Answer:
An example of engineering material, are plastics, they are derived from organic, natural materials, such as cellulose, coal, natural gas, salt and, of course, oil. Oil is a complex mixture of thousands of compounds and must be processed before being used.
Explanation:
Plastic production begins with distillation at a refinery, where crude oil is separated into groups of lighter components, called fractions. Each fraction is a mixture of hydrocarbon chains (chemical compounds formed by carbon and hydrogen) that differ in terms of the size and structure of their molecules. One of those fractions, naphtha, is the essential compound for the production of plastic.
Two main processes are used to make plastic: polymerization and polycondensation, and both require specific catalysts. In a polymerization reactor, monomers like ethylene and propylene join to form long polymer chains. Each polymer has its own properties, structure and dimensions depending on the type of basic monomer that has been used.
In what ways do coastal mountains affect a region’s climate? Select 3 correct choices.
1.They determine the way that large masses of cool, dry air move over land.
2.They control the amount of water vapor present in cool, dry air masses.
3.They increase precipitation on the windward sides of mountain ranges.
4.They force cool, moist air from oceans to rise as they move toward land.
5.They decrease precipitation totals on the leeward sides of mountain ranges.
Answer:
3)They increase precipitation on the windward sides of mountain ranges
4)They force cool, moist air from oceans to rise as they move toward land
5)They decrease precipitation totals on the leeward sides of mountain ranges.
Explanation:
During the day, as the ocean becomes heated up, there is always an increase in humidity of the air that is above the oceans in coastal areas. But Because of the higher heat capacity of water compare to the land,the ocean always remain cooler compare to the land. But because of lower density,the air on the land is replaced by the ocean's cool air as the land's air increases.
Whenever a mountain inland come in contact with cool
air with humidity,the sir get more cool. However,. there result a condensation and precipitation of the water that is present in the air at the part of the mountain.
Answer:
3.They increase precipitation on the windward sides of mountain ranges.
4.They force cool, moist air from oceans to rise as they move toward land.
5.They decrease precipitation totals on the leeward sides of mountain ranges.
Explanation:
The temperature on mountains usually become colder with a corresponding higher altitude. The Mountains also tend to have more precipitation than areas without them.
This is because in the day the ocean becomes heated up. This leads to an increase in humidity of the air that is above the oceans in coastal areas. Due to the higher heat capacity of water compared to land ,the ocean always remains cooler when compared to the land. The lower density also allows the air on the land to be replaced by the ocean's cool air as the land's air increases.
They force cool, moist air from oceans to rise as they move toward land.They increase precipitation on the windward sides of mountain ranges.They decrease precipitation totals on the leeward sides of mountain ranges.
Question 18 A chemist must prepare of sodium hydroxide solution with a pH of at . He will do this in three steps: Fill a volumetric flask about halfway with distilled water. Weigh out a small amount of solid sodium hydroxide and add it to the flask. Fill the flask to the mark with distilled water. Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide that the chemist must weigh out in the second step. Round your answer to significant digits.
Answer:
9.0 g
Explanation:
There is some info missing. I think this is the original question.
A chemist must prepare 0.9 L of sodium hydroxide solution with a pH of 13.40 at 25°C. He will do this in three steps: Fill a volumetric flask about halfway with distilled water. Weigh out a small amount of solid sodium hydroxide and add it to the flask. Fill the flask to the mark with distilled water. Calculate the mass of sodium hydroxide that the chemist must weigh out in the second step. Round your answer to 2 significant digits.
Step 1: Calculate the pOH
We use the following expression.
pH + pOH = 14.00
pOH = 14.00 - pH = 14.00 - 13.40 = 0.60
Step 2: Calculate [OH⁻]
We use the following expression.
pOH = -log [OH⁻]
[OH⁻] = antilog -pOH = antilog -0.60 = 0.25 M
Step 3: Calculate [NaOH]
NaOH is a strong base that releases 1 OH⁻. Then, [NaOH] = 0.25 M
Step 4: Calculate the mass of NaOH
The molar mass of NaOH is 40.00 g/mol. The mass required to prepare 0.9 L of a 0.25 M solution is:
[tex]0.9 L \times \frac{0.25mol}{L} \times \frac{40.00g}{mol} = 9.0 g[/tex]
what is time actually
Answer:
Time is something I constantly run out of-
Answer:
The concept of time is self-evident. An hour consists of a certain number of minutes, a day of hours and a year of days. ... Time is represented through change, such as the circular motion of the moon around Earth. The passing of time is indeed closely connected to the concept of space
Consider two cells, the first with Al and Ag electrodes and the second with Zn and Ni electrodes, each in 1.00 M solutions of their ions. If connected as voltaic cells in series, which two metals are plated, and what is the total potential, E ∘ ? Which two metals are plated?
a. Al ( s )
b. Ag ( s )
c. Zn ( s )
d. Ni ( s )
E ∘ =
Answer:
b. Ag ( s )
d. Ni ( s )
[tex]E^0_{total}[/tex] = 2.97 V
Explanation:
The reduction potentials for the given four (4) electrodes are:
In the first cell:
[tex]Ag^+ + e^- \to Ag \ \ \ \ E^0 = 0.80 \ V \\ \\ \\ Al^{3+} + 3e^- \to Al \ \ \ \ E^0 = - 1.66 \ V[/tex]
In the second cell:
[tex]Zn^{2+} + 2e^- \to Zn \ \ \ E^0 = -0.76 \ V \\ \\ \\ Ni^{2+} + 2e^- \to Ni \ \ \ E^0 =-0.25 \ V[/tex]
Since the cells are connected in series :
[tex]E_{total } > 0[/tex]
Thus; Metal plated in the first cell = Ag
Metal plated in the second cell = Ni
The total potential [tex]E^0_{total}[/tex] = [tex]E^0 {cell \ 1} - E^0 _{cell \ 2}[/tex]
= (0.80 + 1.66 ) V - (0.25 +0.76 ) V
= 2.97 V
In the first cell, silver is plated and in the second cell, nickel is plated.
In a voltaic cell, there is the production of electrical energy via a chemical reaction. We have two cells;
In the first cell, we have Al and Ag electrodes In the second cell we have Zn and Ni electrodesIn the first cell, silver is plated and the Ecell is 2.46 V while in the second cell, nickel is plated with Ecell of 0.51 V.
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What factors can contribute to the process of desertification? (Site 1)
Answer:
Some of the factors include:
i. climate change
ii. urbanization
iii. overgrazing
iv. deforestation
v. natural disasters e.g yearly occurrence of wild fire in Austrailian forests
vi. soil erosion
Explanation:
Desertification is a process by which a fertile land degenerates into a desert due to some activities. These activities can either be natural or due to human activities, causing a land to become a desert. It has major effects on plants and animals (either domestic, wild or human).
In the world today, desertification is majorly caused by overgrazing and climate change. But other factors that can contribute to the process of desertification are; soil erosion, urbanization, deforestation, natural disasters etc.
Answer:
There are several reasons why the number of snow leopards is decreasing. Historically, and occasionally still today, snow leopards were hunted for their thick, soft fur.Other times snow leopards are killed by ranchers when the leopards attack their livestock. Humans now use some of the snow leopard’s habitat for farming and mining. This can make the snow leopards or their prey move to different habitats. Conservation groups are working to protect snow leopards and their habitat. Because of this the leopard species has decreased significantly.
Explanation:
Got 100%
The molar heat capacity of solid aluminium is 24.4\text{ J K}^{-1}\text{ mol}^{-1} \text{ at } 25^{\circ}\text{C}24.4 J K −1 mol −1 at 25 ∘ C. What is the change in internal energy when 1\text{ mol}1 mol of solid aluminium is heated from a temperature of 20^{\circ}\text{C} \text{ to }30^{\circ}\text{C}20 ∘ C to 30 ∘ C?
Answer:
[tex]\Delta U = 244\,J[/tex]
Explanation:
The change in internal energy is given by the following expression:
[tex]\Delta U = n \cdot \bar c \cdot \Delta T[/tex]
[tex]\Delta U = (1\,mole)\cdot \left(24.4\,\frac{J}{mole\cdot K} \right)\cdot (10\,K)[/tex]
[tex]\Delta U = 244\,J[/tex]
Calcium oxide reacts with water in a combination reaction to produce calcium hydroxide: CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(s) A 5.00-g sample of CaO is reacted with 4.83 g of H2O. How many grams of water remain after the reaction is complete? Calcium oxide reacts with water in a combination reaction to produce calcium hydroxide: CaO(s) + H2O(l) → Ca(OH)2(s) A 5.00-g sample of CaO is reacted with 4.83 g of H2O. How many grams of water remain after the reaction is complete? 3.22 0.00 0.179 0.00991 1.04
We calculated that after the 5.00 g of calcium oxide reacts with water to produce calcium hydroxide, the rest of the water left is 3.23g.
Explanation:To solve this question, we first need to understand the stoichiometry of the reaction. The balanced equation clearly illustrates that one mole of calcium oxide (CaO) reacts with one mole of water (H2O) to form calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Therefore, this reaction is a 1:1 ratio.
Next, we need to convert the grams to moles. Since the molar mass of CaO is approximately 56.08 g/mol and H2O is 18.015 g/mol, we can calculate that 5.00 g of CaO is around 0.089 mol and 4.83 g of H2O is approximately 0.268 mol.
Considering the stoichiometry of the reaction, it is clear that not all of the water will react because it is present in excess. Only an amount equivalent to the moles of CaO will, so 0.089 mol of H2O will react. To convert this back to grams, simply multiply the moles of water reacted by the molar mass of water. This is approximately 1.60g.
Then, subtract the amount of water used in the reaction from the original amount to get the amount of water left. Hence, 4.83 g - 1.60 g = 3.23 g of water remain after the reaction is complete.
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Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will adding 1.4 mole of He to the reaction mixture have on the system? 2 H2S(g) + 3 O2(g) ⇌ 2 H2O(g) + 2 SO2(g) Consider the following reaction at equilibrium. What effect will adding 1.4 mole of He to the reaction mixture have on the system? 2 H2S(g) + 3 O2(g) ⇌ 2 H2O(g) + 2 SO2(g) The reaction will shift to the left in the direction of reactants. No effect will be observed. The reaction will shift to the right in the direction of products. The equilibrium constant will increase. The equilibrium constant will decrease.
Adding 1.4 moles of He to the reaction mixture will have no effect on the equilibrium of the system.
Explanation:Adding 1.4 moles of He to the reaction mixture will have no effect on the system. The equilibrium of the reaction will not shift to the left or right, and there will be no change in the equilibrium constant. This is because He is considered an inert gas and does not participate in the reaction.
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What is the de Broglie wavelength, in cm, of a 11.0-g hummingbird flying at 1.20 x 10^2 mph?
(1 mile=1.61 km.)
Answer:1.123 x 10^-31cm
Explanation:
mass of humming bird= 11.0g
speed= 1.20x10^2mph
but I mile = 1.6m
1km=1000
I mile = 1.6x10^3m
1.20x10^2mph= 1.6x10^3m /1mile x at 1.20 x 10^2
=1.932 x10^5m
recall that
1 hr= 60 min
1 min=60 secs, 1hr=3600s
Speed = distance/ time
=1.932 x10^5 / 3600= 5.366 x 10 ^1 m/s
m= a 11.0g= 11.0 x 10^-3kg
h=6.626*10^-34 (kg*m^2)/s
Wavelength = h/mu
= 6.626*10^-34/(11 x 10^-3 x 5.366x 10^1)
6.63x10^-34/ 590.26x 10 ^-3= 1.123 x10^-33m
but 1m = 100cm
1.123 x 10 ^-33 x 100 = 1.123 x 10^-31cm
de broglie wavelength of humming bird = 1.123 x 10 ^-31cm
Give TWO examples of energy conversion that produces unwanted forms of energy.
For example, consider the energy used by an electric fan. The amount of electrical energy used is greater than the kinetic energy of the moving fan blades. Because energy is always conserved, some of the electrical energy flowing into the fan's motor is obviously changed into unusable or unwanted forms.
In a car engine, the chemical energy in the fuel converts into mechanical energy, but also produces unwanted heat and sound energy. In electric lighting, electrical energy becomes light energy, but also generates unnecessary heat energy.
Explanation:Examples of Energy ConversionThe first example is a car engine. When a car engine operates, the chemical energy in the fuel is converted into mechanical energy that moves the car. However, this process also produces unwanted forms of energy, such as heat and sound energy. The heat is generated due to the combustion of fuel, and the sound is created due to the movement of engine parts. This wasted energy reduces the overall efficiency of the energy conversion process.
The second example is electric lighting. The electrical energy that is input into the lightbulb gets converted into light energy, which is useful. But at the same time, unwanted heat energy is also produced. This heat energy is unhelpful and represents inefficiency in the energy conversion process.
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a) A 25.3 mg sample of sodium carbonate is present in a container.
i) Write the formula of sodium carbonate:
Answer:
Formula of sodium carbonate is [tex]Na_{2}CO_{3}[/tex].
Explanation:
Sodium carbonate is an ionic compound consists of [tex]Na^{+}[/tex] and [tex]CO_{3}^{2-}[/tex] ions.
In a formula unit of sodium carbonate, there should be two [tex]Na^{+}[/tex] ions and one [tex]CO_{3}^{2-}[/tex] ion to maintain charge neutrality.
In general, formula of an ionic compound consists of [tex]A^{x+}[/tex] and [tex]B^{y-}[/tex] ions is written as : [tex]A_{y}B_{x}[/tex] ([tex]x\neq y[/tex]) and AB ([tex]x= y[/tex])
If x or y is equal to 1 then it is not written explicitly in formula.
So, formula of sodium carbonate = [tex]Na_{2}CO_{3}[/tex]
Final answer:
The formula for sodium carbonate is Na₂CO₃; it is used for various purposes in chemical experiments such as stoichiometry, titration, and hydration analysis.
Explanation:
The formula for sodium carbonate is Na₂CO₃. In the context of these questions, sodium carbonate is often used in stoichiometric calculations, titrations, determining solubility of compounds, and calculating the formula of a hydrated compound by heating the sample to remove water of hydration. A sample of sodium carbonate is specified in different quantities across various experimental setups, which highlights its versatile use in chemical reactions and in the preparation of specific molar concentration solutions.
Consider the reaction 2H2S(g)⇌2H2(g)+S2(g),Kp=2.4×10−4 (at 1073 K) A reaction mixture contains 0.111 atm of H2, 0.051 atm of S2, and 0.566 atm of H2S. Determine how these conditions compare to equilibrium conditions. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right.
Answer:
Q> Kp
The reaction of the system, will be a shift to the left, the side of the reactants.
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Kp = 2.4 * 10^-4
Partial pressure H2 = 0.111 atm
Partial pressure S2 = 0.051 atm
Partial pressure H2S = 0.566 atm
Step 2: The balanced equation
2H2S(g) ⇌ 2H2(g) + S2(g)
Step 3: Calculate Q
Q = (pS2 * (pH2)²) / (pH2S)²
Q = (0.051 * 0.111²) / (0.566²)
Q = 0.00196 =1.96 *10^-3
Q> Kp
Since Q>K, we have more products than reactants (pressure). The reaction of the system, will be a shift to the left, the side of the reactants.
To compare the given conditions to the equilibrium conditions for the reaction, you calculate the reaction quotient (Qp) with the given pressures. Because Qp is less than Kp, the reaction isn't in equilibrium and will shift towards the products to get there.
Explanation:To determine how these conditions compare to equilibrium conditions for the reaction 2H2S(g)⇌2H2(g)+S2(g), you first need to calculate the reaction quotient Qp at the given conditions. You use the equation Qp = [H2]^2*[S2]/[H2S]^2. Insert the given pressures into the equation, so Qp becomes (0.111)^2*(0.051)/(0.566)^2 = 1.13x10^-4.
Since Kp = 2.4*10^-4, and Qp < Kp, the system is not at equilibrium and the reaction will shift towards the products [H2] and [S2] in order to reach equilibrium.
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Consider these generic half-reactions. Half-reaction E° (V) X+(aq)+e−⟶X(s) 1.52 Y2+(aq)+2e−⟶Y(s) −1.17 Z3+(aq)+3e−⟶Z(s) 0.84 Identify the strongest oxidizing agent. X+ Y2+ X Z Y Z3+ Identify the weakest oxidizing agent. X Z3+ Y Y2+ Z X+ Identify the strongest reducing agent. Z3+ X+ Y2+ Z X Y Identify the weakest reducing agent. Y Z X+ X Y2+ Z3+ Which substances can oxidize Z ?
The strongest reducing agent Y2+ and the weakest reducing agent is X+.
The more positive the reduction potential of a specie is, the better it serves as an oxidizing agent and is better able to accept electrons. In a nutshell, the specie that has a higher positive reduction potential is a better oxidizing agent. The reducing agent is the specie that has the most negative reduction potential.
Looking the half reaction equations;
X+(aq)+e−⟶X(s) 1.52 VY2+(aq)+2e−⟶Y(s) −1.17 V Z3+(aq)+3e−⟶Z(s) 0.84 VWe can see that the strongest oxidizing agent is X+, the weakest oxidizing agent is Y2+, the strongest reducing agent Y2+ and the weakest reducing agent is X+.
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Final answer:
The strongest oxidizing agent is Y2+(aq), the weakest oxidizing agent is X+(aq), the strongest reducing agent is Z3+(aq), the weakest reducing agent is Y(s), and substances with a higher reduction potential than Z3+(aq) can oxidize Z.
Explanation:
The strongest oxidizing agent can be identified by looking at the reduction potentials of the half-reactions. The half-reaction with the highest reduction potential is Y2+ → Y(s), with a reduction potential of -1.17 V. Therefore, Y2+(aq) is the strongest oxidizing agent.
The weakest oxidizing agent can be identified by looking at the reduction potentials of the half-reactions. The half-reaction with the lowest reduction potential is X+(aq) → X(s), with a reduction potential of 1.52 V. Therefore, X+(aq) is the weakest oxidizing agent.
The strongest reducing agent can be identified by looking at the reduction potentials of the half-reactions. The half-reaction with the highest reduction potential is Z3+(aq) → Z(s), with a reduction potential of 0.84 V. Therefore, Z3+(aq) is the strongest reducing agent.
The weakest reducing agent can be identified by looking at the reduction potentials of the half-reactions. The half-reaction with the lowest reduction potential is Y(s) → Y2+(aq), with a reduction potential of -1.17 V. Therefore, Y(s) is the weakest reducing agent.
Substances that have a higher reduction potential than Z3+(aq), which is 0.84 V, can oxidize Z.
A 35.161 mg sample of a chemical known to contain only carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen is put into a combustion analysis apparatus, yielding 62.637 mg of carbon dioxide and 25.641 mg of water. In another experiment, 31.321 mg of the compound is reacted with excess oxygen to produce 13.54 mg of sulfur dioxide. Add subscripts to the formula provided to correctly identify the empirical formula of this compound. Do not change the order of the elements.
Answer:
The empirical formulae is C6H12S02
Explanation:
1. First we need to obtain the mass of each element in the sample and compound formed
Carbon = (62.637 mg * 12.011 g/mol / 44.009 g/mol) = 17.094 mg of Carbon
Hydrogen = ( 25.641 mg * (2 *1..008 g/mol) / 18.015 g/mol) = 2.869 mg of Hydrogen
Sulphur = (13.54 mg * 32.066 g/mol / 64.066 g/mol) = 6.777 mg of Sulphur
2. Next is to determine the percentage composition. Here we divide the respective mass by the mass of the sample
Carbon = 17.094 / 35.161 * 100 = 48.62 %
Hydrogen = 2.869/ 35.161 *100 = 8.16 %
Sulphur = 6.777/ 31.321 *100 = 21.64 %
Oxygen = (100 - (48.62 + 8.16 + 21.64)) = 21.58 %
3. Next is to divide the mass assuming there are 100 mg by the respective atomic masses to obtain the number of moles
Carbon = 48.62 / 12.011 = 4.048 mol
Hydrogen = 8.16 / 1.008 = 8.095 mol
Sulphur = 21.64 / 32.066 = 0.675 mol
Oxygen = 21.58 / 16.000 = 1.348 mol
Next is to divide by the smallest value
Carbon = 4.048/ 0.675 =5.997 = 6
Hydrogen = 8.095 / 0.675 =11.993 =12
Sulphur = 0.675/ 0.675 = 1
Oxygen = 1.348 / 0.675 = 1.997 = 2
So therefore the empirical formulae of the sample is C6H12SO2
The diagram shows the scales used for recording temperatures. The labels for the scales are missing. 3 thermometers are oriented vertically labeled W, X, Y from left to right. The label Water Boils is connected by a dotted line to 212 degrees on W, 100 degrees on X, 373 degrees on Y. The label Water freezes is connected by a dotted line to 32 degrees on W, 0 degrees on W, 273 degrees on Y. The label Absolute Zero is connected by a dotted line to negative 460 degrees on W, negative 273 degrees on X, and 0 degrees on Y. Which labels complete the diagram? W: Fahrenheit X: Celsius Y: Kelvin W: Kelvin X: Celsius Y: Fahrenheit W: Celsius X:Fahrenheit Y: Kelvin W:Celsius X: Kelvin Y: Fahrenheit
Answer:
The Answer Is A. W: Fahrenheit Y: Kelvin X: Celsiuis
Answer:
a
Explanation:
Calculate the pressure exerted by 66.0 g of CO2 gas at -14.5°C that occupies a volume of 50.0 L
The pressure exerted by 66.0 g of CO₂ gas at -14.5°C that occupies a volume of 50.0 L is 0.636 atm.
How do we calculate pressure?Pressure of any gas will be calculated by using the ideal gas equation as:
PV = nRT, where
P = pressure of gas = ?
V = volume of gas = 50L
R = universal gas constant = 0.082 L.atm/K.mol
T = temperature of gas = -14.5°C = 258.65 K
n is moles of gas and it will be calculated as:
n = W/M, where
W = given mass of CO₂ = 66g
M = molar mass of CO₂ = 44 g/mol
n = 66/44 = 1.5 moles
On putting values we get
P = (1.5)(0.082)(258.65) / (50)
P = 0.636 atm
Hence required pressure is 0.636 atm.
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To calculate the pressure exerted by a gas, we can use the Ideal Gas Law equation and convert the given values to the appropriate units. Then, plug these values into the equation to calculate the pressure.
Explanation:To calculate the pressure exerted by a gas, we can use the Ideal Gas Law equation:
PV = nRT
Where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin. Rearranging the equation to solve for pressure, we have:
P = (nRT) / V
In this case, we are given the mass of CO2 gas (66.0 g), the volume (50.0 L), and the temperature in Celsius (-14.5°C). First, we need to convert the mass to moles using the molar mass of CO2.
Next, we need to convert the temperature to Kelvin by adding 273.15. Once we have the number of moles and the temperature in Kelvin, we can plug these values into the equation to calculate the pressure.
Bison are found in grasslands.
They spend much of their time in herds eating grasses and other small plants.
What kind of teeth do bison likely have?
Answer: Broad, flat teeth for grinding.
Explanation:
Bison are large herbivorous mammals. These belong to the family of Bovidae. They create habitat on the Great Plains and grassland for many different species. Bison are called a keystone species. As the bison forage they cause aeration of soil. This promotes plant growth. They have broad, and flat teeth which help them to grind food. These mammals appear in herd which helps in maintaining a balanced ecosystem.
One possible mechanism for the gas phase reaction of hydrogen with nitrogen monoxide is: step 1: H2(g) + 2 NO (g) → N2O (g) + H2O (g) step 2: N2O (g) + H2 (g) → N2 (g) + H2O (g) Identify the molecularity of each step in the mechanism. (1, 2, or 3) Step 1 _______ Step 2 ________
Answer:
step 1 is trimolecular while step 2 is bimolecular.
Explanation:
Molecularity of an elementary reaction is defined the number of molecules that come together to react in a given elementary (single-step) reaction. It is equal to the sum of stoichiometric coefficients of reactants in that elementary reaction. Depending on the number of molecules that come together in an elementary step, a reaction can be designated as; unimolecular, bimolecular or trimolecular.
The kinetic order of any elementary reaction or reaction step is equal to its molecularity, and the rate equation of an elementary reaction can easily be determined by inspection, from the molecularity.
For a complex (multistep) reaction, the kinetic order of reaction is not determined from the molecularity since molecularity only describes elementary reactions or steps.
From our discussion above we can see that, step 1 is trimolecular while step 2 is bimolecular.
What happens when the concentration of water inside a cell is lower than the concentration of water outside the cell?
Answer:
Water outside the cell will flow inwards by osmosis to attain equilibrium
Explanation:
In the hypotonic environment, the concentration of water is greater outside the cell and the concentration of solute is higher inside. A solution outside of a cell has a lower concentration of solutes relative to the cytosol.
If concentrations of dissolved solutes are greater inside the cell, the concentration of water inside the cell is correspondingly lower. As a result, water outside the cell will flow inwards by osmosis to attain equilibrium.
Osmosis is a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one through a semipermeable membrane.
ight energy can be described as nhf , where n is a number of photons, h is Planck's constant, and f is the frequency of the light, also denoted by the symbol ???? . Calculate the minimum number of photons, n , needed to make the reduction of 2 moles of NADP+ favorable for light absorbed at 680.000 nm . Assume that the amount of energy needed for the reduction of one mole of NADP+ to be favorable must exceed 219 kJ/mol .
Answer:
1.496x 10^24photons
Explanation:
wavelength λ= 680 X10^-9 nm
h = planks constant - 6.636*10 ^-34js
c- speed of light - 3.0x 10^8 m/s
I mole of Energy of NADP+ = 219Kj/mol
2 moles of Energy of NADP+ = 2x 219= 438kj/mol = 438x10^3j
/mol
E= nhc/λ
438x 10^3j/mol -= n x (6.636*10 ^-34 x 3x10^8) / 680*10^-9
n=438x10^3j x 680x 10^-9/ (6.636*10 ^-34 x 3.0x10^8
1.496x 10^24photons
To make the reduction of 2 moles of NADP+ favorable for light absorbed at 680.000 nm, you would need a minimum of approximately [tex]6.35 x 10^{15[/tex] photons, which are particles of light.
The energy required for the reduction of 2 moles of NADP+ is given as 2 moles x 219 kJ/mol = 438 kJ. To calculate the number of photons needed, we can use the formula E = nhf, where E is the energy required, h is Planck's constant (6.626 x [tex]10^{-34[/tex] J·s), f is the frequency of light, and n is the number of photons. First, we need to convert the given wavelength to frequency using the speed of light (c =3 x[tex]10^8[/tex] m/s):
λ = 680.000 nm = 680.000 x [tex]10^{-9[/tex] m
f = c / λ = (3 x [tex]10^8[/tex] m/s) / (680.000 x [tex]10^{-9[/tex] m) ≈ 4.41 x [tex]10^{14[/tex] Hz
Now, we can calculate the number of photons (n) using the energy formula:
E = nhf
438,000 J = n(6.626 x [tex]10^{-34[/tex] J·s)(4.41 x [tex]10^{14[/tex] Hz)
Solving for n:
n ≈ 6.35 x [tex]10^{15[/tex] photons
So, approximately 6.35 x [tex]10^15[/tex]photons are needed to make the reduction of 2 moles of NADP+ favorable for light absorbed at 680.000 nm.
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Pure substances cannot be separated by physical means into simpler substances. True or False?
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Predict whether the pHpH at the equivalence point for each titration will be acidic, basic, or neutral. Predict whether the at the equivalence point for each titration will be acidic, basic, or neutral. neutral for HFHF, and basic for HClHCl neutral for HClHCl, and basic for HFHF neutral for HFHF, and acidic for HClHCl neutral for HClHCl, and acidic for HFHF neutral for both
Answer:
pH at the equivalence point for titration of HF and HCl will be basic and neutral respectively.
Explanation:
pH at equivalence point depends on hydrolysis equilibrium of conjugated base present in mixture.
[tex]\Rightarrow[/tex] Neutralization reaction: [tex]HF+OH^{-}\rightleftharpoons F^{-}+H_{2}O[/tex]
Hence, at equilibrium, [tex]F^{-}[/tex] is present in mixture.
Hydrolysis reaction: [tex]F^{-}+H_{2}O\rightleftharpoons HF+OH^{-}[/tex]
Here HF is an weak acid and [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] is a strong base, So, resultant pH of the solution will be basic.
[tex]\Rightarrow[/tex] Neutralization reaction: [tex]HCl+OH^{-}\rightleftharpoons Cl^{-}+H_{2}O[/tex]
Hence, at equilibrium, [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] is present in mixture.
Hydrolysis reaction: [tex]Cl^{-}+H_{2}O\rightleftharpoons HCl+OH^{-}[/tex]
Here HCl is a strong acid and [tex]OH^{-}[/tex] is a strong base, So, resultant pH of the solution will be neutral.
Final answer:
At the equivalence point, titration of HCl with NaOH results in a neutral pH, while titration of HF with NaOH results in a basic pH.
Explanation:
To predict whether the pH at the equivalence point for each titration will be acidic, basic, or neutral, we need to consider the nature of the acid and base involved in the reaction. For the titration of a strong acid like hydrochloric acid (HCl) with a strong base like sodium hydroxide (NaOH), the equivalence point occurs at a pH of 7.00, resulting in a neutral solution. This is due to the formation of water from the neutralization reaction between HCl and NaOH.
However, for the titration of a weak acid like hydrofluoric acid (HF) with a strong base like NaOH, the equivalence point will be at a pH greater than 7, resulting in a basic solution. This occurs because the salt formed from the reaction of HF with NaOH gives a solution of sodium fluoride, NaF, which is basic due to the hydrolysis of F- anions in water.
Therefore, the pH of the equivalent point will be neutral for the titration of HCl with NaOH, and basic for the titration of HF with NaOH. The correct prediction for the titrations in question is that the equivalence point will be neutral for HCl and basic for HF.
A basketball has a volume of 7.1 L at a temperature of 300 k what is the volume of the basketball at 273 k
Answer:
The volume of the basketball at 273 K is 6.461 L
Explanation:
When the gas temperature increases, the molecules move faster and take less time to reach the walls of the container. This means that the number of crashes per unit of time will be greater. That is, there will be an increase in the pressure inside the container and the volume will increase.
Charles's Law is a gas law that relates the volume and temperature of a certain amount of gas at constant pressure. So, the ratio between volume and temperature will always have the same value:
[tex]\frac{V}{T} =k[/tex]
In this case, you know:
V1= 7.1 LT1= 300 KV2= ?T2= 273 KReplacing:
[tex]\frac{7.1 L}{300K} =\frac{V2}{273 K}[/tex]
Solving:
[tex]V2=\frac{7.1 L}{300K} *273 K[/tex]
V2= 6.461 L
The volume of the basketball at 273 K is 6.461 L
According to Charles's law, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure. Using the formula V1/T1 = V2/T2, we can calculate the volume of the basketball at 273 K.
Explanation:According to Charles's law, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure. We can use the formula V1/T1 = V2/T2 to solve this problem.
Given:
V1 = 7.1 LT1 = 300 KT2 = 273 KV2 = ?Using the formula, we can substitute the values and solve for V2:
V1/T1 = V2/T2
7.1 L / 300 K = V2 / 273 K
Cross multiplying, we get:
V2 = (7.1 L * 273 K) / 300 K
V2 = 6.46 L (rounded to two decimal places)
What’s the largest number?
○ 2 x 10^1
○ 5 x 10^3
○ 3 x 10^4
○ 7 x 10^-6
Answer:
3 x 10^4
Explanation:
○ 2 x 10^1 = 20
○ 5 x 10^3 = 5,000
○ 3 x 10^4 = 30,000
○ 7 x 10^-6 = 7/1,000,000
Answer:
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which term is defined as the sum of protons and neutrons in an atomic number?
a) charge number
b) mass number
c) atomic number
d) balance number
Answer: B) Mass Number
Answer:
C. Mass Number
Explanation:
took the test and got 100% so i know its right
Consider your experimental results from Part A of this lab. Suppose your strongest reducing agent were added to your strongest oxidizing agent. (Use the lowest possible coefficients. Omit states-of-matter from your answers.) (a) Write the half-reaction for your strongest reducing agent. chemPadHelp (b) Write the half-reaction for your strongest oxidizing agent. chemPadHelp (c) Note the number of electrons in each half reaction. In order to balance the number of electrons lost and gained, the oxidation half-reaction must be multiplied by and the reduction half-reaction must be multiplied by (d) Write the net redox reaction. chemPadHelp
Answer:
See Explaination
Explanation:
We can define an oxidizing agent as a reactant that removes electrons from other reactants during a redox reaction. The oxidizing agent typically takes these electrons for itself, thus gaining electrons and being reduced. An oxidizing agent is thus an electron acceptor.
Please kindly check attachment for further solutions in details.
In this example, the strongest reducing agent is Aluminum (Al) and the strongest oxidizing agent is the dichromate ion (Cr₂O₇²¯). They both involve 6 electrons in their respective half-reactions. Balancing and summing these half-reactions give the net redox reaction.
Explanation:To answer your experimental lab results query about redox reactions, we first identify our strongest oxidizing agent and reducing agent. An oxidizing agent is a substance that tends to oxidize other substances, meaning it is reduced. Conversely, a reducing agent reduces other substances while being oxidized itself.
Your strongest reducing agent might be represented by this half-reaction: 2Al(s) → 2Al³+ + 6e⁻, and your strongest oxidizing agent might be represented by: Cr₂O₇²¯ + 14H⁺ + 6e⁻ → 2Cr³+ + 7H₂0. Here, aluminum (Al) is losing electrons, so it's oxidized, and dichromate ion (Cr₂O₇²¯) is gaining electrons, so it's reduced.
So, identifying the number of electrons involved: Reducing half-reaction (Aluminum) = 6 electrons, Oxidizing half-reaction (Chromium) = 6 electrons. As the number of electrons in both half-reactions is equal, no multiplication is needed to balance them.
Now, combining these half-reactions to form the net redox reaction gives us: 2Al(s) + Cr₂O₇²¯ + 14H⁺ → 2Al³+ + 2Cr³+ + 7H₂0.
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A compound contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Combustion of 139.1 g of the compound yields 208.6 g of CO2 and 56.93 g of H2O. The molar mass of the compound is 176.1 g/mol. *Each part of this problem should be submitted separately to avoid losing your work* 1. Calculate the grams of carbon (C) in 139.1 g of the compound: grams 2. Calculate the grams of hydrogen (H) in 139.1 g of the compound. grams 3. Calculate the grams of oxygen (O) in 139.1 g of the compound. grams
Answer:
1. Mass of Carbon is 56.89g
2. Mass of Hydrogen is 6.33g
3. Mass of Oxygen is 75.88
Explanation:
The following were obtained from the question.
Mass of the compound = 139.1g
Mass of CO2 produced = 208.6g
Mass of H2O produced = 56.93
1. Determination of mass of Carbon (C). This is illustrated below:
Molar Mass of CO2 = 12 + (2x16) = 44g/mol
Mass of C = 12/44 x 208.6
Mass of C = 56.89g
2. Determination of the mass of Hydrogen (H). This is illustrated below:
Molar Mass of H2O = (2x1) + 16 = 18g/mol
Mass of H = 2/18 x 56.93
Mass of H = 6.33g
3. Determination of the mass of oxygen (O).
This is illustrated below:
Mass of the compound = 139.1g
Mass of C = 56.89g
Mass of H = 6.33g
Mass of O = Mass of compound - (mass of C + Mass of H)
Mass of O = 139.1 - (56.89 + 6.33)
Mass of O = 139.1 - 63.22
Mass of O = 75.88
Need help with this chemistry problem
Answer:
40g/mol
Explanation:
Step 1:
Data obtained from the question. This includes the following:
Volume (V) = 500mL = 500/1000 = 0.5L
Mass of gass = 1g
Temperature (T) = – 23°C = – 23°C + 273 = 250K
Pressure (P) = 105 KPa = 105/101.325 = 1.04 atm
Number of mole (n) =?
Gas constant (R) = 0.082atm.L/Kmol
Step 2:
Determination of the number of mole of the gas.
With the ideal gas equation, the number of mole of the gas can be obtained as follow:
PV = nRT
Divide both side by RT
n = PV / RT
n = (1.04 x 0.5)/(0.082 x 250)
n = 0.025mole
Step 3:
Determination of the molar mass of the gas:
This is illustrated below:
Mass of the gas = 1g
Number of mole of the gas = 0.025mole
Molar Mass of the gas =..?
Number of mole = Mass /Molar Mass
Molar Mass = Mass /number of mole
Molar Mass of the gas = 1/0.025
Molar Mass of the gas = 40g/mol
Therefore, the molar mass of the gas is 40g/mol
A hydrogen atom transitions from the n = 6 excited state to the n = 3 excited state, emitting a photon. a) What is the energy, in electron volts, of the electron in the n = 6 state? How far from the nucleus is the electron? b) What is the energy, in electron volts, of the photon emitted by the hydrogen atom? What is the wavelength of this photon? c) How many different possible photons could the n = 6 electron generate by dropping to a lower level (not just the n = 3 state)? d) After reaching the n = 3 state, the electron absorbs an photon with an energy of 50 eV, which ionizes the hydrogen atom (i.e., the electron reaches n=infinity). What is the wavelength of the electron after it is ejected from the hydrogen ato
Answer:
Explanation:
a ) energy, in electron volts, of the electron in the n = 6 state
= -13.6 / 6² eV
= - .378 eV .
b )
energy of n=3
= - 13.6 / 3²
= - 1.5111 eV
Difference = - .378 + 1.511
= 1.133 eV
the energy, in electron volts, of the photon emitted by the hydrogen atom
= 1.133 eV
c ) No of possible photons
= 6C₂
= 15
d) energy at n = 3
= - 1.5111 eV
50 eV energy is added to it so its energy
= 50 - 1.5111 eV
= 48.4889 eV .
From De broglie wavelength formula
λ = h / √ mE , m is mass of electron , E is kinetic energy h is plank's constant.
λ = 6.6 x 10⁻³⁴ / √ ( 9.1 x 10⁻³¹ x 48.4889 x 1.6 x 10⁻¹⁹ )
= 6.6 x 10⁻³⁴ / 26.57 x 10⁻²⁵
= .248 x 10⁻⁹ m
= .248 nm .
what is the best definition of nuclear fusion
Answer:
A nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in which atomic nuclei of low atomic number fuse to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy.
Answer:
Nuclear fusion is the joining of two or more nuclei into one nucleus
Explanation:
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