Rank these compounds by highest boiling point to lowest boiling point? Pentane, neopentane, isopentane

The electromagnetic force or Coulomb force is the primary force of attraction that holds the electron in the hydrogen atom. The relatively massive proton at the atom's center, and the less massive electron orbiting around it, interact due to their opposite charges, creating an electromagnetic attraction. Additionally, the orbiting electron generates a magnetic field, which contributes to the atom's interaction with external magnetic fields.

The force of attraction that holds the electron in a hydrogen atom is the electromagnetic force, also known as the Coulomb force. This force arises due to the interaction between the positively charged proton and the negatively charged electron. It is this attraction that keeps the electron in orbit around the nucleus of the atom, similar to the gravitational pull of the Earth on the Moon.

In Bohr's model of the hydrogen atom, the electron moves in a perfectly circular orbit around the proton due to this attraction. Although this is a simplified model, it illustrates the primary force keeping the electron bound to the atom. The fact that the proton is around 1800 times more massive than the electron ensures that the proton moves very little in response to the force applied by the electron.

In addition, the atom possesses a magnetic field due to the movement of the electron in its orbit. This magnetic field also plays a decisive role in the interactions of the hydrogen atom with external magnetic fields.

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Among salts, alcohols, carboxylic acids and bases, only alcohols and carboxylic acids qualify as functional groups or families of organic compounds, because of their relevant functional groups. Salts and bases are excluded in this context.

From the list you provided - salts, alcohols, carboxylic acids and bases, the types that are classified as functional groups or families of organic compounds are alcohols and carboxylic acids. Salts and bases are important in various chemical processes but do not fall into the category of organic compounds' functional groups. A functional group is essentially an atom or a group of atoms that determine the physical and chemical properties of a molecule. For instance, ethyl alcohol belongs to the alcohol family because of the presence of the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group, while formic acid is in the carboxylic acid family thanks to its carboxyl (-COOH) group.

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Ice has the largest volume, followed by liquid water, and then water vapor.

Water is one of the few substances on Earth that exists naturally in all three states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (water vapor). The density of each state of water varies, with the vapor state being the least dense and the liquid state being the most dense. The solid state, which is ice, is less dense than the liquid state. So, in terms of volume, the ice sample will have the largest volume, followed by the liquid water sample, and then the water vapor sample, which will have the smallest volume.

The chemistry question involves a reaction of HCl and O2 to form H2O and Cl2. This involves principles of stoichiometry and energy dynamics, as well as the concept of limiting reactants.

The reaction being described here is a chemical reaction where hydrochloric acid (HCl) and oxygen (O2) react to form water (H2O) and chlorine gas (Cl2). Because 59.6g of Cl2 are formed when 63.1g of HCl reacts with 17.2g of O2, this reaction demonstrates the concept of stoichiometry, where the amount of reactants determines the amount of product formed. We can also talk about the energy changes during this reaction. For example, when H-Cl bonds are formed, energy is released. Therefore this is also an exothermic reaction.

Further, it looks like this situation involves a limiting reactant, since there seems to be excess HCl or O2 left over after the reaction is complete. This is because the ratios of the reactants are important in determining how much product is produced. Here, it seems either HCl or O2 was in excess and hence remained unreacted at the end of the reaction.

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HCl is the limiting reactant. The theoretical yield of Cl₂ is 61.37 g, and the percent yield is 75.1%.

To determine the limiting reactant, theoretical yield, and percent yield for the reaction between HCl and O₂, follow these steps:

The balanced reaction is:

4 HCl(g) + O₂(g) → 2 H₂O(l) + 2 Cl₂(g)

First, calculate the moles of HCl and O2:

Using the stoichiometric ratio from the balanced equation:

Since only 1.73 mol of HCl are available, HCl is the limiting reactant. Hence, HCl is the limiting reactant.

From the balanced equation, 4 mol HCl produces 2 mol Cl₂. Therefore:

Convert moles of Cl₂ to grams:

The theoretical yield of Cl₂ is 61.37 g.

The percent yield is given by:

The percent yield of Cl₂ is 75.1%

Complete Question.

Consider the reaction between HCl and O2: 4HCl(g)+O2(g)→2H2O(l)+2Cl2(g) When 63.1 g of HCl are allowed to react with 17.2 g of O2, 46.1 g of Cl2 are collected.

A. Determine the limiting reactant for the reaction.

Express your answer as a chemical formula.

B. Determine the theoretical yield of Cl2 for the reaction.

C. Determine the percent yield for the reaction.

Answer:

its true for apex ;)

Explanation:

The ionization energy is the amount of energy needed to remove a valence electron. Valence electrons are the outermost electrons.

Anwser:

The correct option is A.

Explnation:

The dependent variable is the variable that is measured during the experiment, it is the  variable that is affected during the experiment. Experiments are design in such a way that the dependent variable depends on and respond to independent variable.

Final answer:

The mass of nitric oxide expected to be produced from reacting 88.9 g of ammonia with excess oxygen is 156.7 g after balancing the chemical equation and performing stoichiometry calculations.

Explanation:

Calculating Mass of Nitric Oxide Produced from Ammonia:

To find the mass of nitric oxide that can be produced from reacting 88.9 g of ammonia with excess oxygen, first we need to balance the chemical equation. The balanced equation is:

4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

Next, we use the molar mass of ammonia (NH3) which is 17.03 g/mol to convert 88.9 g of NH3 to moles:

88.9 g NH3 ÷ 17.03 g/mol = 5.22 moles of NH3

Since the balanced equation shows that 4 moles of NH3 produce 4 moles of NO, we can calculate the moles of NO produced from 5.22 moles of NH3:

(5.22 moles NH3) × (4 moles NO / 4 moles NH3) = 5.22 moles NO

Finally, using the molar mass of NO (30.01 g/mol), we find the mass of NO produced:

(5.22 moles NO) × (30.01 g/mol) = 156.7 g NO

Therefore, we expect to make 156.7 g of nitric oxide from the reaction of 88.9 g of ammonia with excess oxygen.

When 194.7g of potassium chlorate is fully decomposed, it produces 76.26g of oxygen gas.

The decomposition of potassium chlorate (KClO3) when heated produces potassium chloride (KCl) and oxygen (O2). But first, we need to balance the chemical equation. A balanced equation of this chemical reaction is 2KClO3 -> 2KCl + 3O2 which means 2 moles of potassium chlorate produce 3 moles of oxygen.

The molar mass of KClO3 is 39.1 (K) + 35.5 (Cl) + (16.0 x 3)(O) = 122.6 g/mol. Given 194.7g of KClO3, the moles of KClO3 = 194.7g / 122.6 g/mol = 1.59 moles.

From the balanced equation, we know that 2 moles of KClO3 produces 3 moles of O2. Therefore, 1.59 moles of KClO3 will produce (1.59/2)*3 = 2.38 moles of O2. Finally, by multiplying the moles of O2 by its molar mass (32 g/mol), we get the mass of oxygen that gets produced = 2.38 * 32 = 76.26 g.

So, when fully decomposed, 194.7g of potassium chlorate will produce 76.26g of oxygen gas.

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Answer:

2.0 x 10^2g

Explanation:

The Ksp, or solubility product constant, of a generic salt AB₂ at 25 °C with a solubility of 0.0420 mol/L is 2.96 × 10⁻⁴.

The student has asked to find out the Ksp of a generic salt AB₂ at 25 °C, when its solubility is given.

The solubility product constant (Ksp) is the equilibrium constant for the dissolution of a solid substance into an aqueous solution. Considering the stoichiometry of the generic salt AB₂, when it dissolves in water, it dissociates into one A²⁺ ion and two B⁻ ions.

The solubility equilibrium reaction is:
AB₂(s) → A²⁺(aq) + 2B⁻(aq)

Since the solubility is 0.0420 mol/L for AB₂, the concentration of A²⁺ will be 0.0420 M and the concentration of B⁻ will be 2 × (0.0420) M = 0.0840 M in the solution.

Using the expression for Ksp:

Ksp = [A²⁺][B⁻]² = (0.0420)×(0.0840)²

We calculate Ksp:

Ksp = (0.0420)×(0.007056) = 2.96 × 10⁻⁴

Thus the Ksp for AB₂ at 25 °C is 2.96 × 10⁻⁴.

Answers

Mg > Ca

P > As

C <N

Br < Cl

Final answer:

Using the periodic table, one can predict that the order of increasing electronegativity for Mg, P, C, and Br is Mg < Br < C < P. Mg is a metal, while P, C, and Br are nonmetals.

Explanation:

The question involves using the periodic table to determine the relative electronegativity of elements. Electronegativity increases from the lower left to the upper right of the periodic table. Hence, we can predict the relative electronegativity for the elements given:

Therefore, the order from lowest to highest electronegativity is Mg < Br < C < P.

Regarding classification:

Final answer:

The Coriolis effect, caused by Earth's rotation, deflects surface ocean currents to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere, influencing global current patterns and gyre circulation.

Explanation:

The deflection of surface ocean currents in different hemispheres is caused by the Coriolis effect. Earth's rotation makes objects like wind and water currents appear to curve from their initially straight paths. In the Northern Hemisphere, this results in currents deflecting to the right, and in the Southern Hemisphere, currents deflect to the left.

There are circular patterns in both hemispheres, called gyres, that are affected by this phenomenon. Currents within these gyres flow clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. The Coriolis effect influences these gyres and is responsible for the direction of the currents.

Alkanes from highest to lowest boiling points:

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with all carbon bonds being single bonds

General formula:

[tex]\large{\boxed {\bold {C_nH_{2n + 2}}}[/tex]

There are several rules for naming alkanes from IUPAC:

In determining the alkane boiling point, if in the same homologous series, then just look for alkanes with the largest relative molecular mass that will have a large boiling point too. So in an alkane in the form of a straight-chain, the more carbon atoms, the longer the main chain, the bigger the boiling point.

But if the relative molecular mass is the same, the alkanes have fewer branches will have a greater boiling point.

The more branches, the lower the boiling point, even though the number of carbon atoms is the same (as in isomers)

In isomers that have the same molecular formula and relative molecular mass, alkanes that have the fewest branches will have the largest boiling point.

So that the general determination of the alkane boiling point is (based on its priority)

the greater the higher the boiling point

the fewer branches the higher the boiling point

The branching on the main chain in the alkane structure causes the attraction between the molecules to be lower so that to release this attractive force only requires low energy, ie at low temperatures

The relative molecular mass of each alkane in the above problem is:

The relative molecular mass values ​​above indicate that there are similarities in the relative molecular mass values ​​of heptane and 3.3 dimethyl pentane. But because the unbranched chain has a higher boiling point so heptane has a greater boiling point than 3.3 dimethyl pentane

the name of this hydrocarbon

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 the correct name of the compound

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type of organic compound contains the following functional group

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Keywords: alkanes, main chains, branches, boiling points, relative molecular mass

Charles’s law, Avogadro’s law, and Boyle’s law can be combined to form the ideal gas law.

Boyle's law is an experimental gas law which describes how the pressure of the gas decreases as the volume increases. It's statement can be stated as, the absolute pressure which is exerted by a given mass of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume provided temperature and amount of gas remains unchanged.

Mathematically, it can be stated as,

P∝1/V or PV=K. The equation states that the product of of pressure and volume is constant for a given mass of gas and the equation holds true as long as temperature is maintained constant.

According to the equation the unknown pressure and volume of any one gas can be determined if two gases are to be considered.That is,

P₁V₁=P₂V₂

Learn more about Boyle's law,here:

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The net ionic equation for the reaction is as follows:[tex]\boxed{{\text{SO}}_4^{2 - }\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{S}}{{\text{r}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right) \to {\text{SrS}}{{\text{O}}_4}\left( s \right)}[/tex]

Further Explanation:

Double displacement reaction is defined as the reaction in which ions of two compound interchange with each other to form the product. For example, the general double displacement reaction between two compound AX and BY is as follows:

[tex]{\text{AX}} + {\text{BY}} \to {\text{AY}} + {\text{BX}}[/tex]

The three types of equations that are used to represent the chemical reaction are as follows:

1. Molecular equation

2. Total ionic equation

3. Net ionic equation

The molecular equation represents the reactants and products of the ionic reaction in undissociated form. In total ionic equation, all the dissociated ions that are present in the reaction mixture are represented and in net ionic reaction, the useful ions that participate in the reaction are represented.

The steps to write the net ionic reaction are as follows:

Step 1: Write the molecular equation for the reaction with the phases in the bracket.

In the reaction, [tex]{\text{MgS}}{{\text{O}}_4}[/tex] reacts with [tex]{\text{Sr}}{\left( {{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}} \right)_2}[/tex] to form [tex]{\text{SrS}}{{\text{O}}_4}[/tex] and [tex]{\text{Mg}}{\left( {{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}} \right)_2}[/tex]. The balanced molecular equation of the reaction is as follows:

[tex]{\text{MgS}}{{\text{O}}_4}\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{Sr}}{\left( {{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right) \to {\text{SrS}}{{\text{O}}_4}\left( s \right) + {\text{Mg}}{\left( {{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right)[/tex]

Step 2: Dissociate all the compounds with the aqueous phase to write the total ionic equation. The compounds with solid phase remain same. The total ionic equation is as follows:

[tex]{\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{SO}}_4^{2 - }\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{S}}{{\text{r}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right) + 2{\text{NO}}_3^ - \left( {aq} \right) \to {\text{SrS}}{{\text{O}}_4}\left( s \right) + {\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right) + 2{\text{NO}}_3^ - \left( {aq} \right)[/tex]

Step 3: The common ions on both the sides of the reaction get cancelled out to get the net ionic equation.

[tex]\boxed{{\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right)} + {\text{SO}}_4^{2 - }\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{S}}{{\text{r}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right) + \boxed{2{\text{NO}}_3^ - \left( {aq} \right)} \to {\text{SrS}}{{\text{O}}_4}\left( s \right) + \boxed{{\text{M}}{{\text{g}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right)} + \boxed{2{\text{NO}}_3^ - \left( {aq} \right)}[/tex]

Therefore, the net ionic equation obtained is as follows:

[tex]{\text{SO}}_4^{2 - }\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{S}}{{\text{r}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right) \to {\text{SrS}}{{\text{O}}_4}\left( s \right)[/tex]

Learn more:

1. Balanced chemical equation: https://brainly.com/question/1405182

2. Oxidation and reduction reaction: https://brainly.com/question/2973661

Answer details:  

Grade: High School  

Subject: Chemistry  

Chapter: Chemical reaction and equation

Keywords: Double displacement reaction, types of equation, molecular equation, total ionic equation, net ionic equation, MgSO4, Sr(NO3)2, SrSO4,  Mg(NO3)2.

The net ionic equation for the reaction of MgSO4 and Sr(NO3)2 is SO4^2- (aq) + Sr^2+ (aq) → SrSO4(s). The other ions, magnesium and nitrate, are considered 'spectator ions' and hence not included in the net ionic equation as they do not take part in the reaction.

The reaction of MgSO4 (magnesium sulfate) and Sr(NO3)2 (strontium nitrate) is a double displacement reaction. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is: MgSO4 + Sr(NO3)2 → Mg(NO3)2 + SrSO4.

However, the question asks for the net ionic equation. This involves expressing the reaction in terms of the ions that are present. We first need to know that MgSO4 and Sr(NO3)2 are strong electrolytes and will dissociate into ions in a solution.

When we complete these steps, the net ionic equation for this reaction is: SO4^2- (aq) + Sr^2+ (aq) → SrSO4(s). The other ions are considered 'spectator ions' and are not included in the net ionic equation because they do not participate in the reaction. So the magnesium and nitrate ions are not included in the net ionic equation.

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Answer: The correct answer is option B.

Explanation:

Average kinetic energy of the gas molecule is given by relation:

[tex]E_K=\frac{3}{2}\frac{R}{N_A}\times T[/tex]

[tex]N_A[/tex] = Avogadro Number

T = Temperature of the gas in Kelvins.

R = Universal gas constant

[tex]E_K\propto T[/tex]

With increase in temperature the kinetic energy of the gas molecule increases and vice-versa.

So, according to the question the explanation for a drop in temperature of the gas is decrease in average kinetic energy of the gas molecules.

Hence, the correct answer is option B.

Final answer:

To calculate the hydroxide ion concentration and the percent ionization of a 0.0325-M solution of ammonia, use the Kb expression and an ice table. The hydroxide ion concentration is 7.6 x 10-4 M and the percent ionization is 2.34%.

Explanation:

To calculate the hydroxide ion concentration and the percent ionization of a 0.0325-M solution of ammonia, we can use the formula for Kb. Kb is the equilibrium constant for the reaction of NH3 with water to form NH4+ and OH-. The equation is: NH3 + H2O ⇌ NH4+ + OH-. The Kb value for ammonia is given as 1.76 x 10-5.