibrous, meaning that they have many fine, branching roots.

Both radish and bean roots have root hairs, which are microscopic extensions that help to absorb water and nutrients from the soil.

Both radish and bean roots are used by plants to store food and water.

Radish roots are typically shorter and wider than bean roots.

Radish roots are white or red in color, while bean roots are typically brown or black in color.

Radish roots are eaten as a root vegetable, while bean roots are not typically eaten.

Radish roots do not have the ability to fix nitrogen from the air, while bean roots do.

Size and shape: Radish roots are typically shorter and wider than bean roots.

This is because radish roots are adapted for storing food and water, while bean roots are adapted for absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.

Color: Radish roots are white or red in color, while bean roots are typically brown or black in color.

The color of radish roots is due to the presence of anthocyanins, which are pigments that also give other plants, such as blueberries and cranberries, their red and purple colors.

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Answer:

bacteria

Explanation:

They took a gene from a bacterium that provided resistance to the antibiotic kanamycin, inserted it into a plasmid and then induced other bacteria to incorporate the plasmid.

Bacteria were initially used for genetic engineering.

Hence, A option is correct.

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Increased temperature environmental effect of burning fossil fuels and pesticides from farming.

Temperature is the degree of hotness or coldness of a body.

Higher temperatures are worsening and cause many types of disasters like storms, heat waves, floods, and droughts. A warmer climate form an atmosphere that can accumulate, retain, and drop more water. Increase in temperature leaf to global warming.

Therefore, increased temperature environmental effect of burning fossil fuels and pesticides from farming.

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Answer:

Answer is C.

Explanation:

Maybe it's Reptiles, marsupials, dogs, and cats if its asking for all og them after it ot just one its Reptiles

hope this helps

Reptiles, marsupials, dogs, and cats. It goes from left to right, it has the common trait that is developed at the bottom of the diagram, so everything moving to the right is evolving with different traits.

Answer:

A class system is a more smooth system, caste is more of a system that changes consistently.

Explanation:

"Class system is typically more fluid than the caste system or the other types of stratification and the boundaries between classes are never clear-cut. Caste system is static whereas the class system is dynamic. ... In the caste system, individual mobility from one caste to another is impossible."

A class system is somewhat open and allows for social mobility based on individual accomplishments and social factors, while a caste system is a closed system where social standing is determined by birth and allows for little to no change in social position.

A class system is a way of stratifying society where people's positions are based on both social factors and individual accomplishments. This system is somewhat open and allows for vertical movement or social mobility based on factors like wealth, income, education, and occupation. A person in a class system, unlike in a caste system, can improve their position through personal choices and opportunities.

On the other hand, a caste system is a closed stratification system where social standing is determined by ascribed status or birth, meaning it allows little to no change in social position. This system regulates all aspects of an individual's life including occupations, housing, and even marriage partners. This system is entrenched in society, and individual interests and capabilities don't provide opportunities for improving their social standing.

The Hindu caste system in India, for example, is heavily based on religious beliefs about karma and reincarnation. Although caste-based discrimination is now illegal in India, the system is still deeply embedded, especially in rural areas. Today, India's cities and corporations offer more opportunities for career choices and merit-based hiring, gradually shifting societal expectations tied to the caste system.

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Answer:

Which of the following bacteria lack a cell wall and are therefore resistant to penicillin?

B. Mycoplasmas

The protein from which hook and filaments of flagella are composed of, is

B. flagellin

A cluster of polar flagella is called

A. lophotrichous

The cooci which mostly occur in single or pairs are

B. Diplococci

Flagella move the cell by

C. spinning like a propeller

Explanation:

Mycoplasmas are bacteria resistant to penicillin due to the lack of a cell wall. Hooks and filaments of flagella are composed of flagellin. A cluster of polar flagella is known as lophotrichous. Diplococci are coccimycetes that mostly occur in singles or pairs. Flagella move by spinning like a propeller.

The bacteria that lack a cell wall and are therefore resistant to penicillin are Mycoplasmas.

The protein from which the hook and filaments of flagella are composed of is flagellin.

A cluster of polar flagella is called lophotrichous.

The coccimycetes which mostly occur in singles or pairs are Diplococci.

Flagella move the cell by spinning like a propeller.

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Answer:

I Think the answer is option "C"

Explanation:

Some unicellular green algae, notably Chlorella, live within the cells of animals, imparting a green color to some sponges, hydras, and flatworms. The plant kingdom probably evolved from a green alga.

The Equator is the center of the earth, the closer you are the more sun you have

Your Answer is C

Answer:

C. equator  

Explanation:

The Equator is the center of the earth, the closer you are the more sun you have

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Pheromones a chemical substance produced and released into the environment by an animal, especially a mammal or an insect, affecting the behaviour or physiology of others of its species.

The most likely responsible for communicating the information to the wolf are pheromones. The correct option is B.

Pheromones can be chemicals that are released by the body and caught by another person. It gives the signal whether one person will be attached to someone or not.

In animals, pheromones are released to mark the territory or show love or hate, and the other animals catch the signal and work accordingly.

Thus, option B. pheromones is correct.

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Answer: D. All of the above

Explanation: If airplane, air pollution. If boat, oil spills. They need to clear trees and stuff for airplanes and boats, so that's habitat loss. So you're answer would be D. All of the above

All of the above are the environmental consequence of importing resources into the United States .

Option D

Explanation :

Importing resources through vehicles causes air pollution as the exhaust of the vehicles contains the toxic by-products of burnt fuel. Habitat loss is a result of importing woods from the forests like Amazon rainforest. And oil spills are the result from the spelling of oil on the surface of water in the sea during the import of oil through sea route on a ship. All of the activities related to important resources inside United State has the direct environmental consequences in one way or another.

I think that the answer to this is B-0.2s

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Answer:

Option A, It requires the destruction of embryos to use the stem cells in research.

Explanation:

In embryonic stem cell research, the stem cells are obtained from the blastula stage of embryo which causes its destruction. Embryo duting the blastula stage consists of two types of cells a) trophoblastic cell and b) inner cell mass. This inner cell mass contains the embryonic stem cell which is responsible for developing all the cells of the body and hence once this inner cell mass is destroyed no new cell is produced in the body and thus the embryo dies.

Answer:

Phanerozoic Eon is divided into three eras on the basis of prevailing climatic conditions on earth and dominant life forms present during the time.

Explanation:

The Phanerozoic Eon is divided into three eras namely the Paleozoic, the Mesozoic, and the Cenozoic era. The basis for classification of the Phanerozoic eon into three eras are the prevailing climatic conditions on earth and dominant life forms present during the time. Changes in climatic conditions of earth altered the species composition and dominant life forms present in each era.

Answer:

The eons are defined as the longest portion of the geological time scale, which records all the major distinct events that have taken place in the past. It's unit time is a billion years.

This eon is divided into 3 eras, namely-

(1) Paleozoic Era

(2) Mesozoic Era

(3) Cenozoic era

These eras are distinctly divided on the basis of the first appearance and disappearance of life forms on earth, which has been studied and determined through the study of the fossil assemblages that have been obtained. In addition to this, they are also classified based on the climatic variation that has favored the growth and expansion of different life forms that have occurred on earth in the geological past.

Answer:

About 540 to 490 million years ago

Explanation:

The Cambrian is the first and oldest division of the Paleozoic era on the geologic time scale. The other periods in the Paleozoic are the ordovician, silurian, devonian, carboniferous and permian. At the permian a mass extinction occured.

The cambrian is marked with the evolution of lot of life and it is typified by the presence and dominance of trilobites.

I would say

a. biological pest control

biological pest control is when  other plants or animals are used to control pests. There are no chemicals used only the natural roles of the environment.

Hope this helped!

Answer: a. biological pest control

Explanation:

Biological pest control is the process of controlling the colonization of disease causing agent by a biological agent like insect, animal, microbe or other living being.

According to the given situation the nematodes are biological control agent which controls the growth of mole crickets. Therefore, biological pest control is the correct option.

Horseshoe crab is an example of living fossil because there are fossil extinct of ancestors of horseshoe crabs, and the species still alive today. Horseshoe crab has been around for so long; it has survived mass extinction and it is still around.  

Horseshoe crab is considered living fossils because they have existed unchanged for about 445 million years. They are usually not crab; they are not closely related to lobsters or crab. Horseshoe crab is very closely related to spiders and other arachnids.

Generally, there are four species of horseshoe crab that is living today but one out of the species, called Limulus polyphemus can be found in North America. It is found near the Atlantic and gulf coast: from Maine to Mexico.

Horseshoe crab looks is almost the same with their ancient relatives despite the fact that they have been around for so long.  Their body structure is tank-like, which is made of:

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Answer:

A.

Explanation:

There are fossils of extinct ancestors of horseshoe crabs, and the species is still alive today.

Answer:

The microscopic image shown in the figure is a coccus.

Explanation:

Bacteria generally exists in different forms or shapes. Based on shape they are categorized as:

Cocci (coccus is singular) - spherical in shape

Bacilli (bacillus is singular) - rod shaped bacteria

Spirillum - twisted shaped bacteria

Nucleoid means nucleus like or you can say irregular shaped bacteria.

If a bacteria exists in many different shapes then we call it as pleomorphic.

The bacterial form shown in the image is Coccos.

Bacteria can present themselves in different ways, such as:

Bacillus: rod-shaped

Coccos: spherical shape

Spirillum: helical shape

Nucleoid: irregular shaped

So, the bacterial form shown in the image is Coccos.

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Answer:

The correct answer is Retroviruses.

Explanation:

A virus having RNA as genetic material known as Retroviruses. These viruses have an enzyme, reverse transcriptase. Reverse transcriptase provides them the unique feature of transcribing RNA into DNA after the invasion into the host cell.

Retroviruses cells are either double-stranded DNA or single-stranded RNA. The examples of retroviruses are HIV, human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and human T-lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-II).

The type of virus that uses RNA and not DNA as it's genetic material is Retroviruses

Retroviruses are virus that has RNA as its genetic material. Retrovirus has enzymes called reverse transcriptase. Reverse transcriptase is an enzymes which catalyzes the formation of RNA from a DNA template during a process called reverse transcription.  

A Retrovirus is a virus that belongs of the viral family called Retroviridae. It refers to a virus whose gene is encoded in RNA and not DNA.  For Retroviruses to make copies of themselves, they need to make use of the organisms they infect. Though, infections by retrovirus involve many more steps. Retrovirus genome must be reverse-transcriptase into DNA before it can be copied in the normal way.

By using reverse transcription, retrovirus changes their single-stranded RNA to double-stranded DNA. The DNA stores the genome of the human cell as well as the cells from higher life forms.  

The moment there is a transformation from RNA to DNA, the viral DNA will be integrated into genome of the cells that are infected, then DNA versions of the retroviral genes when incorporated into the genome will tricked down the cell into copying the gene as part of the replication process.  

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