Reaction times associated with repetitive fixed interval stimuli in a given stimulus-response situation usually decrease over a short time period to some minimal value and then remain stable. explain

Answers

Answer 1
Final answer:

Reaction times in a fixed interval reinforcement schedule typically decrease as an individual learns the timing of expected reinforcement. Initially, there is a scalloped response pattern, which stabilizes over time. Extinction of the response may occur swiftly if the reinforcement is no longer provided.

Explanation:

When discussing operant conditioning, a fixed interval reinforcement schedule is one where rewards or reinforcements are given after a set period of time has elapsed and the desired behavior has occurred. This schedule can influence reaction times associated with stimulus-response situations. As an individual continues to respond over time, they typically experience a decrease in reaction times as they learn when to expect the reinforcement. Initially, there may be a scallop-shaped pattern of response due to anticipation building up towards the expected time when the reward will be delivered. After some repetitions, however, reaction times typically drop to a minimal value and then stabilize.

An example of this would be a patient using a patient-controlled pain relief system after surgery. The patient learns that the pain relief comes on a fixed schedule (e.g., one dose per hour), and thus any button-pressing behavior outside of these intervals is not reinforced. Over time the patient's behavior of pressing the button will likely become more efficient, and their reaction times may decrease until they press the button only when the interval has elapsed and reinforcement (pain relief) is available.

The extinction of the learned response can also occur if the reinforcement is removed. In the case of a fixed interval schedule, extinction tends to happen quickly if the reinforcement stops being delivered as expected.


Related Questions

Brian is an american traveling abroad. he is shocked by the extent to which the people in the country he's visiting seem to follow group norms and emphasize family connection and group cohesiveness. brian is traveling in a country that has a(n) __________ culture.

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brian is traveling in a country that has a Collectivist culture
A collectivist culture is a type of culture that put more importance to the well beings of the majority of people rather than personal benefit.
This type of culture will often create strogner relationships between family and other groups within a social group.

Your baby is driving you crazy because he turns the light switch on and off for hours. what would piaget say about this behavior?

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In Piaget's cognitive development, this falls on the preoperational stage (2-7 yrs.old). The child sees the association of turning the switches with the light's condition. It is a part of the child's learning of concepts and reasoning. The child may also use apply this state of learning on other conditions and prove the consistency of behavior in some actions.

A personality test reveals that jacqueline is antagonistic, ruthless, and suspicious, whereas melissa is accepting, soft-hearted, and trusting. it appears that jacqueline and melissa have scored at opposite ends of the ________ dimension of the big five.

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 it appears that jacqueline and melissa have scored at opposite ends of the: Agreeableness dimension of the big five
In big five personality test, agreeableness measures someone's kindness and sympathy. People with high agreeableness tend to have the capability to form a good relationship with other people while those who low in agreeableness may appear cold and uncaring

One evening in the queens section of new york city a young lady was assaulted and stabbed in the street as she returned home from work. even though nearly 40 residents of the neighborhood later testified they heard the woman's screams and some even witnessed the assault, not one called the police. sociologists refer to this feeling of detachment and a lack of belonging as ________

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This feeling of detachment is known as anomie. Émile Durkheim identified anomie as a form of breakdown of the bonds between an individual and his society, so that society does not provide him with functional moral guidance. The Kitty Genovese case may be an example of urban anomie, since social bonds did not function to prompt her neighbors to alert police.

Our ability to fulfill our potential through greater self-understanding is part of the ________ approach to personality.

a. humanistic

b. social cognitive

c. trait

d. psychodynamic

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Final answer:

The humanistic approach to personality, which emphasizes self-growth and fulfillment, was developed by psychologists such as Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers.

Explanation:

Our ability to fulfill our potential through greater self-understanding is part of the humanistic approach to personality. The humanistic approach, developed by psychologists like Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers, focuses on the growth potential of individuals and emphasizes concepts like free will, self-determination, and self-actualization. This perspective on personality contrasts with the determinism of psychodynamic theories and is less focused on observable behavior compared to learning approaches.

In the johari window, the hidden area gets smaller when we: increase the blind area. avoid feedback from others. disclose information about ourselves. are far away from knowing our perceptual limitations. hide our beliefs and experiences.

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In the johari window, the hidden area gets smaller when we: disclose information about ourselves
In johari window, the starting hidden area is wide because we know nothing about the other person. As we tell each other about ourselves, that gap will start to close

Final answer:

In the Johari window, the hidden area decreases in size when we disclose information about ourselves, fostering greater openness and potentially improving relationships and self-understanding.

Explanation:

In the Johari window, the hidden area gets smaller when we disclose information about ourselves. The Johari window is a psychological tool created by Joseph Luft and Harrington Ingham in 1955, which is used to help people better understand their relationship with themselves and others. It consists of four quadrants: Open, Hidden, Blind, and Unknown. Disclosing personal information moves it from the Hidden area to the Open area, reducing the size of the Hidden area and making more about ourselves known to others. This can lead to better self-understanding and improved relationships, as it encourages openness and transparency.

Conversely, increasing the blind area, avoiding feedback from others, being unaware of our perceptual limitations, and hiding our beliefs and experiences would, in fact, either increase the hidden area or maintain its size, contrary to fostering personal growth and understanding

Joan experiences pain during sexual intercourse. the frequency of pain has been so great that she now dreads the prospect of possible sexual encounters, despite experiencing sexual arousal while observing films depicting sexual acts other than intercourse. joan most likely is suffering from

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Hypoactive sexual desire disorder

Why is conversational precision critical to interacting with other individuals in society?

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the conversational precision is really critical to interacting with other individuals in society because Timing and spacing in the delivery of spoken communication convey subtle cues that are critical for understanding.
Timing and spacing highlight the point that the speaker want to make, which make the audience pay more attention to the main context of that point.

"when the national government funds a project that is actually implemented by the states, it is an example of"

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nt4wgrsjnfgb f rvdernfendfne ejdbned f

at what age do most boys start growing facial hair?

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Salutations!

At what age do most boys start growing facial hair?

Facial hair doesn't tend to appear at a specific age. It depends on each and every individual. Some might go through that phase in a pretty early stage.

Hope I helped :D

What economic activity was most widespread in the United States in the early 1800s?

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Farming. It moved West as settlements did. 

Cognitive-behavioral therapy attempts to produce change by

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Cognitive-behavioral therapy attempts to produce change by: helping clients unlearn and then relearn specific behaviors.
The cognitive-behavioral therapy creates a correlation between our habits with our productivity. By learning to eliminate bad habits, a client could obtain a lot of lost times and effort that will increase his/her productivity

One significant difference now, as compared to ethnographic fieldwork conducted by anthropologists in the early twentieth century, is

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One critical distinction now, when contrasted with ethnographic hands on work led by anthropologists in the mid twentieth century, is that ethnographers now are far more averse to consider tribal societies as confined from whatever remains of the world. Ethnography is the efficient investigation of people groups and societies. It is intended to investigate social marvels where the scientist watches society from the perspective of the subject of the examination.

Kevin was not enrolled in school, nor did he have a job that required mathematical skills or reasoning, yet he spent several nights a week reading and solving problems in an old calculus textbook. how would you best explain this behavior? kevin is _____.

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Kevin is intrinsically motivated.
This means that he is motivated to do something purely because he is interested in it and actually enjoys it - he likes math even though he never studied it officially, which is why he spends almost every night studying. If he studied math for a job, then it would be extrinsic motivation.

Michael needed to cram for a series of comprehensive exams, so he asked a friend for several "white cross" tablets, a type of amphetamine, to help him stay awake so he could study without sleeping for three days. michael was able to stay awake, but he most likely would risk

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Michael would likely be risk of experiencing withdrawal symptoms in which he could experience fatigue in an extreme way and could also have depression when he stops having the drug, he could also experience crashing. It is because this drug, amphetamine enables the person to experience these symptoms that is why he is risk of having these.

Some people call the late yasser arafat a "terrorist," both fearing and reviling him. some people call him a "freedom fighter," both loving and praising him. the use of these words to describe or evaluate arafat reflect the power of words to

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Words may seem harmless when used individually but it can be used as a weapon when putting your thoughts into them. Just like in the two contrasting situations given above, the word 'freedom fighter' and 'terrorist' are synonymous when you think of it clearly. But the word 'terrorist' have a very negative stigma to the society already. Thus, the use of this word causes people to be frightened and wary of them. While the term 'freedom fighter' might sound noble and heroic. Thus, words have the power to make an impact to the world.

What did Mary and Louis Leakey discover that affected our understanding of early hominids?

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Mary and Louis Leakey discovered and researched the fact that human beings’ first cradle or home was Africa and not Asia as previously thought. Later there were more discoveries made about remains of early hominids which supported their theory and helped scientists improve their understanding.

Mary and Louis Leakey discovered important evidence of bipedalism and early toolmaking abilities in hominins, shaping our understanding of human evolution.

Mary and Louis Leakey made significant discoveries that impacted our understanding of early hominids. Mary Leakey discovered the Laetoli footprints in East Africa, providing evidence of bipedalism in early hominins. Louis Leakey's work at Olduvai Gorge led to the discovery of Homo habilis, the first toolmakers, contributing to our knowledge of human evolution.

the Supreme Court ruling in which case set an early precedent that the state will not restricted by the limitations of the Bill of Rights?

A. roe v. wade

B. Griswold v. Connecticut

C. Barron v. Baltimore

D. Weeks v. united states

Answers

Answer:

C. Barron v. Baltimore

Explanation:

In 1833, Barron v Baltimore case was fought in which Supreme Court helps to establish the rule of federalism in the constitution of United States. This proves to be the historic case where court maintains that State shall not abide by the Bill of rights till the 14th Amendment ratification.

Hence this case proves decision for the state.

Which form of government did Hobbes think could best maintain social order?


a)aristocracy


b)oligarchy


c)constitutional monarchy


d)absolute monarchy

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the answer is absolute monarchy

The right answer is d: absolute monarchy.

Thomas Hobbes believed a sovereign entity must be in charge of controlling everything from military, civil and judicial powers to even people's faith and freedom of speech. In his book Leviathan, one important basis for early as well as modern political thought, Hobbes communicates that a society lacking an established axis of control would inevitably become savage and primitive.

Hobbes argues that the social contract derives from civilians giving away their individual freedoms to a central power in exchange for protection against caos.

Firstcomers to a forum discussion are most likely to cause problems by

Answers

A few ways:

- Starting a unreasonable arguement or debate

- interrupting the social environment already created

please vote my answer brainliest. thanks!

Two of the most common errors for novice drivers include looking away from the path of travel and failure to manage _______.

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Distance of the driver in front of you?

Answer:

The correct answer can be inattention and daydream.

Explanation:

 Inattention is when you have Scarcity os no attention about something. Whether you are driving, you have to be attention about things happening around you and not fail or cause an accident. Now talking about daydream, is walking without a right destination. If you don't have a right, a right destination, you are going get lost about what is happening around you, and it might hurts you and people around you about this lack of attention.

The principal of an elementary has taken away all recesses. the children in this school have begun to act out quite a bit, especially in the late afternoon. what is their challenging behavior probably saying to this principal?

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Recesses, especially for the elementary students, are to time for them to take breaks and eat their snacks to make them last within a certain duration without having to deal with empty stomachs. During the late afternoon, the duration from lunch was already very long. This would make students go hungry and further, out of focus. 

The challenging behavior would strongly suggest the principal to bring back the recesses. If not all then, maybe only that on the afternoon.

Prior to the foreign intelligence act (fisa) several federal intelligence agencies were not allowed to:

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Prior to the foreign intelligence act (fisa) several federal intelligence agencies were not allowed to: share information
If you're working on high-level government officials, information is a really crucial thing because it could give access for your enemy to do harm to your country. Therefore, a rule like this exist.

According to psychologist shelley taylor, women respond to stress with a behavioral pattern she calls:

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Shelley Taylor calls the behavioral pattern as the "tend-and-befriend", whereas "tend" refers to protecting offspring, and "befriend" refers to seeking social support, protection, and resources from others. It is a woman's instinct to protect and nurture, and to bond in times of threat. For example, a woman saving her child from drowning.

What is the most professional telephone tip to follow during your job search?

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the most professional telephone tip to follow during your job search: Don't let children answer the phone during your job search.
If your children answer the phone during your job searh, you might miss important calls from your employer because most employers tend to not doing a recall unless they really want you specifically for the position.

Dirk just failed the driving portion of his driver’s license exam. dirk will most likely explain his failure by saying that he could not see well because it was raining. does not have good spatial or navigational skills. did not practice driving enough. did not study the driver’s manual very well.

Answers

Final answer:

The student's question pertains to the psychological concept of 'attribution,' which explains how individuals attribute the causes of behaviors and events. Dirk's likelihood to attribute his failed exam to external factors like rain is related to external attribution, where personal responsibility is shifted to outside circumstances.

Explanation:

The subject of the student's question surrounds the psychological concept known as 'attribution,' which is the process by which individuals explain the causes of their behavior and events. In the scenario provided, Dirk's failure on the driving portion of his driver's license exam may lead him to attribute his poor performance to external factors such as the weather conditions ('it was raining'), because it removes personal responsibility from him. This is akin to the student who failed his history course due to lack of studying and attendance but blamed the instructor's personal dislike for him as the cause.

This exemplifies an external attribution, which is when a person blames outside factors for their actions, as opposed to internal attribution, which would involve taking personal responsibility (e.g., 'did not practice driving enough' or 'did not study the driver's manual very well'). Additionally, the accompanying examples imply challenges and biases people face in different situations, such as the driver 'Peter' attributing slow driving to the driver's age (stereotyping as 'DWE'), or the adaptation of 'Jedi Goggles' to read landscapes for signs of danger. It sheds light on how attribution and perception play roles in our day-to-day decisions and judgments about others.

which progressive reform allowed the voters to approve or reject laws passed by the legislature

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The referendum is the progressive reform that allowed the voters to approve or reject laws passed by the legislature.

 

To add, a referendum (plural referendums, see below) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to vote on a particular proposal.

Which governing principle is best reflected by the representative government created by the Constitution?
A limited government
B republicanism
C rule of law
D separation of powers

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the  governing principle that is best reflected by the representative government created by the Constitution is: D. separation of powers
The constitution is created to limit the power of the Government in order to prevent Tyranny. With separation of power, we created check and balances for each branches of the Government in order to maintain their credibility

Lindsay and her sister were born into a socially disadvantaged family. linsay was adopted into a more privileged home. lindsay's iq score is likely to be

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higher than her sisters but lower than the families
Final answer:

Lindsay, having been adopted into a more privileged home, is likely to have a higher IQ score due to the enhanced resources, stimulation, and educational opportunities available in her new environment, which are known to positively impact cognitive development.

Explanation:

The question revolves around how environmental factors, specifically socioeconomic status, can influence IQ scores. Lindsay, who was adopted into a more privileged home, is likely to have a higher IQ score than if she had remained in a socially disadvantaged family. This is because environments that provide more resources, stimulation, and educational opportunities can significantly impact cognitive development. Studies show that children raised in higher socioeconomic environments tend to score higher on IQ tests, attributed to factors such as better nutrition, more learning resources, and greater access to education. While genetics play a role in determining IQ, the environment is a crucial factor in its development. Thus, it can be expected that Lindsay's exposure to a more enriched environment would positively affect her IQ score.

A budget should be based on a person’s _______ income. (Gross, Net, or discretionary)

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Their budget should be based on their net income. Their net income is how much they make after deductions from tax and such. This is ultimately how much they make in a pay check, so they should budget based on their net income.

A budget should be based on a person's net income.

Gross Income: This is the total income earned before any deductions such as taxes or other withholdings. While it represents your full earnings, it is not the money you actually receive in your bank account.

Net Income: Also known as disposable income, this is what remains after taxes and other compulsory deductions (like social security and health insurance) are taken out from your gross income.

Net Income = Gross Income - Taxes - Other DeductionsThis amount is critical for personal budgeting as it indicates how much money is truly available for spending and saving each month.

Discretionary Income: This is the amount left after all essential payments are made, such as rent, utilities, food, and transportation. While important for planning personal expenditure, it is not the starting point for creating a budget.

Discretionary Income = Net Income - Essential Expenses
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