Parts of Dalton’s atomic theory were disproved. Do you think that this should be taken as a criticism of Dalton as a scientist? Use a description of what you think a good scientist is to support your answer.

Explanation:

As the shielding effect is the effect which occurs when electrons shield each other from being attracted by the nucleus.

The effective nuclear charge is the net effective positive charge experienced by the electrons in an atom.

The electronic configuration of bromine is as follows.

      [tex]1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2^p{6} 3s^{2} 3p^{6} 3d^{10} 4s^{2} 4p^{5}[/tex]

Since, 1s orbital is closure to the nucleus hence it will experience the greatest nuclear charge.

The atomic orbital in which an electron in a bromine atom experience the greatest effective nuclear charge is the 1s atomic orbital.

The electron configuration of bromine is as follows;

From Coulumb's law of electrostatic forces, the greater the distance between charges, the less is the effective nuclear charge felt.

Ultimately, the orbital in a bromine atom which experiences the greatest effective nuclear charge is the 1s orbital.

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Final answer:

The name for SO2 is sulfur dioxide, where 'sulfur' is the name of the element and 'dioxide' indicates the presence of two oxygen atoms.

Explanation:

The name for SO2 is sulfur dioxide. This compound is a mixture of sulfur and oxygen, where the sulfur atom is joined by two oxygen atoms. Sulfur, being lower in the periodic table, comes first in the compound's name. Since there are two oxygen atoms, we use the prefix 'di-' to indicate the quantity, resulting in 'dioxide' when combined with the stem 'ox-' and the suffix '-ide'. Therefore, the complete chemical name is sulfur dioxide. It is important to note that sulfur forms another common compound with oxygen, which is SO3 or sulfur trioxide. Each of these compounds has distinct chemical and physical properties, necessitating unique names for accurate identification.

Eukaryotic cells have specialized structures called organelles suspended in the cytoplasm, each with their own unique functions.

Eukaryotic cells have specialized structures suspended in the cytoplasm, known as organelles, which carry out specific functions.

Some of the organelles found in eukaryotic cells include:

These organelles, among others, contribute to the overall function and organization of eukaryotic cells.

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Final answer:

The change in electrical potential energy is equal to the work done to move a charge within an electric field, typically against or by the electric forces. Electrical potential energy can be calculated using the potential difference and the charge amount with the formula U = qV. An electron volt is used to measure energy changes in submicroscopic processes.

Explanation:

The change in electrical potential energy during the shrinking process can be understood as the work done to move a charge within an electric field. The work required to change the potential energy is equal to the change in potential energy of the system. In physics, work needed to bring a change in electric potential energy of a charge is done by or against the electric field. This concept is particularly relevant when considering potential difference and electron volts. The relationship between potential difference and electrical potential energy is that the potential difference (measured in volts) is the amount of electric potential energy per unit charge. An electron volt is a unit of energy that is equal to the energy gained by an electron when it moves through an electric potential difference of one volt. It is used to measure energy in submicroscopic processes. To determine the electric potential energy (U), given the potential difference (V) and the amount of charge (q), the equation U = qV can be used. When it comes to the potential energy itself, we often consider the change in potential energy because it is the change that results in observable physical effects, like the movement of charges or the work done by or against electric forces.

Answer:

An easy way to remember the diatomic molecules is HOFBrINCl

almost sounds like hofbrinkle

This will require considerable effort to break down a chemical if it is very stable. If anything is unstable, it will fall apart quickly and easily.

Chemical stability in chemistry refers to a chemical system's thermodynamic stability. When a system was still in its lowest energy state or in chemical relationship with its surroundings, thermodynamic stability occurs. It could be a dynamic relationship when the total number of atoms or molecules in a given shape is conserved despite the fact that individual molecules or atoms change forms.

Chemical systems may experience a series of chemical reactions or changes in the material's phase. A chemical substance's reactivity describes how it might react in a range of hypothetical chemical systems also, for a software set, how quickly such a reaction might develop. This will require considerable effort to break down a chemical if it is very stable. If anything is unstable, it will fall apart quickly and easily.

Therefore, this will require considerable effort to break down a chemical if it is very stable. If anything is unstable, it will fall apart quickly and easily.

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I just answered on my test. the answer is B.

The statement, that describes which must be true of Solution 2 that poured into Solution 1 with pH of 6.5 is "It is more acidic than Solution 1."

A solution's pH is a measure of its hydrogen ion concentration, which is a measure of its acidity. In other terms, pH is a scale that specifies the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution.

The scale ranges from zero (the most acidic) to fourteen (the most basic). The pH scale above shows that pure water has a pH value of 7. That is, pH values less than 7 are acidic, while pH values greater than 7 are alkaline (basic). As a result, solution 2 is acidic and contains more hydrogen ions than solution 1, because an acidic solution has a pH value less than 7.

Hence the correct answer is more acidic than Solution 1.

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Since so much of the data is shared and evaluated around the world, using the same measurement systems allows for no confusion among scientists. When they discuss and report, everyone understands what is being communicated.

Answer: It is equal to the sum of number of neutrons and protons.

Explanation:

Atomic mass of an element is defined as the sum of number of neutrons and number of protons that are present in an atom. It is represented as 'A'.

A = Atomic mass = Number of neutrons + Number of protons

For an element X having 5 protons and 6 neutrons, the atomic mass will be:

Atomic mass = 5 + 6

Hence, this is equal to the sum of number of neutrons and protons.

The atomic mass of an element is equal to the weighted average mass of its isotopes.

The atomic mass of an element is equal to the weighted average mass of the isotopes of that element. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons. The atomic mass is determined by the abundance of each isotope and its respective mass. For example, carbon has two main isotopes, carbon-12 and carbon-13, with atomic masses of 12 and 13 respectively. The atomic mass of carbon, therefore, is a weighted average of these two isotopes.

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To find the molecular formula from the empirical formula, multiply each subscript in the empirical formula by the number of empirical formula units per molecule. This number can be obtained by dividing the molecular mass by the empirical formula mass.

The molecular formula is derived from the empirical formula by multiplying each of its subscripts by n, which represents the number of empirical formula units per molecule. To find the value of n, you need to compare the molecular or molar mass of the compound to its empirical formula mass. Divide the molecular mass by the empirical formula mass to determine n. Then, multiply each subscript in the empirical formula by n to obtain the molecular formula.

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The weight of a satellite in a geosynchronous orbit is zero. This is because the satellite is in free fall, and the only force acting on it is the gravitational force of the Earth.

Weight is defined as the force of gravity acting on an object. In a geosynchronous orbit, the satellite is orbiting the Earth at the same rate that the Earth is rotating. This means that the satellite is always over the same spot on the equator. The satellite is also at an altitude of approximately 35,768 kilometers, which is very high above the Earth's surface.

At this altitude, the gravitational force of the Earth is much weaker than it is at sea level. In fact, it is only about 0.223 times the gravitational force at sea level.

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In a geosynchronous orbit, a 2000 kg satellite experiences a weight of approximately 0.223 N. This significant reduction occurs due to the increased distance from the Earth's center.

The weight of an object, including a satellite, is the gravitational force it experiences due to Earth's gravity. In a geosynchronous orbit, a satellite orbits Earth at a distance where its orbital period matches the Earth's rotation period, typically around 35,786 kilometers above the equator.

The formula to calculate the gravitational force (weight) on the satellite is given by Newton's law of universal gravitation: F = G * (m1 * m2) / r²

where: G is the gravitational constant, approximately 6.67430 x10⁻¹¹ N(m/kg)²

m1 is the mass of the Earth, approximately 5.972 x 1024 kg

m2 is the mass of the satellite, 2000 kg in this case

r is the distance from the center of the Earth to the satellite, about 42,164 kilometers (radius of Earth + altitude of geosynchronous orbit)

Plugging in these values, we get: F = (6.67430 x 10⁻¹¹ N(m/kg)²) * (5.972 x 10²⁴ kg) * (2000 kg) / (4.2164 x 10⁷ m)²

Weight, of approximately 0.223 N.

There are six orbitals completely filled in an atom that has 12 electrons.

The elementary electric charge of the electron is a negative one, making it a subatomic particle. The first generation of lepton particles includes electrons.

There are two electrons in each orbital, and their spins vary. An electron in a specific subshell can be located in an atom's orbital, a region of space. A maximum of two electrons with the opposite spin can fit in any orbital. One 1s orbital and two electrons are contained within the first shell.

Only a specific number of electrons can fit in each shell: the first shell can hold up to two, the second shell up to eight (2 + 6) electrons, the third shell up to 18 (2 + 6 + 10) electrons, and so on.

Thus, There are six orbitals completely filled in an atom that has 12 electrons.

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Final answer:

Joseph John Thomson discovered the electron, a fundamental negatively charged particle, developing the plum pudding model of the atom and earning a Nobel Prize for his contributions to physics.

Explanation:

British physicist Joseph John Thomson was the first to identify the electron, a negatively charged particle. In 1897, Thomson conducted groundbreaking experiments with cathode rays, proving that they were composed of particles rather than waves, because of their negative electric charge. He achieved this through meticulous experiments sending a pure beam of these particles through crossed electric and magnetic fields and balancing the fields until there was no net deflection of the beam. This allowed him to calculate the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron, revealing that its mass was significantly smaller than any known atom - precisely 1837 times smaller. Thomson's work led to the development of the plum pudding model of the atom, in which the atom was imagined as a sphere of positive charge with electrons dispersed within it, similar to plums in a pudding. His pioneering work paved the way for our modern understanding of the atomic structure and for this, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1906.

The molar heat of combustion of methanol is -745kJ/mol

This is heat released to the environment when one mole of a substance in this case methanol is completely burned.

Data given;

The number of moles of methanol is the ratio between the mass to the molar mass of methanol

[tex]n=\frac{m}{M}\\n=\frac{1.922}{32}\\n=0.06moles[/tex]

The number of moles present in 1.922g of methanol is 0.06moles.

This is the heat required to completely burn a substance

[tex]Q=mc[/tex]ΔT

[tex]Q=8.69*5.14=44.67kJ[/tex]

ΔH = [tex]-(\frac{Q}{n})[/tex]

n = number of moles

ΔH = [tex]-\frac{44.7}{0.06}=-745kJ/mol[/tex]

The molar heat of combustion is -745kJ/mol

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ANSWER

Lithium, rhenium , mercury , are metals out of given five elements.

As lithium is a alkali metal , rhenium and mercury both are transition metals.

based on the electronic configurations of the metals , they have valence electrons present in their valence shell  which are easily available for donation so that they can attain stable electronic configuration and thus they are considered as metals.

boron is a non metal which is the member of group 13 of the periodic table.

krypton is a noble gas which is a member of group 18 of the periodic table.

phosphorus is a non metal member of group 17 of the periodic table.

Deviations from the idealized bond angle occur due to the presence of lone electron pairs on the central atom. For the molecules PF3 and SBr2, the bond angles deviate from the ideal angles because of the lone pairs on the central atoms. On the contrary, CS2 and CHCl3, with no lone pairs on the central atom, do not deviate.

In Chemistry, deviations from the idealized bond angle are typically observed in molecules where one or more of the central atoms possess lone electron pairs. These lone pairs keep more space causing the bond angles to be less than the ideal angles predicted by the VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) model.

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To balance chemical equations, coefficients are adjusted so that the number of each type of atom and the charge are the same on both sides. For example, the reaction between magnesium and oxygen is balanced by writing 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO, demonstrating the principle of conservation of mass.

Balancing chemical equations involves adding coefficients to the reactants and products so that the same number of each type of atom occurs on both sides of the equation. To balance the listed equations:

The key to balancing equations is to systematically adjust coefficients, ensuring both mass and charge are conserved.

Answer:

Two examples of Carbohydrate : Galactose , Sucrose

Two examples pf Lipids : Fats , steroids