Answer:
A. Both firm A and firm B choose the low price.
Explanation:
In a strategy of this form, it is said that both firm A and B chose the same pricing strategies which is of high and low.
In other words , a payoff matrix is defined as a visual representation of all the possible outcomes that can occur when two people or groups have to make a strategic decision. The decision is referred to as a strategic decision because each decision maker has to take into consideration how their choice will affect their opponent's choice and how their opponent's choice will affect their own choice. The payoff matrix illustrates each possible strategy that one side can choose, as well as every combination of outcomes that are possible based on each opponent's choice.
matt purchased a 20 year par value bond with 8 semiannual coupon at a price of 1772.25. The bond can be called at par value X on any coupon date startinga t the end of year 15. The price guarantees that Matt will receive a nominal semiannual yield of at least 6%. Bert purchases a 20-year par value bond identical to the one purchased by Matt, eexcept that it is not callable. Assume a nominal semiannual yield of 6%, the cost of the bond puirchased by Bert is P. Calculate P.
Answer:
The cost of the bond purchased = $ 1,440
Explanation:
Since the coupon rate of 8% is greater than the yield to maturity (YTM) of 6% annually, the bond is selling at a premium. Hence, the bond will be called at the earliest i.e. 15 years.
Coupon = Call Price * Semi-annual coupon rate = X * [0.08 / 2] = X * 0.04
Yield to call = 6% annually = 3% (half a year).
Time = 15 years * 2 = 30
Current Price of bond = Coupon * [1 - (1 + YTC)-call date] / YTC + Call Price / (1 + YTC) call date
1,722.25 = [X * 0.04] * [1 - (1 + 0.03)-30] / 0.03 + [X / (1 + 0.03)30]
1,722.25 = [X * 0.04] * 19.60 + [X * 0.41]
1,722.25 = X * [(0.04 * 19.60) + 0.41]
1,722.25 = X * 1.194
X = 1,722.25 / 1.194
X = $ 1,442.42
X = $ 1,440
Thus, the cost of the bond purchased = $ 1,440
The balance in retained earnings at December 31, 2017 was $1,440,000 and at December 31, 2018 was $1,164,000. Net income for 2018 was $1,000,000. A stock dividend was declared and distributed which increased common stock $500,000 and paid-in capital $220,000. A cash dividend was declared and paid. Reference: Ref 23-4 The amount of the cash dividend was A. $496,000. B. $1,276,000. C. $556,000. D. $776,000.
Answer:
The correct answer is Option C.
Explanation:
Movement in retained earnings is as follows:
Balance, beginning of the year $1,440,000
Net income $1,000,000
Stock dividend declared and distributed ($720,000)
Cash dividend paid (XXXX)
Balance, end of the year $1,164,000
The cash dividend paid is a balancing figure and it is to be subtracted from the retained earnings. The amount is $556,000. That is, $1,164,000 - $1,720,000.
On January 2, 2021, Sunland Company issued at par $9900 of 5% bonds convertible in total into 1000 shares of Sunland's common stock. No bonds were converted during 2021. Throughout 2021, Sunland had 1000 shares of common stock outstanding. Sunland's 2021 net income was $4500, and its income tax rate is 25%. No potentially dilutive securities other than the convertible bonds were outstanding during 2021.
Sunland's diluted earnings per share for 2021 would be (rounded to the nearest penny) _____.
Answer:
$2.44 per share
Explanation:
The computation of diluted earnings per share is shown below:-
Savings in interest if bonds are converted net of tax
= (9900 × 0.05) × (1 - 0.25)
$495 × 0.75
= $371.25
If bonds are converted the total earnings = $4,500 + $371.25
= $4,871.25
Total shares outstanding = 1,000 + 1,000
= 2,000
Diluted Earning per share = Total earning ÷ Total shares outstanding
= $4871.25 ÷ 2,000
= $2.44 per share
So, for computing the diluted earning per share we simply divide total earnings by total shares outstanding.
BC Corporation has 2.8 million shares of stock outstanding. The stock currently sells for $50 per share. The firm’s debt is publically traded and was recently quoted at 95 percent of its face value. It has a total face value of $10 million, and it is currently priced to yield 12 percent. The risk-free rate is 5 percent, and the market risk premium is 7 percent. You’ve estimated that ABC has a beta of 1.25. If the corporate tax rate is 35 percent, what is the WACC of ABC Corporation?
Answer:
The WACC is 13.37%
Explanation:
The WACC or weighted average cost of capital is the cost of a firm's capital structure. The capital structure is made up of debt, preferred stock and common stock. In this question, there are only two components present in the capital structure i.e. debt and common stock.
The formula for WACC is,
WACC = wD * rD * (1 - tax rate) + wE * rE
Where,
w represents the weight of each component in the capital structure or value of each component as a proportion of total assetsr represents the cost of each componentwe take after tax cost of debt. So we multiply cost of debt by (1 - tax rate)We first need to determine the cost of equity using the CAPM,
rE = 0.05 + 1.25 * 0.07 = 0.1375 or 13.75%
We know that assets = debt + equity
Assets = (0.95 * 10) + (2.8 * 50)
Assets = 9.5 + 140
Assets = 149.5 million
The WACC for ABC is:
WACC = 9.5/149.5 * 0.12 * (1 - 0.35) + 140/149.5 * 0.1375
WACC = 0.1337 or 13.37%
Last year, Nikkola Company had net sales of $2,299,500,000 and cost of goods sold of $1,755,000,000. Nikkola had the following balances: January 1 December 31 Accounts receivable $142,650,000 $172,350,000 Inventory 54,374,200 62,625,800 Required: Note: Round answers to one decimal place. Assume 365 days per year. 1. Calculate the average accounts receivable.
Answer:
Average receivables = $157,500,000
Explanation:
Account receivable represent the amount of credit made by a business which remain uncollected as at the reporting date. In other words, they represent the amount that customers are owing the business in respect of credit sales.
Average account receivables
=(opening balance + closing balance)/2
=( $142,650,000 + $172,350,000)/2
= 157,500,000.
Western Electric has 26,500 shares of common stock outstanding at a price per share of $68 and a rate of return of 13.55 percent. The firm has 6,750 shares of 6.70 percent preferred stock outstanding at a price of $89.50 per share. The preferred stock has a par value of $100. The outstanding debt has a total face value of $371,000 and currently sells for 105.5 percent of face. The yield to maturity on the debt is 7.75 percent. What is the firm's weighted average cost of capital if the tax rate is 39 percent?
Answer:
11.12%
Explanation:
Computation of the given data are as follow:-
Value of Common Stock= 26,500 × $68 = $1,802,000
Value of Preferred Stock = 6,750 × $89.50 =$604,125
Outstanding Debt = Total Face Value of Debt × Current Sale Percent
= $371,000 × 105.5 ÷ 100 = $391,405
Total Value = Value of Common Stock + Value of Preferred Stock + Outstanding Debt
= $1,802,000 + $604,125 + $391,405
=$2,797,530
Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) = (Common Stock ÷ Total Value) × Rate of Return of Common Stock + (Preferred Stock ÷ Total Value) × Fixed Dividend Rate of Preferred Stock × 100 ÷ Preferred Stock Price + (Outstanding Debt ÷ Total Value) × Yield of Maturity of Debt × (1 - Wacc Rate)
= ( $1,802,000 ÷ $2,797,530) × 0.136 + ($604,125$ ÷ $2,797,530) × 0.067 × 100 ÷ $89.50 + ($391,405 ÷ $2,797,530) × 0.0775 × (1 -.39)
= 0.088 + 0.0162 + 0.007
= 0.1112 or 11.12%
L.A. Clothing has expected earnings before interest and taxes of $1,900, an unlevered cost of capital of 16 percent and a tax rate of 34 percent. The company also has $2,600 of debt that carries a 7 percent coupon. The debt is selling at par value. What is the value of this firm
Answer:
$8,721.5
Explanation:
As per the question details provided, we are required to calculate the value of levered firm. Difference between the levered and unlevered firm is that the levered firm compromises of both the equity and debt in its valuation while the unlevered firm only has equity and no debt.
Therefore, the value of levered firm is the sum of the value of unlevered firm and the tax shield available to firm as interest expense on the debt which is tax deductible. The calculation is as follows:
Value of Unlevered Firm (VU) = {Expected Earnings x (1 - Tax Rate)} / Cost of capital
VU = [$1,900 x (1 - .34)]/.16 = $7,837.5
Value of Levered Firm (VL) = VU + Tax Rate (Debt Value)
VL = $7,837.5 + .34 ($2,600) = $8,721.5
Hence, value of the firm is $8,721.5
9) Napier Co. provided the following information on selected transactions during 2018: Purchase of land by issuing bonds $1,000,000 Proceeds from issuing bonds 3,000,000 Purchases of inventory 3,800,000 Purchases of treasury stock 600,000 Loans made to affiliated corporations 1,400,000 Dividends paid to preferred stockholders 400,000 Proceeds from issuing preferred stock 1,600,000 Proceeds from sale of equipment 300,000 The net cash provided (used) by investing activities during 2018 is
Final answer:
The net cash provided (used) by investing activities during 2018 is -$1,900,000.
Explanation:
The net cash provided (used) by investing activities during 2018 can be calculated by summing up the cash inflows and subtracting the cash outflows. In this case, the cash inflows include the proceeds from issuing bonds ($3,000,000), the proceeds from issuing preferred stock ($1,600,000), and the proceeds from the sale of equipment ($300,000), which total $4,900,000. The cash outflows include the purchase of land by issuing bonds ($1,000,000), the purchases of inventory ($3,800,000), the purchases of treasury stock ($600,000), and the loans made to affiliated corporations ($1,400,000), which total $6,800,000. Therefore, the net cash provided (used) by investing activities during 2018 is $(6,800,000 - 4,900,000) = -$1,900,000.
Teller Co. is planning to sell 900 boxes of ceramic tile, with production estimated at 870 boxes during May. Each box of tile requires 44 pounds of clay mix and a quarter hour of direct labor. Clay mix costs $0.40 per pound and employees of the company are paid $12.00 per hour. Manufacturing overhead is applied at a rate of 110% of direct labor costs. Teller has 3,900 pounds of clay mix in beginning inventory and wants to have 4,500 pounds in ending inventory. What is the total amount to be budgeted in pounds for direct materials to be purchased for the month? g
Answer:
38880
Explanation:
Budgeted sales -870 boxes
Each box requires 44 pounds of clay
Opening inventory of clay = 3900 pounds
Closing inventory of clay = 4500 pounds
Clay mix cost - $0.40
Labor rate = $12/hr
Monthly purchase = budgeted sales + closing inventory - opening inventory
(870*44) + 3900 - 4500
38280 +4500 - 3900 = 38,880
What should the project manager of a team do to successfully manage a team? The project manager should train team members on -related activities and skills.
Answer:
This is correct, along with some other things a project manager could do.
Explanation:
Answer: 1.project
2.communication
Explanation:
got it right on plato/edmentum ;)
Lola owns a one-half interest in the Lenax LLC. Her basis in this ownership interest is $22,000 on December 31, 2016, after accounting for the calendar year LLC’s 2016 operations. On that date, the LLC distributes $25,000 cash to Lola in a proportionate nonliquidating distribution.She recognizes a $___________ from this distribution.
Answer:
The answer is Lola should acknowledge a $3,000 from this distribution.
Explanation:
From the question given, we say that, Lola should acknowledge a $3,000 from this distribution.
Recall that
The Cash Distributed cash = $ 25,000
The Basis in this ownership of interest is = $22,000
The Gain = $3,000
Lola basis after the distribution is zero.
Therefore Lola should accept this distribution of a $ 3000
Moreno Company purchased equipment for $900,000 on January 1, 2017, and will use the double-declining-balance method of depreciation. It is estimated that the equipment will have a 3-year life and a $40,000 salvage value at the end of its useful life. The amount of depreciation expense recognized in the year 2019 will be
a.$100,000.
b.$60,000.
c.$108,880.
Answer:
b.$60,000.
Explanation:
First we have to find the depreciation rate which is shown below:
= One ÷ useful life
= 1 ÷ 3
= 33.33%
Now the rate is double So, 66.66%
In year 1, the original cost is $900,000, so the depreciation is $600,000 after applying the 66.66% depreciation rate
And, in year 2, the $200,000 ($900,000 - $600,000) × 66.66%
And, in year 3 it is ($100,000 - $40,000) = $60,000
The $100,000 is come from
= $900,000 - $600,000 - $200,000
= $100,000
The depreciation expense for the year 2019 using the double-declining balance method for Moreno Company's equipment is $0, as the book value has reached the salvage value in the previous year.
Explanation:The question is asking to calculate the depreciation expense for the year 2019 using the double-declining-balance method for a piece of equipment. To compute the depreciation expense for 2019, we start by calculating the annual depreciation rate. Given a 3-year life, the straight-line depreciation rate would be 1/3 (or 33.33%), but since we are using the double-declining-balance method, we double that rate to get 66.66%. We apply this rate to the book value at the beginning of each year minus the salvage value.
First-year depreciation (2017): $900,000 * 66.66% = $600,000
After the first year, the book value is $900,000 - $600,000 = $300,000
Second-year depreciation (2018): $300,000 * 66.66% = $200,000 (but capped to reduce to salvage value, hence $260,000)
The book value at the beginning of 2019 is $40,000 (salvage value).
Considering the salvage value has been reached, we cannot depreciate the asset further. Therefore, the depreciation expense for 2019 is $0. None of the provided options (a. $100,000, b. $60,000, c. $108,880) are correct.
Garden Variety Flower Shop uses 670 clay pots a month. The pots are purchased at $2.40 each. Annual carrying costs per pot are estimated to be 10 percent of cost, and ordering costs are $10 per order. The manager has been using an order size of 2,000 flower pots. a. What additional annual cost is the shop incurring by staying with this order size? (Round your optimal order quantity to the nearest whole number. Round all other intermediate calculations and your final answer to 2 decimal places. Omit the "$" sign in your response.)Additional annual cost $_____________b. Other than cost savings, what benefit would using the optimal order quantity yield (relative to the order size of 2,000)? (Use the rounded order quantity from Part a. Round your final answer to the nearest whole percent. Omit the "%" sign in your response.) About ________ % of the storage space would be needed.
Answer and Explanation:
For computing the additional cost and the percentage of the storage space first we have to determine the economic order quantity and the total cost which is shown below:
Economic order quantity
[tex]= \sqrt{\frac{2\times \text{Annual demand}\times \text{Ordering cost}}{\text{Carrying cost}}}[/tex]
[tex]= \sqrt{\frac{2\times \text{8,040}\times \text{\$10}}{\text{\$0.24}}}[/tex]
= 819 units
The annual demand is
= 670 per month × 12 months
= 8,070
And, the carrying cost is
= $2.40 × 10%
= $0.24
Now The total cost of ordering cost and carrying cost based on economic order quantity
= Annual ordering cost + Annual carrying cost
= Annual demand ÷ Economic order quantity × ordering cost per order + Economic order quantity ÷ 2 × carrying cost per unit
= 8,070 ÷ 819 × $10 + 819 ÷ 2 × $0.24
= $98.53 + $98.28
= $196.81
And, The total cost of ordering cost and carrying cost based on order size
= Annual ordering cost + Annual carrying cost
= Annual demand ÷ Economic order quantity × ordering cost per order + Economic order quantity ÷ 2 × carrying cost per unit
= 8,070 ÷ 2,000 × $10 +2,000 ÷ 2 × $0.24
= $40.35 + $240
= $280.35
So the cost saving is
= $280.35 - $196.81
= $83.54
And we Assume that 2,000 units occupied the 100% space
Hence, 1 unit will occupy
= 1 ÷ 2,000
= 0.05% of the space
Therefore in case of economic order quantity the percentage will occupy
= 819 × .05
= 40.95% of the space i.e 41%
And, in case saving of space is 59 in case of ordering of economic order quantity rather than order size i.e 2,000 units
The optimal order quantity (EOQ) for the flower shop is found to be 1,464 pots, which is less than the currently used order size. This results in additional cost due to the excess inventory being ordered and stored. Using the EOQ not only saves cost but also reduces the storage space needed by about 27%.
Explanation:To answer this question, it is best to first calculate the optimal order quantity (EOQ) which minimizes the total inventory cost. The EOQ formula is √((2SD) / H) where: S = ordering costs per order, D = annual demand, and H = holding or carrying costs per unit per year. The EOQ is a key part of inventory management in business.
For this scenario, S = $10, D = 670 pots * 12 months = 8040 pots, and H = 10% * $2.40 = $0.24. So, EOQ = √((2 * $10 * 8040) / $0.24) = 1,464 pots (rounded to the nearest whole number).
The manager has been ordering 2,000 pots at a time, so there is an additional annual cost incurred due to the excess pots getting ordered and stored. This additional cost can be found by calculating the difference in total costs between the currently used order size (2,000 pots) and the optimal order size (1,464 pots).
For part b, the benefit of using the EOQ is that it results in reduced storage space. Since the EOQ is lower than the current order size, the storage space needed would be proportionally lower. The reduction in storage space needed would be (1 - (EOQ/current order size)) * 100%, or about 27% less storage space is needed.
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Which of the following best describes an enterprise system? Select one: a. It captures data from company transactions and other key events, and then updates the firm’s records, which are maintained in electronic files or databases. b. It enables the sharing of information across all business functions and all levels of management. c. It includes information systems that improve communications and support collaboration among the members of a workgroup. d. It encompasses a number of computer-enhanced learning techniques, including computer-based simulations, multimedia DVDs, Web-based learning materials, hypermedia, podcasts, and Webcasts.
Answer:
b. It enables the sharing of information across all business functions and all levels of management.
Explanation:
An enterprise system enables the sharing of information across all business functions and all levels of management.
Enterprise systems usually comprises of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Product Life-cycle Management (PLM). It generally enables proper planning of the resources of an organization with coordination and integration of essential business processes.
An enterprise system is a comprehensive software application that captures and updates data from company transactions, improving efficiency and communication across all levels of management.
Explanation:An enterprise system refers to a comprehensive software application that integrates various business functions and processes within an organization. It captures data from company transactions and other key events, updating the firm's records, which are maintained in electronic files or databases. This helps in improving efficiency, communication, and decision-making across all levels of management.
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Milano Gallery purchases the copyright on an oil painting for $480,000 on January 1, 2017. The copyright legally protects its owner for 12 more years. The company plans to market and sell prints of the original for 19 years. Prepare entries to record the purchase of the copyright on January 1, 2017, and its annual amortization on December 31, 2017.
Answer:
Jan.1
Dr Copyright 480,000
Cr Cash 480,000
Dec.31
Dr Amortization Expense - Copyright 40,000
Cr Accumulated Amortization - Copyright 40,000
Explanation:
Milano Gallery Journal entry
Jan.1
Dr Copyright 480,000
Cr Cash 480,000
Dec.31
Dr Amortization Expense - Copyright 40,000
Cr Accumulated Amortization - Copyright 40,000
Amortization Expense of Copyright ($480,000 / 12 years)
=$40,000
Production costs (20,900 units): Direct materials $176,800 Direct labor 235,700 Variable factory overhead 240,300 Fixed factory overhead 102,900 $755,700 Operating expenses: Variable operating expenses $132,000 Fixed operating expenses 43,400 175,400 If 1,900 units remain unsold at the end of the month and sales total $1,158,000 for the month, what would be the amount of income from operations reported on the absorption costing income statement
Answer:
income from operations is $295,604
Explanation:
Absorption Costing included both the Variable and Fixed Manufacturing overheads in product cost.
All Non-Manufacturing Costs are treated as period costs
Total Manufacturing Cost = 176,800 + 235,700 + 240,300 + 102,900
= 755,700
Product Cost = Total Manufacturing Costs / Total Units of Production
= $755,700/ 20,900 units
= $ 36.16
absorption costing income statement
Sales $1,158,000
Less Cost of Goods Sold
Opening Stock 0
Add Cost of Goods Manufactured $755,700
Less Closing Stock ($ 36.16×1,900 units) ($68,704) ($686,996)
Gross Profit $471,004
Less Expenses
Operating expenses: Variable operating expenses ($132,000)
Fixed operating expenses ($43,400)
Net Income $295,604
Therefore, income from operations is $295,604
Maria Corporation purchased $720,000 of its bonds on June 30, 2020, at 103 and immediately retired them. The carrying value of the bonds on the retirement date was $675,000. The bonds pay annual interest and the interest payment due on June 30, 2020, has been made and recorded. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually.) Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit June 30 enter an account title enter a debit amount enter a credit amount enter an account title enter a debit amount enter a credit amount enter an account title enter a debit amount enter a credit amount enter an account title enter a debit amount enter a credit amount Blue Spruce, Inc., purchased $352,000 of its bonds at 98 on June 30, 2020, and immediately retired them. The carrying value of the bonds on the retirement date was $350,000. The bonds pay annual interest and the interest payment due on June 30, 2020, has been made and recorded. (Credit account titles are automatically indented when the amount is entered. Do not indent manually.) Date Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit June 30 enter an account title enter a debit amount enter a credit amount enter an account title enter a debit amount enter a credit amount enter an account title enter a debit amount enter a credit amount enter an account title enter a debit amount enter a credit amount
Answer:
A.Maria Corporation Journal entry
June30
Dr Bonds Payable 675,000
Dr Loss on Bond Redemption 66,600
Cr Cash 741,600
B.Spruce, Inc. Journal entry
June30
Dr Bonds Payable 350,000
Dr Gain on Bond Redemption 5,040
Cr Cash 344,960
Explanation:
A. Maria Corporation Journal entry
June 30, 2020
Dr Bonds Payable 675,000
Dr Loss on Bond Redemption 66,600
Cr Cash 741,600
($720,000 × 103% )
B.Spruce, Inc. Journal entry
June 30, 2020
Dr Bonds Payable 350,000
Dr Gain on Bond Redemption 5,040
Cr Cash 344,960
($352,000 × 98%)
Answer:
First bond:
dr notes payable $720,000
dr loss on bond redemption $66,600
cr discount on notes payable $45,000
cr cash $741,600
second bond:
dr notes payable $350,000
cr premium on bonds payable $2,000
cr cash $343,000
cr gain on bond redemption $5,000
Explanation:
The discount balance outstanding on the first bond is the face value of $720,000 minus the carrying value of $675,000,i.e $45,000($720,000-$675,000).
The amount of cash paid on redemption is $720,000*103%=$741,600
The outstanding premium on the second is $2,000($352,000-$350,000)
The amount of cash paid was $343,000( $350,000*98%)
Dartmouth Corporation has provided its contribution format income statement for June. The company produces and sells a single product. Sales (2,800 units) $ 263,200 Variable costs 106,400 Contribution margin 156,800 Fixed costs 135,000 Operating profit $ 21,800 If the company sells 3,000 units, its total contribution margin should be closest to: $23,357. $175,600. $156,800. $168,000.
Answer:
$168,000
Explanation:
Given
Dartmouth Corporation
Contribution format Income Statement
For the month of June.
Sales (2,800 units) $ 263,200
Variable costs 106,400
Contribution margin 156,800
Fixed costs 135,000
Operating profit $ 21,800
We calculated the sales revenue and the variable costs by dividing the total costs with the number of units and multiplying it with 3000 units to get contribution margin for 3000 units.
Calculated.
Dartmouth Corporation
Contribution format Income Statement
For the month of June.
Sales ( 3000 units) ($ 263,200 / 2800) * 3000= $ 282000
Variable costs (106,400 / 2800) * 3000= $ 114000
Contribution margin $ 168,000
Fixed costs 135,000
Operating profit $ 33,000
The total contribution margin for Dartmouth Corporation when selling 3,000 units would be $168,000. This is calculated by finding the per-unit contribution margin from the data provided and multiplying it by the new sales level of 3,000 units.
The student is asking how the total contribution margin will change if Dartmouth Corporation sells 3,000 units instead of 2,800. To answer this, we can calculate the per-unit contribution margin from the data provided and then use it to find the total contribution margin at the new sales level of 3,000 units.
First, let's find the per-unit contribution margin:
Contribution Margin per unit = Total Contribution Margin / Number of units sold
Contribution Margin per unit = $156,800 / 2,800 units
Contribution Margin per unit = $56
Now, we can calculate the total contribution margin for 3,000 units:
Total Contribution Margin for 3,000 units = Contribution Margin per unit * Number of units sold
Total Contribution Margin for 3,000 units = $56 * 3,000 units
Total Contribution Margin for 3,000 units = $168,000
Periodic Inventory Using FIFO, LIFO, and Weighted Average Cost Methods The units of an item available for sale during the year were as follows: Jan. 1 Inventory 20 units at $360 $7,200 Aug. 13 Purchase 260 units at $342 88,920 Nov. 30 Purchase 40 units at $357 14,280 Available for sale 320 units $110,400 There are 57 units of the item in the physical inventory at December 31. The periodic inventory system is used. Determine the inventory cost using (a) the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method; (b) the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method; and (c) the weighted average cost method. a. First-in, first-out (FIFO) method $ b. Last-in, first-out (LIFO) method $ c. Weighted average cost method $
Answer:
FIFO = $20,094.00
LIFO = $19,854.00
Weighted average cost = $19,665.00
Explanation:
a. The computation of first-in, first-out (FIFO) method is shown below:-
Details Units Cost Per Unit Total Cost
Jan-01 Opening
Inventory 20.00 $360.00 $7,200.00
Aug-13 Purchase 260.00 $342.00 $88,920.00
Nov-13 Purchase 40.00 $357.00 $14,280.00
Sales 303.00
Dec-13 Closing Stock
Aug-13 Lot 17.00 $342.00 $5,814.00
Dec-13 Closing Stock
Nov-13 Lot 40.00 $357.00 $14,280.00
Total Closing Stock Valuation under FIFO $20,094.00
b. The computation of last-in, first-out (LIFO) method is shown below:-
Details Units Cost Per Unit Total Cost
Jan-01 Opening
Inventory 20.00 $360.00 $7,200.00
Aug-13 Purchase 260.00 $342.00 $88,920.00
Nov-13 Purchase 40.00 $357.00 $14,280.00
Sales $283.00
Dec-13 Closing Stock
Aug-13 Lot 37.00 $342.00 $12,654.00
Dec-13 Closing Stock
Jan-01 Lot 20.00 $360.00 $7,200.00
Total Closing Stock Valuation under LIFO $19,854.00
c. The computation of Weighted average cost method is shown below:-
Details Units Cost Per Unit Total Cost
Jan-01 Opening
Inventory 20.00 $360.00 $7,200.00
Aug-13 Purchase 260.00 $342.00 $88,920.00
Nov-13 Purchase 40.00 $357.00 $14,280.00
Weighted
Average Cost 320.00 $345.00 $1,10,400.00
Sales $283.00
Dec-13 Closing Stock
Aug-13 Lot 57.00 $345.00 $19,665.00
Final answer:
Inventory cost calculations differ based on the accounting method used: FIFO sums the oldest unit costs for remaining inventory, LIFO uses the most recent costs, and the weighted average cost method takes the average cost of all available units.
Explanation:
To calculate the inventory cost using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method, we consider the oldest costs first for the remaining inventory. With 57 units in the physical inventory at December 31, we take all 20 units from Jan. 1 at $360 and 37 units from the Aug. 13 purchase at $342, which totals to $7,200 + (37 units ×$342) = $19,854.
Using the last-in, first-out (LIFO) method, we start with the most recent costs. This means taking all 40 units from the Nov. 30 purchase at $357 and 17 units from the Aug. 13 purchase at $342, resulting in (40 units ×$357) + (17 units ×$342) = $20,334.
For the weighted average cost method, we divide the total cost of all units available by the number of units available to find the average cost per unit, which is $110,400 / 320 units = $345 per unit. Therefore, the cost of the ending inventory is 57 units ×$345 = $19,665.
Summer, Inc., (lessee) entered into an 8-year operating lease on January 1, Year 1. Annual lease payments begin December 31, Year 1. They are $55,000 for Years 1-7 with a final payment in Year 8 of $100,000. The rate implicit in the lease of 8% is known to Summer. The present value of 1 at 8% for 8 years is 0.540. The present value of an ordinary annuity at 8% for 8 years is 5.747. What is the amortization amount of the right-of-use asset in Year 1 for Summer, Inc.
The amortization amount of the right-of-use asset in Year 1 for Summer, Inc. is $25,142.80.
Explanation:The amortization amount of the right-of-use asset in Year 1 for Summer, Inc. can be calculated using the formula:
Amortization Amount = Lease Liability * Discount Rate
Lease Liability can be calculated by finding the present value of the lease payments:
Lease Liability = $55,000 * Present Value of an Ordinary Annuity at 8% for 7 years + $100,000 * Present Value of 1 at 8% for 8 years
Using the given present value factors, the lease liability can be calculated as:
Lease Liability = $55,000 * 5.747 + $100,000 * 0.540 = $314,285
Therefore, the amortization amount of the right-of-use asset in Year 1 would be:
Amortization Amount = $314,285 * 0.08 = $25,142.80
Ehrling, Inc., manufactures metal racks for hanging clothing in retail stores. Ehrling was approached by the CEO of Carly’s Corner, a regional nonprofit food bank, with an offer to buy 350 heavy-duty metal racks for storing canned goods and dry food products. While racks normally sell for $245 each, Carly’s Corner offered $75 per rack. The CEO explained that the number of families they served had grown significantly over the past two years, and that the charity needed additional storage for the donated food items. Since Ehrling is operating at 80 percent of capacity, and Ehrling employees have "adopted" Carly’s Corner as their annual charity, the company wants to make the special order work. Ehrling’s controller looked into the cost of the storage racks using the following information from the activity-based accounting system:
Activity Rate**
Activity Driver Unused
Capacity Quantity
Demanded* Fixed Variable
Direct materials Number of racks 0 350 - $82
Direct labor Direct labor hours 0 525 - 15
Setups Setup hours 60 1 $150 5
Inspection Inspection hours 800 20 10 5
Machining Machine hours 6,000 175 40 3
*This represents only the amount of resources demanded by the special order being considered.
**This is expected activity cost divided by activity capacity.
Expansion of activity capacity for setups, inspection, and machining must be done in steps. For setups, each step provides an additional 20 hours of setup activity and costs $3,000. For inspection, activity capacity is expanded by 2,000 hours per year, and the cost is $20,000 per year (the salary for an additional inspector). Machine capacity can be leased for a year at a rate of $40 per machine hour. Machine capacity must be acquired, however, in steps of 1,500 machine hours.
Required:
1. Compute the change in income for Ehrling, Inc., if the order is accepted.
$
2. Suppose that the packing activity can be eliminated for this order since the customer is in town and does not need to have the racks boxed and shipped. Because of this, direct materials can be reduced by $13 per unit, and direct labor can be reduced by 0.5 hour per unit. How is the analysis affected?
It is now a $_____ loss if the special order is accepted.
Answer:
additional revenue = $26,250
relevant costs:
direct materials =350 x $82 = $28,700
direct labor = 525 x $15 = $7,875
setup hours = 1 x $5 = $5
inspection costs = 20 x $5 = $100
machining = 175 x $3 = $525
total relevant costs = $37,205
1) change in income if order is accepted:
total revenue - total relevant costs = $26,250 - $37,205 = -$10,955
the company will incur in $10,955 in losses if order is accepted.
2) if direct materials are reduced by $13 per unit = $13 x 350 = $4,550, and direct labor costs can be reduced by 0.5 x 350 = 175 hours (= 175 x $15 = $2,625) ⇒ total relevant costs will decrease by $7,175.
It is now a $3,780 (= $10,955 - $7,175) loss if the special order is accepted.
1) If the order is accepted by the company then the income will fall by $10,955.
2) if the special order is accepted then there will be a loss of $3,780 only.
Computation:
1) The table is attached below in the image.
2)
If the direct material are reduced by $13 per unit then the total reduction would be $4,550 for 350 units.
if the direct labor is reduced by 0.5 hour per unit then the total reduction will be of 175 hours and the amount will be $2,625.
The cumulative of both the amount will reduce the total revenue by $7,175.
Thus, if the special order is accepted then the net reduction in the net income of the company will be the difference of total revenue less the additional reduction.
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A regional restaurant chain, CoCo's, is considering purchasing a smaller chain, AJ's, which is currently financed using 20% debt at a cost of 8%. CoCo's analysts project that the merger will result in incremental free cash flows and interest tax savings of $2 million in Year 1, $4 million in Year 2, $5 million in Year 3, and $117 million in Year 4. (The Year 4 cash flow includes a horizon value of $107 million.) The acquisition would be made immediately, if it is to be undertaken. AJ's pre-merger beta is 2.0, and its post-merger tax rate would be 34%. The risk-free rate is 8%, and the market risk premium is 4%. What is the appropriate rate for use in discounting the free cash flows and the interest tax savings
Answer:
13.856%
Explanation:
For computing the discounting rate we have to find out the weightage average cost of capital but before that first we have to determine the cost of equity and the after tax cost of debt which is shown below:
Cost of equity = Risk free rate of return + Beta × market risk premium
= 8% + 2 × 4%
= 16%
And, the after cost of debt is
= Cost of debt × ( 1 - tax rate)
= 8% × (1 - 0.34)
= 5.28%
Now the weighted cost of capital is
= Cost of debt × weighted of debt + cost of equity × weighted of equity
= 5.28% × 20% + 16% × 80%
= 1.056% + 12.8%
= 13.856%
Harding Corporation acquired real estate that contained land, building and equipment. The property cost Harding $1,235,000. Harding paid $280,000 and issued a note payable for the remainder of the cost. An appraisal of the property reported the following values: Land, $296,000; Building, $880,000 and Equipment, $584,000. What value will be recorded for the building
Answer:
The value recorded for the building = $140,000
Explanation:
From the appraisal of the property, the following information is given:
Value of land = $296,000
Value of building = $880,000
value of equipment = $584,000
Total = 296,000 + 880,000 + 584,000 = $1,760,000
Next, we will calculate the percentage of the total value allocated to the building as follows:
Percentage allocated to building = (value of building ÷ total value) × 100
= (880,000 ÷ 1,760,000) × 100
= 0.5 × 100 = 50%
Next, since we now know that the building takes 50% of the property cost, and since $280,000 was paid, the value recorded for building will be 50% of the $280,000 paid, and this is calculated as follows:
value recorded for building = 50% of 280,000
= 50/100 × 280,000 = 0.5 × 280,000 = $140,000
Best Bicycles Inc uses a standard part in the manufacture of several of its bikes. The cost of producing 43,000 parts is $140,000, which includes fixed costs of $68,000 and variable costs of $72,000. The company can buy the part from an outside supplier for $3.80 per unit, and avoid 30% of the fixed costs. If Best Bicycles makes the part, how much will its operating income be?
Answer:
It is more convenient to produce in house, so the Best Bicycles makes the part, its operating income will be $140,000
Explanation:
Given the information:
The cost of producing 43,000 parts is $140,000 :
fixed costs of $68,000variable costs of $72,000outside supplier for $3.80 per unit
avoid 30% of the fixed costs
As we know, the total costs if company bought is as following;
= Cost of production × Outside supplier per unit) + (Fixed cost × Remaining percentage)
= (43,000*$3.80 per unit) + ($68,000*(100% - 30%))
= $163,400 + $47,600
= $211,000
=> the loss in income if the company decided to buy:
= the total costs if company bought - The cost of production
= $211,000 - $140,000
= $71,000
It is more convenient to produce in house, so the Best Bicycles makes the part, its operating income will be $140,000
The traceable fixed administrative cost was incurred at the Alabama plant; in contrast, the allocated administrative cost represents a "fair share" of Deltones' corporate overhead. Alabama has been presented with a special order of 5,000 units of item no. 89 on which no selling cost will be incurred. The proper relevant cost in deciding whether to accept this special order would be:
Answer:
40
Explanation:
The computation of the relevant cost while accepting the special order is shown below:
= Fixed manufacturing + Variable selling + Fixed selling + Traceable fixed administrative + Allocated administrative
= 15 + 8 + 11 + 4 + 2
= 40
We simply added the all the cost which are shown above so that the relevant cost per unit could come
Final answer:
The average fixed cost is calculated by dividing total fixed costs by the number of units produced, which helps in understanding the concept of 'spreading the overhead'. The average fixed cost curve typically shows a downward trend as output increases, indicating that per unit cost decreases with larger production volumes.
Explanation:
Fixed costs, or overhead, are expenses that do not change with the level of production output. These costs are incurred regardless of the company's activity level. A typical example would be rent for the use of a factory.
To understand the impact of fixed costs on unit costs, we calculate the average fixed cost by dividing the total fixed cost by the number of units produced. For instance, if a company has a fixed cost of $1,000 and it produces 500 units, the average fixed cost per unit would be $2.00 ($1,000 / 500). As production increases, the average fixed cost per unit decreases because the fixed cost is spread over a greater number of units.
This concept is what is referred to as spreading the overhead. The average fixed cost curve typically shows a downward trend as production volume increases, depicting how fixed costs per unit fall as more units are produced. This is important for companies to understand as it impacts pricing and profitability, especially in the context of accepting special orders or calculating the relevance of costs for decision-making purposes.
Categorize each transaction according to the U.S. account to which it belongs and the direction the money flows. Account Direction of flow An Australian company buys steel from a U.S. firm. The Federal Reserve buys $2 billion worth of euros. Profits are earned by a U.S. based mining company operating in Mexico. An English company purchases a U.S. confectionary manufacturer.
Answer:
The answers are (1) Current account, payment from foreigners (2) Financial account, payment to foreigners (3) Current account, payment from foreigners (4) Financial account, payment from foreigners.
Explanation:
Solution
Now, when dollars enters from the rest of the world into the United States, this is a payment from foreigners, also when dollars flow form The United States to the rest of the world, this is a payment to foreigners.
The sale and purchase of goods and services is recorded or captured in a current account. the flow of capital is captured in a financial account. now from the analysis above the answers is given below:
(1) An Australian company buys steel from a U.S. firm.
Answer :Current account, payment from foreigners
(2) $2 billion euros worth is bought by the Federal Reserve
Answer : Financial account, payment to foreigners
(3) Profits are earned by a U.S. based mining company operating in Mexico.
Answer : Current account, payment from foreigners
(4) n English company purchases a U.S. confectionary manufacturer.
Answer: Financial account, payment from foreigners.
The transactions given are categorized below:
1. An Australian company buys steel from a US Firm.
Account: Current Account Direction of Flow: Payment to foreigners
2. The federal reserve buys $252 billion worth of euros.
Account: Financial Account. Direction of Flow: Payment to a foreigner.
3. Profit earned by a US based mining company operating in Mexico
Account: Current account. Direction of Flow: Payment from foreigners
4. An English company buy a US confectionery manufacturer.
Account: Financial Account Direction of Flow: Payment from Foreigners.Learn more about transactions on:
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Compare and contrast the activities involved in strategy formulation and those in strategy implementation?
Answer:
In simple words, Strategy Formulation includes placing all powers in position until an operation actually occurs whereas Strategy Execution relies on handling certain forces throughout performance.
Strategy Formulation can be interpreted conceptual method while Execution of Strategy is an administrative process. Formulation of the plan involves cognitive competencies.
Luke was interested in developing a communication budget for the holistic vitamin shop he will be opening in 30 days. He is planning a few promotional sales and will advertise through local newspapers. With the available information, what method would be best for Luke to pursue to develop his communication program
Answer:
Objective-and-task method.
Explanation:
With the available information, objective-and-task method would be best for Luke to pursue to develop his communication program. Objective and task method is a marketing strategy that focuses on allocating an amount of money for its marketing or advertisement budget based on peculiarities and set objectives, instead of choosing an arbitrary amount of money.
The objective-and-task method is the most logical budget method, as an organization sets its promotional budget on what it wishes to achieve specifically, meaning it's goal oriented and not based on sales revenues.
Oval Inc. just paid a dividend equal to $1.50 per share on its common stock, and it expects this dividend to grow by 4 percent per year indefinitely. The firm plans to issue common stock, which has a $16 per share market price, to raise funds to support operations. Oval's investment bankers estimate that the flotation costs for new issues of common stock will be equal to 8 percent of the issue (market) price. What is Oval's cost of new common equity, re
Answer:
14.6%
Explanation:
According to the scenario, computation of the given data are as follows:-
Dividend (D0) = $1.50
Growth Rate (g) = 4% or 0.04
Dividend (D1)= D0 × (1+g) = $1.50 × (1+0.04) =$1.56
Price Of Stock (P0) = Market Price Per Share × (1- Flotation Cost)
= $16 × (1 - 8 ÷ 100)
= $14.72
Required rate of return(r)=?
(P0) = (D1) ÷ (r-g)
$14.72 = $1.56 ÷ (r-0.04)
r = ($1.56 ÷ $14.72) + 0.04
= 0.106+0.04
= 0.146 or 14.6%
The assumption(s) made to construct a kinked-demand oligopoly model is (are) that: A. all price changes made by any firm will be followed by all of the other firms. B. any price decrease will be ignored, but price increases will be followed. C. all firms in the industry will ignore the price changes made by any one firm. D. all firms will follow a price decrease but will ignore any price increase.
Answer:
The correct answer is A)
Explanation:
When there is a price increase by one of the oligopolists the others will reduce price in order to reduce the make the original company to that increased it's prices to lose market share.
When there is a price decrease others follow suit thus reducing the profit the "leadering company" would have made.
Cheers!
The assumption in constructing a kinked-demand oligopoly model is that firms will follow a price decrease but ignore any price increase, leading to a kinked demand curve that explains the price rigidity in oligopoly markets.
The assumption(s) made to construct a kinked-demand oligopoly model is that all firms will follow a price decrease but will ignore any price increase. This assumption stems from the observation that in an oligopoly setting, firms believe that while decreasing their prices may lead to a price war, increasing prices will result in losing customers to competitors who do not match the price increase. Therefore, a firm's demand curve is believed to be more elastic for price increases (where customers are more responsive to price changes) and less elastic for price decreases (where customers are less responsive because all firms match the price decrease).
Given this understanding, the correct option is D. all firms will follow a price decrease but will ignore any price increase. This behavior leads to a kinked demand curve, where the curve is steeper above the current price, assuming firms do not follow a price increase, and flatter below the current price, assuming firms match a price decrease. This model aims to explain why prices in oligopoly markets tend to be rigid and do not change as frequently as in more competitive markets.