Answer:
Increase in risky driving behaviour and increasing fatalities.
Explanation:
Various researches about seat belts have revealed that although the person wearing the seat belt feels more secure but they drive less carefully and lead to more traffic accident hence the seat belt decrease the fatalities among the drivers wearing them while the fatalities of other people go up. It offsets the effects of the seat belts.
Seat belts provide safety to ever one in the vehicle and keeps you in place during impacts. Those who do not wear seat belts while in a vehicle are at greater risk of severe injury or death.
An economist might note mandatory seatbelt laws increase conformity costs, restricting personal freedom. These laws aim to protect society by ensuring personal safety in vehicles, exemplifying the trade-off between safety and personal liberties. The requirement of auto insurance is another such government intervention to manage risks and costs.
Explanation:An economist might point out that an unintended effect of mandatory seatbelt laws is the increase in conformity costs. These laws intend to reduce traffic fatalities by enforcing the use of safety measures like seatbelts. However, the individuals' freedom to choose whether or not to wear a seatbelt is restricted, leading to a conformity cost, which is the loss of personal freedom for the individuals who may prefer not to wear seatbelts. Additionally, mandatory laws often result in societal protection from the costs associated with providing medical and physical care to those severely injured in accidents due to not wearing a seatbelt.
While these measures are effective at reducing deaths and severe injuries, some individuals may feel that such regulations infringe upon their personal liberties. This exemplifies the trade-off between increasing safety and personal freedom. In the broader scope of public policy, this demonstrates how government interventions intended to protect the common welfare can sometimes lead to unintended consequences.
In the context of physics, understanding the mechanism of impulse and how safety features like seat belts and airbags work to increase the time of impact during a collision explains their efficacy. The increase in time of impact reduces the net force, thereby lessening the injuries to passengers. The implementation of auto insurance requirements can also be seen as a government intervention to manage the risks and costs involved in driving. Mandatory insurance helps cover accident-related expenses and spreads the risk among all insured drivers.
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Kathy Jenkins is planning to conduct research on consumers' personal care routines. Since the questions are likely to be personal and sensitive, Kathy wants to select a contact method that will encourage respondents to answer honestly. Which of the following contact methods is most likely to best serve Kathy's purpose?
Answer:
mail questionnaires
Explanation:
Mail questionnaire: In research, the term mail questionnaire is defined as a form or type of questionnaire that is being mailed by the researcher to the targeted persons or group, that possesses a specific collection of questions on a few specific topic being asked to them and determined as a part of the survey or interview which is used for researching on that particular topic.
Advantage: Anonymity and confidentiality.
In the question above, Kathy's purpose is being best served by a mail questionnaire.
A systematic examination of cultural artifacts or written documents to extract thematic data and draw conclusions about some aspect of social life is called ____________.
triangulation
content analysis
participant observation
survey research
Answer:
content analysis
John and Darrin always welcomed Lee when he sat with them during luch. One day John and Darrin ignored Lee when he sat down because they were having an important conversation. From then on John and Darrin ignored Lee with he sat with them. Eventually lee stopped sitting with them. What behavioral proceeded accounts for lees changed behavior?
Answer:
Extinction
Explanation:
Extinction is a recognized behavioral phenomenon capable of making a person to gradually adapt to a continuously changing environment. When a learned behavior begins to decrease in strength when there is no reinforcement. From the question, we can see that John and Darrin did not reinforce the behavior of welcoming Lee and thus gradually Lee began to adapt to a changing environment and reacted according to the situation by avoiding John and Darrin.
Lee's behavior changed due to the extinction process in operant conditioning, as the reinforcement of social interaction was removed when he was ignored by John and Darrin.
The behavioral procedure that accounts for Lee's changed behavior after being ignored by John and Darrin is known as extinction in operant conditioning. Extinction occurs when the reinforcement that previously followed a behavior is removed, and as a result, the behavior gradually decreases. In this case, the social reinforcement Lee received from sitting with John and Darrin (such as conversation and companionship) ceased, leading Lee to eventually stop the behavior of joining them for lunch because the reinforcement (social interaction) was no longer present.
A psychologist plans to study the development of "intelligence" and his primary concern is whether he will actually study intelligence rather than another phenomenon, such as "reading fluency." To address this concern, he must ensure:
Answer:
validity
Explanation:
The concern on setting a valid test to address the level of intelligence hs been an ongoing debate ever since IQ tests appeared:
For most people today there is a consensus that a general intelligence factor exists, and to measure it, a reliable test needs to be consistent over time and also show validity to be able to measure intelligence rather than "reading" "memory" or others side components of intelligence.
The IQ tests are today starting to take into account several formulas for also measuring the social and emotional components of intelligence.
Anaerobic is used in reference to exercise that primarily uses the energy system known as oxidative phosphorylation. Group of answer choices True False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Anaerobic or "without oxygen" is the exercise that primarily uses energy systems that are not dependent on oxygen such as creatine phosphate or anaerobic glycolysis. Aerobic, on the other hand, primarily uses the oxygen-dependent energy system like oxidative phosphorylation.
I hope you find this information useful and interesting! Good luck!
Based on previous court rulings, which of the following scenarios would most likely violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?
Answer:
For the first set of options, the correct answer is "A public school system uses race-based segregation"
For the second set of options, the correct answer is "A state law criminalizes intermarriage between white and black citizens"
Explanation:
The Equal Protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment mandates all state to govern its people without any form of partiality. This means that no distinctions or segregation should be drawn between two different sets of people of group based on different that are not relevant to the objectives of a legitimate government. In this light, a public system that uses race-based segregation already violates this clause. Also criminalizing marriage between black and white implies that a distinction is drawn between blacks and whites and this is a racial segregation and hence violates the equal protection clause.
Unequal treatment based on protected characteristics like race, color, ethnicity, sex, and sexual orientation violates the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The government can only treat people unequally if there is an important or compelling government interest. For example, anti-sodomy statutes were found to violate individuals' liberty and privacy rights under the Fourteenth Amendment.
Explanation:Based on previous court rulings, the scenario that would most likely violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment is when the government treats people unequally based on factors such as race, color, ethnicity, sex, gender, sexual orientation, religion, or disability. The reason for such unequal treatment must serve an important government interest or a compelling government interest. For example, in Lawrence v. Texas, the Supreme Court concluded that anti-sodomy statutes violated the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, as they infringed on individuals' liberty and privacy rights.
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Ever since Zack suffered a brain injury by falling from a ladder, his wife has continued to tell the doctor that his personality has changed. He used to be fun loving and carefree, but he is now more critical and yells at his children for seemingly little reason. Zack is likely to have suffered damage to the _____ lobe of his cortex. a. occipital lobe.
b. parietal lobe.
c. temporal lobe.
d. frontal lobe.
Answer:
d. frontal lobe.
Explanation:
Frontal lobe: The term frontal lobe is one of the parts of the brain which is responsible for controlling an individual's cognitive skills, for example, problem-solving, judgement, language, memory, emotional expression, and sexual behaviors. It is often denoted as the control panel of an individual's communication ability and personality.
If the frontal lobe of an individual gets injured, then his or her capabilities to recognize consequences and making good choices are being impaired. It increases irritability that can lead to change in the mood of the person and hinders behavior.
In the question above, Zack is likely to have suffered damage to the frontal lobe of his cortex.
A discipline that trains social scientists to study the contents of garbage heaps asks, "What can we learn from studying garbage?" This question would most likely be asked by a(n) ______.
Answer: anthropologist
Explanation: Anthropologists study the social science field where biology meets the past and present lives of human beings. This ranges from evolution to society and culture. Specific areas of interest may include the reason for overpopulation and why a disease is spreading.
An anthropologist may go through a refuse heap to study what kind of things people use in their daily lives, what and how much of these they dispose to understand culture and society.
What step in the ethical decision-making process must Kristof complete next if he has recognized the ethical issue and assembled the facts?
Answer:
Evaluate alternative actions.
Explanation:
After defining or recognizing the ethical issue and assembling facts concerning this issue, kristof would go ahead to evaluate alternative actions to weigh consequences of each action and determine the best option given the circumstances at hand.
Ethical decision making steps or process is a part of the ethical decision making framework which contain principles on which ethical decisions are made.
The Earth subsystem that represents the circulation of Earth's water throughout the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere is know as the:______________
Answer:
Water cycle
Explanation:
The Earth subsystem that represents the circulation of Earth's water throughout the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere is know as the water cycle.
The water cycle, also known as hydrological cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth and It is made of five steps which are; Evaporation, Condensation, Sublimation, Precipitation, Transpiration, Runoff and Infiltration.
This process circulates water throughout the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere and geosphere.
The Earth subsystem that represents the circulation of Earth's water throughout the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere is called the water cycle. The water cycle is a continuous process where water moves between different components of the Earth system.
Explanation:The Earth subsystem that represents the circulation of Earth's water throughout the hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere is called the water cycle. The water cycle is a continuous process in which water moves from one component of the Earth system to another. It involves processes such as evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff. For example, water evaporates from the hydrosphere, condenses to form clouds in the atmosphere, falls as precipitation, and eventually flows back into the hydrosphere through rivers and groundwater.
Dawson is giving a speech on safe driving. During his speech, he talks about a traffic cop who lost his license because he received too many speeding tickets. This is an example of using ______________ as verbal humor.
Answer: Irony
Explanation:
Irony is defined as statement or words that are stated to convey the exact opposite meaning or message behind the statement.It is usually used for humor in developing content, sarcastic situation , conveying opposite attitude etc.It does not hurt other person's feeling through verbal statements.
According to the question,Dawson is using irony in verbal form to describes the safe driving incident.He is giving example of traffic cop to convey the opposite message of safe driving importance by inducing humor in his speech.
Identifying hidden assumptions in arguments can be difficult at times. What five tips were mentioned that might help you in this task?
-Listen very carefully
-Identifying the main point
-Identify the reasons
-Look for for hidden reasons
-Ask lots of questions
I hope this helped :)
A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of:_______.
a) an algorithm.
b) the availability heuristic.
c) functional fixedness.
d) belief perseverance.
Answer: An algorithm
Explanation: Computer programs are algorithms. They are finite set of rules or instructions carefully written to perform a specific task. The algorithm is written in a flexible manner without the moves being 'hard-coded', This allows the program to adjust and routinely calculate all possible game moves.
Hard coding the moves reduces the flexibility of the algorithm. Hard coding is used when there is something we want to embed within our program permanently without being changed.
The algorithm only states the rules of the game, without the limiting the moves a player can make.
A chess-playing computer program that calculates all outcomes is using an algorithm, a step-by-step problem-solving strategy that ensures accuracy.
Explanation:A chess-playing computer program that examines all possible outcomes of all possible moves is using a problem-solving strategy known as an algorithm. This is because an algorithm is a step-by-step procedure that guarantees a correct solution to a problem, similar to a highly detailed recipe. Unlike heuristics, which serve as mental shortcuts or "rules of thumb" to efficiently arrive at a solution, algorithms involve thorough calculation and are often utilized in computational tasks such as chess programs.
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Emile Durkheim is remembered for the path-breaking research in which he found that are influenced by ______________________, and not just by individual choices.
Answer:
influenced by social factors
Explanation:
Emile Durkheim is remembered for the path-breaking research in which he found that are influenced by social factors and not just by individual choices.
The rates which are influenced by social factors are s u i c i d e
note: since this word is in appropriate so with it with spaces
A social scientist is doing research in a/an _____manner to the extent (s)he follows the guidelines that have been established for her/his profession and which have been designed to protect the welfare of research subjects.
Answer: Ethical
Explanation:
Ethical manner involved while researching is the process for carrying out researching with certain standards and guidelines that is required to be followed in research field and profession. Following ethics while conducting research requires maintain values, practicing just practices, well-being of participant , dignity maintenance etc.
According to the question, researcher is performing his/her study based on ethics as he/she is following guidelines for maintaining welfare of research professional field while conducting research.
Which mental health disorders are characterized by a loss of contact with relaity and a breakdown of normal social functioning?
Answer: Psychosis
Explanation:
Schizophrenia and certain severe personality disorders are the mental health disorders known for causing a loss of contact with reality and impaired social functioning. These conditions are thoroughly defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).
Explanation:The mental health disorders characterized by a loss of contact with reality and a breakdown of normal social functioning primarily include schizophrenia and certain severe personality disorders. Schizophrenia is marked by symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, social withdrawal, and a deterioration of adaptive behavior. It affects a considerable number of individuals globally, including about 3 million Americans.
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association, outlines criteria needed to diagnose schizophrenia, including experiencing symptoms for a significant duration, impacted social or occupational functioning, and the exclusion of other related disorders.
This amendment was created primarily for the purpose of A) punishing southern states. B) avoiding another Civil War. C) pardoning Confederate veterans. D) granting former slaves suffrage.
I think it might be A
Answer: i guess is a
Explanation:
The measure the federal government uses to calculate the cash income Americans need to satisfy minimum living needs and uses it to determine how many people are poor is called:
Answer:
poverty thresholds
Explanation:
A poverty thresholds is most popularly known as the poverty limit and it is defined as the minimum income which is considered sufficient enough to sustain the basic human need in any particular country. Thus the federal government of the United States calculate the per capita income of its people in order to calculate the number of poor people and the minimum income of the people to meet their social living.
If you were to propose one additional step in the scientific method beyond the common last step of "conclusion," which of the following choices is a reasonable selection?a. Review your background information to make sure your conclusion fits with other similar conclusions.b. Rerecord your results to fit your conclusion more precisely.c. Reword your hypothesis to more correctly fit with your chosen conclusion.d. Create a further question, based on your new conclusion that can lead to further experiments in the future.e. Go back and make further observations to support your conclusion.
Sondra, who lives in Maine, hears on the evening news that 25 people were killed in a tornado in south Texas. Sondra experiences no anxiety upon hearing of this stressful situation. What is the most likely that Sondra experiences no anxiety?
Answer:
b.
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that the most likely reason for Sondra's reaction is that she appraises the event as irrelevant to her own situation. Therefore since the event does not affect her own life or situation she passes it off as unimportant and instead focuses on the situations around her that are affecting her personally.
Which of the following areas is MOST likely to be densely populated?
a.A rain forest with diverse species
b.A mountainous area with little rainfall A desert with mineral deposits
c.A coastal area with fertile soil
d.A tundra area with permafrost
Answer:
c. A coastal area with fertile soil
Explanation:
People are more likely to densely populated a coastal area with fertile soil. On the one hand, coastal area provides access to the water. If it's the coastal area of the sea or ocean it is likely to mean possibility of transportation and goods import / export. The fertile soil, on the other hand means possibility to grow crops, vegetables and fruits that would feed the population. Take the example of California, which is the most populous state in the United States.
Answer:
c.A coastal area with fertile soil
Explanation:
The ________ perspective suggests that human behavior and characteristics are distributed along a continuum called the normal curve.
Answer:
The deficit perspective
Explanation:
The deficit perspective suggests that human behavior and characteristics are distributed along a continuum called the normal curve.
The deficit perspective of disability suggest that human behavior and characteristics shared by people are distributed along a continuum. There are three major perspectives of disability; the deficit, cultural and sociological.
To control for experimenter bias as well as extraneous variables such as severity of condition, attitudes, and age, researchers use _____ assignment in establishing their experimental and control groups.
Answer:
random
Explanation:
Random assignment: In scientific or psychological research, the term random assignment is defined as the utilization of chance procedures in psychological research pr experiments to make sure that every subject or participant involved in a particular study gets the equal opportunity of getting assigned in any of the group, for example, treatment group or experimental group, etc.
In the question above, the given statement states the use of random assignment.
How would high levels of insulin affect appetite?
Answer: Increased hunger and chronic craving for carbohydrates
Explanation: Even if we're not hungry, the body can give us signals to eat, chiefly among the hormones responsible for this is the insulin. Insulin let's energy be sourced from glucose molecules directly from the bloodstream. Abnormally high levels of insulin allows sugar molecules to go iti cells unchecked and this results in an apparent sensation of hunger letting you eat more. Also, consuming high levels of carbs without balancing it with other food classes could lead to abnormal cravings for carbohydrates which could become chronic.
What is an activity-based approach to designing a costing system? A. An activity-based approach traces direct costs to a cost object by using the actual direct-cost rates times the actual quantities of the direct-cost inputs. Indirect costs are allocated based on the actual indirect-cost rates times the actual quantities of the cost-allocation bases. B. An activity-based approach refines a costing system by focusing on individual activities as the fundamental cost objects. It uses the cost of these activities as the basis for assigning costs to other cost objects such as products or services. C. An activity-based approach describes a particular costing approach that uses broad averages for assigning the cost of resources uniformly to cost objects. D. An activity-based approach means making changes that result in cost numbers better measuring the way different cost objects, such as products, use different amounts of resources of the company. These changes require the assignment of costs to direct and indirect cost pools and the use of a single indirect-cost rate.
Answer:
An activity-based approach refines a costing system by focusing on individual activities as the fundamental cost objects. It uses the cost of these activities as the basis for assigning cost objects such as products or services.
Explanation:
This is a costing system that works by allocating costs to different cost items based on the activity level of these items. This as opposed to traditional costing methods, assigns indirect or overhead cost to products or services less arbitrarily through identifying products or services with most activity or less activity and allocating costs to them based on this measurement.
Alex received a four-year scholarship to State U. that covered tuition and fees, room and board, and books and supplies. If Alex becomes a full-time student, then:
Answer:
A the opportunity cost of attending State U includes the money Alex could have earned working for four years.
Explanation:
Since Alex will be a full-time student, it means that he will not be able to work. Thus the opportunity cost of Alex attending State U will include the money he would have made working for four years. Opportunity cost it the economic value of an alternative forgone, working and earning wages is an alternative Alex will forgo to study in State U.
Final answer:
The specifics regarding the scholarship Alex has received are outlined, though the question does not present a clear inquiry requiring an actionable answer. Instead, it seems to provide situational context possibly as a prompt for further questions or discussions regarding Alex's circumstances or decisions moving forward on utilizing the scholarship resources as a full-time student.
Explanation:
Understanding the details of a scholarship is crucial for planning academic life at a university. Scholarships like the one Alex has can cover essential costs, thereby providing a stable platform for students to pursue their education without the added pressure of financial hardships. This allows students to engage with their college experience more fully and take advantage of additional opportunities like extracurricular activities, internships, and networking events that might have been challenging to consider without such support.
Ruth is 78 years of age, and recently reported to her ophthalmologist that she has developedsome changes in the way she sees colors. Which of the following age-related changes to the eyemight best explain her experience?
a. The corneas in her eyes are changing in their thickness.
b. The lenses in her eyes are beginning to yellow.
c. The irises in her eyes are losing their elasticity.
d. The retinas of her eyes are losing photoreceptors.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
The age-related changes that best explain her experience is the lenses in her eye are beginning to yellow. This, yellow lens, leads to absorption and scattering of blue. This absorption and scattering of blue light makes difficult to easily tell the difference between shades of blue, green and violet.
Maribel is on a jury and she is already convinced that the defendant in the case is not guilty. She listens very attentively to everything the defense attorneys have to say, but she tends to pay less attention when the prosecution is presenting evidence. In this instance, Maribel is showing evidence of:
A. a confirmation bias
B. the framing effect
C. functional fixedness
D. the availability heuristic
Answer: A. A confirmation bias
Explanation: Since Maribel is already convinced that the defendant is not guilty, she seeks proof, or rather, confirmation of her opinion, feeling, conviction, etc. That is why she carefully listens to what the defense lawyer has to say, while paying less attention to the prosecutor's statement. This means that Maribel has a certain bias towards the accused and seeks confirmation of her bias, that is, her conviction that the accused is not guilty.
The term confirmation bias in psychology means favouring information that confirms one's opinion (bias), while ignoring information that states the opposite. This means that confirmation bias is, in fact, a kind of cognitive bias, because Maribel has already cognitively perceived (decided) the accused for some reason not guilty, although may exists evidence to the contrary.
When Mayo Elton did his now-classic experiment on worker productivity, he found that he could increase productivity by changing variables in a work environment, but that changing variables back also increased productivity. What did he conclude was the true cause of the increase in productivity?a. a decrease in sick daysb. his own bias c. the effect of being studiedd. the effect of change in the workplace, as it broke workers’ routines and made them more alerte. increased lighting and longer breaks
Answer:
c. the effect of being studied
Explanation
George Elton Mayo was a famous Australian industrial researcher and a psychologist. Elton Mayo's theory states that the employees are more motivated by relational factors than by monetary factors or rewards. These relational factors includes camaraderie and attentions. This factors motivates the employees and the productivity of the employees are increased.
In order to prove his theory, he did change few variables in order to increase the productivity and thus he concluded that the effect of being studied is the true reason for the increase in productivity.
"________ are people within a reference group who, because of special skills, knowledge, personality, or other characteristics, exert influence on others."
Opinion leader are people within a reference group who, because of special skills, knowledge, personality, or other characteristics, exert influence on others.
Explanation:
An opinion leader is a well-known person or company that can affect a common view on the topic focus. They are the promoter/recommender of their particular recesses. They have a giving vitality and regularly accord their expertise with the participants on social media.
Because opinion leaders can endorse a company's commodity or plan, marketers usually attempt out opinion leaders for collaborations, progression operations, or commodity permissions. They understand the media reports and set them into circumstances for the broader community.
Final answer:
Opinion leaders are individuals within a reference group who influence others due to their skills, knowledge, or personality. They play a significant role in shaping opinions and establishing social norms within various social circles. Identifying opinion leaders and reference groups is important for personal development, especially in new environments like college.
Explanation:
People within a reference group who, because of special skills, knowledge, personality, or other characteristics, exert influence on others are known as opinion leaders. These individuals can shape ordinary people’s opinions, either purposefully or inadvertently, through their role in directing conversations, leading by example, or simply by being admired and emulated. Opinion leaders can be found in various social circles and can emerge organically within a reference group due to their personal attributes and social relationships.
Reference groups serve as a standard for people to compare themselves with, impacting their behavior and establishing social norms. They can take numerous forms, from peer groups and family units to cultural centers and work environments. Being aware of the influence of reference groups and engaging with positive reference groups can be crucial for personal development, especially for students integrating into new social environments such as college.