molecules are attracted to one another by van der waals forces. how do van der waals forces compare with ionic and covalent bonds

Final answer:

The three spheres that interact in the process of climate change due to the melting of polar ice are the atmosphere, cryosphere, and hydrosphere.

Explanation:

The increase of greenhouse gases, due to human activity, is melting sea ice at the poles and causing changes in climate. In this process, three spheres that interact are the atmosphere (where greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide trap heat), the cryosphere (which includes all of the Earth's frozen water, particularly the polar ice that is melting), and the hydrosphere (since melting sea ice directly affects the oceans). These spheres all contribute to the Earth's climate system and are impacted by human-induced climate change.

The seed he waters twice a day

Answer:

Point source pollution:

Non-point source pollution:

Explanation:

According to United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations, point source pollution is a type of pollution in which contaminant is released into the environment from an easily identified source. In the examples given above, smoke from a factory, sewage, and oil effluents are coming from easily identifiable sources.

On the other hand, a non-point source of pollution is the release of contaminant in the environment through diffused or unidentifiable sources. In the examples given above, smoke from cars could be stated as non-point sources of pollution because vehicles are in a continously moving state.

Smoke from a factory and sewage are classified as point source pollution due to their identifiable origins, whereas smoke from cars represents non-point source pollution due to its diffuse sources. Oil from a garage can be classified as point source pollution when it comes from a particular location.

The classification of pollution sources into point source pollution and non-point source pollution is based on their emissions and locations. Point source pollution comes from identifiable, confined, and discrete locations, while non-point source pollution comes from widespread, diffuse sources.

Understanding these distinctions helps in the application of environmental regulations and informs the strategies for mitigating the impacts of pollution.

Question:

Which value is being measured in the columns labeled "Fraction remaining” and "Percentage remaining”?

Answer:

"Amount of material that has not decayed" being measured in the columns labelled "Fraction remaining” and "Percentage remaining”

Explanation:

The table shown below having explains about the half life , the  amount of sample in both fraction and percentage. The first column named half life elapsed tells  us the the number of half life that that is completed. Half life is the time taken for an element to reduce or decay into half of its initial amount.

The fraction remaining column gives the amount of sample that is left behind  after the half life particular number of half life has completed.  similarly the percentage remaining column gives the amount of sample in percentage. For example, the 5th row tells us that after 4 half life is over [tex]\frac{1}{16} th[/tex] of the sample remained. In percentage it is 6.25%

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Answer:

Cellular respiration is the biological process that occurs in both plants and animals.

Option (row )2 is the right one that fits in the equation.

A + B → D + ATP + H2O (In the presence of C)

A. glucose

B. O2

C. Enzyme

D. CO2

Glucose + O2 → CO2 + ATP + H2O (in the presence of Enzyme)

Cellular respiration is a reverse process of photosynthesis. During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is gradually broken down into carbon dioxide and water. Along the way, some ATP is produced directly in the reactions that transform glucose.

Answer: B

A-Glucose

B-Oxygen

C- Enzyme

D- CO2

Complete Equation

Glucose + Oxygen → ATP +  C02  + H20.

                            enzyme

Explanation:

This  represented the chemical pathway of Cellular respiration. it is the process of breaking down glucose in the cytoplasm to pyruvate in presence of enzymes(hexokinase, phosphorfructokinase) the process is called  Glycolysis,

The use of the pyruvate as acetyl Co A combined with oxaloacetate to generate ATP, and produce C02 and H20 vapour as by-products in a pathway called Kreb-Cycle. H+ are removed by Coenzymes NADH+ and FADH+

The NADH+ and FADH+  are transferred  to the mitochondria matrix , where Hydrogen  is split to H+ and e-for ECT,  The e- forms the electron transport chain, and while the H+ is pumped by PMF across the mitochondria intramembrane to generate energy  from electrochemical gradients which is needed  for ATPs synthesis, by ATPase synthase. Oxygen is the final oxygen acceptor.    

Thus option B is the answer.

Answer:

a) ribosomes

Explanation:

cause its not seen

Answer:

The smooth ER does not have any visible A) Ribosomes

Explanation:

This is because they cannot be seen within the smooth ER, but their presence is very much real.

Answer:

Much of the focus of environmental science is to address the environmental problems that emerged from the industrial revolution.

Explanation:

The industrial revolution affected the environment, due to rise in population which also accompanied with the standard of living which led to the exploitation of the natural resources. The use of various chemicals, as well as the fuels for running the factories caused the increased air and water pollution. With more use of fossil fuels. The industrial revolution has also other negative effects like, very bad working condition, poor living condition, low wages and child labor.

Answer:

Bacteria are important because of their extreme flexibility and capacity for rapid growth and reproduction. This statement is- TRUE

Explanation:

Bacteria can grow best in their optimum environment. But they can survive in extreme conditions also.

Temperature- Optimum temperature for bacterial growth is 20- 45 degree Celsius. But Psychrophiles can survive on the lower temperature also . They can survive on refrigerator temperature lower than 4 degree Celsius.

Thermophiles even can grow on higher temperature up to 80 degree Celsius. Some hyperthermophiles has been discovered which can survive temperature ranging from 80-121 degree Celsius. Bacteria are discovered from hydrothermal vents where temperature is measured 340 degree Celsius. For bacteria obtained from hydrothermal vents optimal growth temperature is 100 degrees Celsius.

Like extreme temperature , bacteria can grow in extreme salt concentration are known as HALOPHILES.

Aerobic bacteria require oxygen to survive. But without oxygen also they can survive i,e. ANAEROBIC bacteria.

They can grow in highly acidic medium as well as highly alkaline medium.

They can survive in these extreme conditions , this flexibility and tolerance comes from their genes. Because of their very short duplication time /multiplication time they can achieve this tolerance. E. coli bacteria found in human intestine has very short doubling time of 20 minutes. They have ability to change /mutate their genes according to the survival condition. In genetic engineering also the advantage of using  microbe with shorter duplication time is useful. Within few minutes one can get the result whether the desire gene is expressed or not.

ATP synthesis is done as the electrons move through the  1 2 3 and 4 and hydrogen ion is pushed to the intermembrane space. As the hydrogen ion comes back to the matrix through the ATP synthase enzyme the ATP is produced.

Option C

ATP synthesis takes place in the mitochondria. All the hydrogen carriers get saturated through the glycolisis and the Kreb's Cycle. As these carriers comes to the inner membrane of mitochondria, there are four complexes of different electron carriers. [tex]NADH_2[/tex] goes to the complex 1 and [tex]FADH_2[/tex] goes to the complex 2.

Each complex takes the hydrogen ion from the carriers and pushes them to the intra Membranous space of the mitochondria. There the hydrogen ion concentration increases to a severe extent. As this goes on, the hydrogen ions come back to the mitochondrial matrix through a pump which is called ATP synthase which produces one ATP molecule for 3 hydrogen ion transport. Thus ATP is produced.

The oxygen is taken by cytochrome [tex]a_3[/tex] of complex 4 which is then reduced by the electrons of the hydrogen carriers and reacted with the protons to convert it to water.

Answer: It's "C"

Explanation:NAD+ and FADH donate electrons which move through the cristae; H+ ions are pumped out of the matrix; ATP and water are produced, and oxygen is consumed.

Answer & Explanation:

A natural spring can be described as groundwater flowing naturally to the surface where it is lower than the water table. Water is present in the ground, which is under our feet in soil spaces and in the fractures of rock formations. There comes a point where the ground water is recharged and flows to the surface naturally. The water that naturally flows to the surface is called springs.

Groundwater flowing naturally to the surface where it is lower than the water table statement best describes a spring.

An underground layer of rock or silt that contains groundwater, the top of the saturated zone, naturally occurring groundwater that rises to the surface below the water table.

When groundwater is present below the water table and flows naturally to the surface, it is referred to as a natural spring.

Water can be found in the soil gaps beneath our feet and in the cracks in rock formations. At some point, the groundwater is naturally recharged and flows to the surface. Springs are places where water rises to the surface naturally.

Therefore, groundwater flowing naturally to the surface, where it is lower than the water table.

Learn more about groundwater, here:

https://brainly.com/question/19620652

#SPJ6

The given question is incomplete, so most probable complete question is,

Which statement best describes a spring?

the top of the saturated zone

an underground layer of rock or sediment that holds groundwater

groundwater flowing naturally to the surface where it is lower than the water table

a vent in Earth’s surface that periodically ejects a column of hot water and steam

Explanation:

it's a set of volcanoes along a plate tectonic. they are created by a divergent boundary which creates seafloor spreading

Answer:

The answer is C.(The sequence reads UGU) (non sens mutation are the most harmful)

Answer:

The sequence reads UGU; a change in the third base from U to A

Explanation:

I just took this test and got it right, good luck with all your stuff!!

Answer:

Gene regulation in eucaryotic cells represents mechanisms that influence gene expression.

Explanation:

This gene expression is regulated via repressors or activators of transcription.

Gene expression is a process that contains information from a transcript gene and translates it into a functional gene product. End products of gene expression are proteins.

Gene regulation is a process that cells and viruses are using to regulate the transformation of gene information into gene products.

Transcription factors are those proteins that regulate gene transcription. Those factors help the real genes to enter the right cells in the body.

The expression of eukaryotic genes is controlled by transcription. This transcription is controlled by proteins that are connecting to regulatory sequences and change the RNA activity. Gene regulation process is developed by combining different proteins of regulation.

Answer:

D. all of the above​

Explanation:

Biome refers to a large and relatively distinct terrestrial region having similar climatic conditions regardless of where it occurs on Earth. The characteristic climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation being the most important ones) and soil type of each biome type determine the type of plant species found there. Therefore, each biome is characterized by specific flora.  

For example, a desert biome is a temperate or tropical biome characterized by a lack of precipitation, seasonal variations in temperature and poor soil type with low organic matter that limits plant growth. Desert biomes have only the plant species that can survive these harsh conditions.  

Answer:

The earth is a closed system because only energy is naturally transferred outside the atmosphere.

Explanation:

All systems inside the Earth, on the other hand, are open systems as both energy and matter can be transferred between the systems and their surroundings.

Answer:

The process is called freezing.

Explanation:

The process in which matter changing from the liquid to the solid state is called Freezing. Generally the freezing point of liquid like  water is 32°F or 0°C. Freezing is just the opposite of melting in which a solid melted to liquid. different liquid has different freezing point. the freezing point of liquid nitrogen at a pressure of one atmosphere is -345.8°F.

Final answer:

The process where matter changes from a liquid to a solid state is called freezing, occurring when heat is removed from a liquid, causing its particles to slow down and solidify.

Explanation:

The process of matter changing from the liquid to the solid state is known as freezing. This occurs when heat is removed from a substance, causing its particles to slow down and come closer together until the liquid becomes a solid. This transition is an example of a phase change, more specifically, it is one of the six common phase changes between the three states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas.

During freezing, the heat energy is subtracted from the liquid which decreases the motion of the particles. When the temperature reaches the substance's freezing point, the molecules have slowed sufficiently to arrange into a fixed, orderly structure, resulting in a solid. The freezing point is an important physical property and is specific to the substance being frozen. Examples include water freezing at 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit to become ice.

Answer:

The answer is C.

Explanation:

Fundamental attribution error is drawing conclusions on the people based only on internal factors ( personality) of one person. These personal characteristics are overemphasized that external (situational) factors aren't even thought about. In this particular case, fundamental attribution error would be claiming that Chris earned good grades only because of his internal characteristics (his intelligence).

Answer:

C. is the correct answer

Explanation:

Hope that this helps. Peace and Love

Answer:

The correct option is 'replication of chromosomes.'

Explanation:

Mitosis can be described as a type of cell division in which two daughter cells are produced which are identical to the parent cell. crossing over or independent assortment does not occur during this process. The cells produced by this method do not have to replicate their chromosomes. Hence, this option is not true.

Other options are true like the alignment of chromosomes along the cell's equator happens during the metaphase of mitosis.

Answer:

The answer is b or  The species could be human because it has gill slits, limb buds, and a tail.

Explanation:

When Humans are in the embryology stage we have tails, gill slits, and also buds of that are the beginings for limbs

They offer solid proof of natural selection. The tail and gill slits found in all early vertebrate embryos are just two examples of embryological evidence that suggests similar ancestry. Thus, option B is correct.

In fact, young human embryos do have slits in their necks that resemble gills. Instead of because we go through a “fish stage” while growing into physiologically perfect beings within our mothers' wombs.

Due to a shared ancestor and some DNA between humans and fish, this is almost certainly true. Given that it has limb buds, gill slits, and a tail, the species might be human.

In chordates, the anterior part of the digestive tract (pharynx) has pouches or slits. These are present during development in all vertebrate species and play a role in gas exchange and feeding in fish and some amphibians.

Therefore, When Humans are in the embryology stage we have tails, gill slits, and also buds of that are the beginnings for limbs.

Learn more about human embryo here:

https://brainly.com/question/14256309

#SPJ6

Answer:

the wings of a dragonfly and the wigs of a bat

Answer:

•(HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURE)the front leg of a horse and the wing of a bat

•(ANALOGOUS STRUCTURE); the wings of a dragonfly and the wings of a bat

•(VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE); the hip and shoulder bones of snakes

Explanation:

Homologous structures refers to those organs or skeletal elements of animals and organisms that posses some connection to a common ancestor. Though the structures may not have the same appearance or function.Example of homologous structures can be noticed in these organisms;

1.) the wings of a bat

2.)the arms of a human.

Both Bats and humans have ancestry that is common and they are both mammals with similar internal bone structure.

Analogous structures reffer to as biological structures with similar functions but from evolutionary origin that are different.Analogous can also be described as having similar structures in unrelated organisms. These structures are similar because perform same job, not as a result of sharing common ancestry.

Vegitive structures that have no feasible function and seems to be residual parts from thier past ancestor. They include: the pelvic bone of a snake, and the wings of flightless birds.

Answer:

there are 4 aluminium atoms on the reactants side that combines with 4 other oxygen atoms.

Explanation:

The statement is false because both temperature and pressure play crucial roles in determining the state of matter, alongside intermolecular forces and energy changes.

While temperature is a critical factor in determining the state of matter (solid, liquid, and gas), it is not the only factor; pressure also plays a significant role. For example, water can exist as ice (solid), liquid water, or steam (gas) primarily dependent on temperature.

However, the application of pressure can alter the temperature at which these changes occur. Atmospheric pressure impacts the boiling point of liquids, which is why water boils at a lower temperature at higher elevations where air pressure is lower. Moreover, the ability of a substance to change states between solid, liquid, and gas involves energy changes and intermolecular forces, indicating that the state of matter is the result of a balance between kinetic energy (dependent on temperature) and intermolecular attractions (which can be influenced by pressure).

The question is:

True or False:

Solid, liquid and gas states of matter are determined only by temperature.

Answer:

So many factors influence the climate. Some of them are ocean currents, latitude, distance from the ocean, elevation, etc.

Explanation:

The distance from the ocean influences the climate of the place. If the place is located on the coast, the climate will be colder and humidity will be higher.

Thanks to ocean currents the temperature can be changed. Ocean currents can low the temperature but also make it very high.

Latitude has an influence also regarding the temperature. Elevation, as it gets higher, the air above is falling, so the pressure decreases.

Regarding all the factors above, we can say that New York has hot summers, with high humidity and very cold winters, full of snow. Close to the river, the ground is muddy and going to the mountains, the ground is getting rocky

Answer:

The correct answer is option C.

Explanation:

Atom has three subatomic particles;

Electron : Negatively charged species found inside an atom and outside of the nucleus.

Proton: Positively charged species found inside the nucleus of an atom.

Electron : Neutral charge species found inside the nucleus of an atom

Generally an atom is an electrically neutral species with equal number of electrons and protons.

According to question,The correct labeling of the U is an electron.

The part of the atom that is shown in the diagram is the U as electron that is in option C. Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that are present outside of the nucleus. So option C is correct.

Protons are positively charged subatomic particles found within the nucleus of an atom. They have a relative charge of +1 and a relative mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu). The number of protons in an atom's nucleus determines its atomic number, which is a fundamental property used to identify elements. Neutrons are electrically neutral subatomic particles also located in the nucleus of an atom. They do not carry any charge, so their relative charge is 0. Neutrons have a mass similar to protons, approximately 1 amu. Electrons are negatively charged subatomic particles that orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels, or electron shells. 

Hence, electron is correct option . So, option C is correct.

Learn more about the electron here.

https://brainly.com/question/12001116

#SPJ3

Answer:

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON). Nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (CHON P).

Explanation:

A chicken provides protein and therefore the chicken will have the molecules present in a protein

Chicken contains essential organic molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Proteins in chicken are particularly valuable for their amino acids, while the nutritional quality can vary based on farming practices.

The organic molecules found in chicken include a variety of important classes necessary for the body's nutrition and biological functions. These molecules are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids (fats), and nucleic acids. Chicken provides proteins that are broken down during digestion to amino acids, which are then used by the body as building blocks for new proteins and as precursors for nucleic acids. The body also converts excess carbohydrates into glucose, which is used as energy, and stores any surplus in the form of glycogen. While the body can synthesize many molecules, essential nutrients like certain fatty acids and vitamins must come from our diet.

One of the key nutritional aspects of chicken is that it is a rich source of protein, essential for building and repairing tissues. However, it's important to note that the nutritional quality of chicken can be affected by farming practices. For instance, chicken from concentrated animal-feeding operations may have higher levels of saturated fat and lower quantities of beneficial compounds like omega-3 fatty acids compared to those from other sources.

Answer:

542 million years ago during the Precambrian period

Stromatolites were most abundant during the Precambrian Era. These layered structures were formed by photosynthetic cyanobacteria over 3 billion years ago. Modern-day stromatolites offer insights into early life on Earth.

The era characterized by stromatolites as the most abundant fossil is the Precambrian Era. Stromatolites, which are layered structures formed by the activity of photosynthetic cyanobacteria, have been found in fossil records dating back over 3 billion years. These microbial mats were particularly abundant during the Precambrian Era, spanning from about 4.6 billion years ago to 541 million years ago.

Key Characteristics of Stromatolites:

Living examples of stromatolites can still be found today, such as in Shark Bay, Western Australia, providing insight into early life on Earth.

Answer:

the answer is correct

Explanation:

i did the quiz

Answer:

The correct option is B) analyze the results and make a conclusion

Explanation:

The scientific method of research is based on the following steps:

Observations are made: In the following scenario, a student observed that t when bananas are kept near other fruits, the other fruits ripen faster.

Question: Based on the observation, a question is generated. In this scenario, the student had a question that will keeping bananas near any fruit increase the ripening process of the fruit.

Hypothesis: A hypothesis is the formation of a tentative statement.

Experiments: Based on the hypothesis, experiments are done to check for the results.

Analyzing the results and drawing conclusions: Results from the experiments are analyzed and conclusions are drawn which might prove the hypothesis to be correct or wrong.

Answer:

The answer is:

D. the radiation of herbivores such as grazing animals

Explanation:

Oligocene and Miocene Epochs:

The Oligocence and Miocene epoch are both attributed to the expansion of grasslands and savannah. Both eras marked rapid and drastic evolutionary changes in grazing mammals and herbivores. Diverse groups of grazing mammals lived throughout these eras. For example, the largest herbivore and land mammal of all time, Indricotherium (a sort of giant hornless rhinoceros), was present in the Oligocene era.

Similarly, the Oligocene era in North America favored the rapid radiation of primitive horses.

Answer:

warm air blows toward the equator , and cold air displaces this warm air near the polar regions.

Explanation:

Answer: The Coriolis force bends the air current

Explanation: The full question is The diagram shows warm air blowing toward the equator. Which causes the air current to curve