Answer:
i think it is number 1 hope this helps good luck
Explanation:
Filial 1, or F1, is the term used to describe the first generation of seeds, plants, or animals created by mating two very unlike parental species. In general, many gene interactions result in the personalities of plants, insects, animals, and people. Thus, option A is correct.
What filial generation represent given cross gamete?F2 generation, which is the result of inbreeding of F1 individuals, is the second filial generation of the offspring, whereas F1 generation refers to the first filial generation of the kids from the parents.While the F1 generation is the first generation of children born to a given couple.
Therefore, A generation is made up of stocks that were chosen for the parents in the initial cross of a genetic experiment and are typically homozygous for one or more traits (see f1 generation, f2 generation).
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What term best describes the interaction between termites and the protozoans that feed in their gut allowing the termites to gain energy from the cellulose in the wood they eat?
Answer:
mutualism
Explanation:
Mutualism is a type of ecological interaction between two species in which both have benefits (double positive interaction). Mutualism also can be considered as a type of symbiosis-two species that live together. Termites and protozoans are a great example of correlation between two species that work together and provide positive effect one to another. Termites provide food to protozoans, while protozoans provide energy to the termites.
Question 8 0.5 pts For questions 8-10, the Y and G genes are 10 m.u. apart. From a YG/yg female, what % of chromosomes from a single meiosis (i.e. a single starting germ cell) that experienced 1 c.o. event would you expect to be recombinant? 0 0% or 50% 0 0% or 10% o 10% o 10% or 20% 10% or 50% Question 9 0.5 pts What % of chromosomes from a population of meiosis events would you expect to be recombinant? 16 15% 10% 4096 50% Question 10 0.5 pts What % of chromosomes from a population of meiosis events would you expect to be Yg recombinants? C) 5% 10% 20% 40% 50%
Answer:
hi
Explanation:
Your classmate is trying to determine the rate of photosynthesis for a fern plant growing in his or her backyard. Your classmate wants to set it up in a way for it to have a high photosynthesis rate. Which of the following setups has the highest photosynthesis rate?
A. High intensity of light, low levels of carbon dioxide, high temperature level
B. Medium intensity of light, low levels of carbon dioxide, extremely high temperature level
C. Low intensity of light, medium levels of carbon dioxide, low temperature level
D. High intensity of light, high levels of carbon dioxide, moderate temperature level
Answer:
D. High intensity of light, high levels of carbon dioxide, moderate temperature level
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food.
photosynthesis to happen, there must be light, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll.
For the experiment to go through well, then the class mate has to provide sufficient supplies of requisite elements for photosynthesis.
Therefore enough supply of light, water, carbon dioxide and chlorophyll.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Mutations can occur as a result of many factors, including ultraviolet light or environmental pollutants such as pesticides and cigarette smoke. Which of the following best describes the most likely consequence of these mutations in cells?
The cells can become resistant to drug therapy.
The cells can become phagocytes.
The cells can become unable to divide.
The cells can become cancer cells.
I think the cell’s can become cancer cells but I’m sorry if it isn’t correct...
Answer:
Option D
Explanation:
Mutation causes cancer which is in general acquired i.e developing due to the habits of an individual. Some common factors that lead to acquired mutation are – smoking, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, viruses injection etc. Such factor interrupts with the genetic code of the normal cell and lead to uncontrolled division of cell thereby causing cell mas or cell clot which eventually becomes tumor and cancer.
Hence, option D is correct
Natural Selection
Natural selection allows only the better alleles to be passed onto the next generation.
9.
Do you agree or disagree with the above statement? Why or why not?
State your position and provide two reasons to support your answer. Please keep your
answer under 150 words.
Natural selection does not solely allow better alleles to be passed on. It acts on individual fitness that encompasses a range of alleles, and linkage disequilibrium can cause the inheritance of linked alleles irrespective of their individual benefit.
I disagree with the statement that natural selection allows only the better alleles to be passed onto the next generation for two main reasons. First, natural selection acts on the level of the individual, not the allele. Good alleles might be lost if the individual carrying them has many disadvantageous alleles, impacting their overall fitness negatively. Second, some alleles are closely linked in the genome, leading to linkage disequilibrium, which means that these alleles can be inherited together regardless of whether they are beneficial or not.
An apple falls off a tree onto the ground. Which of the following best describes what eventually happens to the material that makes up the apple? A. Water softens the apple and its material dissolves into the ground. B. Sunlight decomposes the apple and recycles its material into the soil. C. Weather conditions rot the apple until all its material disappears and no longer exists. D. Microscopic organisms break down the apple and release its material into the soil and air.
Answer:
D. Microscopic organisms break down the apple and release its material into the soil and air.
Explanation:
Without microscopic organisms today, everything that has died or fallen will still remain on the ground. Fungi, bacteria, and etc. play an essential role in the Earth's ecosystem by breaking down organic material.
An apple falls off a tree onto the ground. The statement best describes reason that makes up the apple is that the microscopic organisms break down the apple and release its material into the soil and air. The correct option is D.
What are microscopic organisms?The organisms very small in size, that are not be seen by the eyes. They can be seen by using the microscopes.
The apple fall off when it has no bond with the tree. The micro-organism starts decomposing the apple from the top notch. As, the bond with the tree branch loosens, the apples fall off a tree onto the ground.
Thus, the statement best describes reason that makes up the apple is that the microscopic organisms break down the apple and release its material into the soil and air. The correct option is D.
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) You treat some cells with a proteolytic enzyme that is too large to penetrate the cell membrane (Set 1). Another group of cells is made permeable before treatment with the enzyme (Set 2). A third set of cells was not treated with the enzyme at all (controls). Proteins are then extracted from the three different sets of cells and applied to an SDS-PAGE gel. Protein W migrates to the same distance on a gel of proteins from Set 1 and Set 2; Protein W migrates a shorter distance on gels of proteins extracted from the control group than on gels of proteins extracted from Set 1 and Set 2 treated cells. Protein X migrates to the same distance on a gel of proteins from control cells and the gels of the proteins from Set 1 and Set 2. Protein Y migrates a longer distance when extracted from Set 1 cells than does protein Y in the controls; Protein Y moves an even larger distance in the gel of the extracts from Set 2. Protein Z migrates the same distance on gels of proteins from the controls and the proteins extracted from Set 1, but it migrates a longer distance in extracts from Set 2 cells. Which protein is exposed only on the exterior of the cell?
Answer:
Proten W
Explanation:
SDS-PAGE gel is a method used for the separation of proteins in which proteins are separated based on their length (smaller proteins move faster through the gel, due to less resistance).
When treated with proteolytic enzymes, proteins are cut and become short fragment. This means that the fragments formed after the use of proteolytic enzymes, will move faster and thus, migrate a longer distance. Proteolytic enzymes in Set 2 cells will act only on plasma membrane proteins (because they cannot penetrate), while in Set 2 they will act on both, plasma membrane and interior proteins. Control group will have only the large fragments (not treated with enzyme).
Protein W travels the same distance on a gel of proteins from Set 1 and Set 2, but different than control group. It means that the proteolytic enzyme worked the same on Set 1 and Set 2.
Protein Y is exposed only on the exterior of the cell because it migrates further on the SDS-PAGE gel after treatment with a proteolytic enzyme that cannot penetrate the cell membrane.
Based on the experimental results, Protein Y is the one exposed only on the exterior of the cell. Its migration pattern on SDS-PAGE gels is key to this conclusion. For the untreated control group, Protein Y migrates at a certain distance indicative of a larger size/mass. When Protein Y is extracted from Set 1 cells (treated with the large proteolytic enzyme that cannot penetrate the cell membrane), it migrates a longer distance on the gel, suggesting a smaller size due to cleavage by the enzyme on the cell surface. In Set 2 cells (made permeable before enzyme treatment), Protein Y moves even further, indicating further cleavage of both extracellular and possibly intracellular portions. Protein Y has parts accessible to the enzyme when the membrane is intact, indicating those parts are extracellular.
Which of the following best describes the effect of cancer-causing mutations on the cell cycle? The mutations increase the speed of the cycle. The mutations cause the cell to bypass checkpoints in the cycle The mutations eliminate one or more stages of the cycle. The mutations interfere with S stage of the cycle. None of these.
Answer:
None of these.
Explanation:
Cancer mutations affect cell cycle regulators.
Cell cycle is a highly regulated process by the regulators that can promote cell cycle or inhibit the cycle. Genes that encode for those regulators are classified into two groups:
proto-oncogenes-encode for positive regulators such as growth factor receptor. If a cancer mutation occurs in the proto-oncogene it becomes oncogene and its product is overactivated. The increased avtivity of positive regulators leads to abnormal cell division.tumor suppresor-the products of such genes blocks the cell cycle, but after the mutation they become inactive, which leads to uncontrolled cell cycle.Which of the following could qualify as a top-down control on a grassland community? A) limitation of plant biomass by rainfall amount B) influence of temperature on competition among plants C) influence of soil nutrients on the abundance of grasses versus wildflowers D) effect of grazing intensity by bison on plant species diversity E) effect of humidity on plant growth rates
According to the top down control, each trophic level is controlled by the very next trophic level. It says that predators control the population of prey.
Therefor the correct answer is D
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The effect of grazing intensity by bison on plant species diversity could qualify as a top-down control on a grassland community (Option D).
The top-down control refers to the biological phenomenon where populations at higher trophic levels regulate the population size of organisms in lower trophic levels.The top-down control is also known as a predator-driven system, which means that predators control the trophic chain.In consequence, in a top-down control model, the interaction between a top predator and their prey regulates the size of the populations in lower trophic levels.Conversely, in a bottom-up control model, the control is driven by the producers present in the ecosystem.In conclusion, the effect of grazing intensity by bison on plant species diversity could qualify as a top-down control on a grassland community (Option D).
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All of the following describe possible results of competition between two species except A) competitive exclusion. B) aposematic coloration. C) resource partitioning. D) reduction in the population of one species. E) reduction in the populations of both species.
Answer:
B) aposematic coloration
Explanation:
The species constantly compete between each other, some because they occupy the same niche int he food chain, others even though they are in different niches tend to destroy each other, and some just avoid each other and partition the resources. This often results in partitioning of the resources between different species, when usually they are active in different parts of the day and avoid each other. Also, it is common that some of the species is more competitive, so that will result in a decline of the other species, or if the species are on the same level of competitiveness, then usually both species have declines in numbers to some optimal level. The aposematic coloration though is not part of the competition between the species. It is a type of coloration that warns the other species that the species that possesses it is either not good for eating, or it has a weapon that can harm them, thus they should avoid it and leave it alone.
believed that as animals became more complex, so did their emotions. Charles Darwin George Romanes Carolus Linnaeus Ivan Pavlov
Answer:
Carolus Linnaeus believed that as animals became more complex, so did their emotions.
Answer:
The correct answer will be option- Carolus Linnaeus
Explanation:
Carolus Linnaeus is known for his contribution to the classification system as well as the nomenclature system of organisms.
He also provided two classification system of the organism which classified organism into two groups- plants and animals. He classified the organisms based on the morphological characters.
He also observed the behaviour of animals and predicted that emotions of animals depend on the complexity of the organisms. He predicted that as the animals become more complex their emotions also become complex.
Thus, Carolus Linnaeus is the correct answer.
Which of the following describes when energy is released from an ATP molecule?
When energy is released from an ATP molecule, a phosphate group is removed from the ATP molecule through a process called hydrolysis, which breaks the bond between the second and third phosphate groups.
What is ATP ?ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is a molecule that stores energy in its high-energy phosphate bonds. When energy is needed for cellular processes, the bonds between the phosphate groups are broken, releasing energy and converting ATP to ADP (adenosine diphosphate). This process of converting ATP to ADP is called hydrolysis, which involves the addition of water to the ATP molecule, breaking the bond between the second and third phosphate groups, and releasing a phosphate group and energy. The released energy can then be used for various cellular processes such as muscle contractions, active transport, and metabolic reactions.
Hence, when energy is released from an ATP molecule, a phosphate group is removed from the ATP molecule through a process called hydrolysis, which breaks the bond between the second and third phosphate groups.
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Which of the following statements is most consistent with F.E. Clements' integrated hypothesis? A) Species are distributed independently of other species. B) Communities lack discrete geographic boundaries. C) The community functions as an interactive unit. D) The composition of plant species seems to change on a continuum. E) The community is a chance assemblage of species.
Answer:
The community functions as an interactive unit - C)
Which of the following is an example of Müllerian mimicry? A) two species of unpalatable butterfly that have the same color pattern B) a day-flying hawkmoth that looks like a wasp C) a katydid whose wings look like a dead leaf D) two species of rattlesnake that both rattle their tails E) two species of moths that with wing spots that look like owl's eyes
Answer:
D) two species of rattlesnake that both rattle their tails
Explanation:
The Mullerian mimicry can simply be described as a common feature of two or more different species that can be harmful and dangerous in order to fend of predators. In this case we have the two species of rattlesnake which are using the same method to fend of any predators from, by rattling their tails. This is very useful as a defense mechanism because the species that can cause harm to them only need to encounter one of the species and then be wary of both and avoid them both, as both species use the same tactic for defense or warning, thus the chances are reducing even more that an animal, especially a young and inexperienced one, will mess with them or attack them.
Müllerian mimicry refers to when multiple harmful or unappealing species share the same warning coloration to deter predators. An example would be two species of unpalatable butterflies that have the same color pattern. This stands in contrast to Emsleyan/Mertensian mimicry, where a dangerous prey mimics a less harmful one.
Explanation:In Müllerian mimicry, multiple species that are unappealing or harmful to predators share the same warning coloration to benefit from combined deterrence. All the mimicking species actually possess defenses. An example of this from your list would be two species of unpalatable butterflies that share the same color pattern. It's a mutual reinforcement of the warning signal, making it more effective in averting predators.
Emsleyan/Mertensian mimicry, on the other hand, is where a more dangerous species mimics a less dangerous but noxious one, like a venomous coral snake mimicking a non-venomous milk snake. This is different from Müllerian mimicry, as the mimic is more harmful than the model it is imitating.
Understanding these mimics involves understanding animal behavior and predator-prey interactions, providing insight into the complex dynamics of ecosystems.
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What would be the effect on blood flow if some arteries lost their elasticity?
A) no affect on blood flow
B) increased blood flow because of a more rigid structre
C) decreased blood flow due to limiting the amount of blood
D) impossible to predict the change in blood flow with these conditions
c because the elasticity of arteries allow them to expand and contain more blood in them.
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All of the following are terms that ecologists use to describe communities except for A) species richness. B) species diversity. C) Batesian diversity. D) trophic structure. E) stability.
Answer:
Batesian diversity - C)
Why is she keeping the dead animals? Gas land movie
Answer:Explanation:
Mixture of oil and water being dumped in rivers and streams that it was not supposed to be dumped in
Against her better judgment, one woman ends herself maintaining a menagerie of dead animals killed by a polluted creek in her freezer.
What happens at the end of Gasland?Fox gets detained near the end of the film while attempting to tape a congressional hearing about the E.P.A. results in Pavilion.
But, even as the fight to safeguard the planet from radical energy development appears to be becoming increasingly difficult, Fox remains unfazed.Oil and water mixtures are being thrown in rivers and streams where they are not supposed to be deposited.
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Resource partitioning is best described by which of the following statements? A) Competitive exclusion results in the success of the superior species. B) Slight variations in niche allow similar species to coexist. C) Two species can coevolve and share the same niche. D) Species diversity is maintained by switching between prey species. E) A climax community is reached when no new niches are available.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The division of limited resources by species to avoid competition in an ecological niche is known as resource partitioning. In this slight variations in niche allow similar species to coexist.
What is a niche?The term niche refers to the role of an organism in a community.
A species' niche includes both the physical and environmental conditions it requires as well as its interactions with other species.
Resource partitioning occurs when species divide a niche to avoid competition for resources. It include slight variations in niche allow similar species to coexist.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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Which of the following is not characteristic of smooth muscle? A) The striations are due to the orderly arrangement of actin and myosin. B) Neurons that innervate smooth muscles are under involuntary control. C) Smooth muscle cells are uninucleate. D) Smooth muscles do not contain sarcomeres. E) The thin filaments of smooth muscle fibers are attached to dense bodies.
Answer:
A) The striations are due to the orderly arrangement of actin and myosin
Explanation:
Smooth muscles are non-striated involuntary muscles which are found in the walls of stomach, urinary bladder, blood vessels...Smooth muscle tissue is composed of spindle-shaped muscle cells with single central nucleus. Like the other two type of muscles (cardiac and skeletal), smooth muscles also have four main functions:
Contractility-ability to contract. In the case of skeletal muscles it is voluntary, while in cardiac and smooth muscles it is unconscious.Excitability-ability to change membrane potential usually by the influence of nervous impulse.Extensibility-the capacity to lengthenElasticity-ability to change its length and then return to previous.The statement that is not characteristic of smooth muscle is the claim that striations are due to the orderly arrangement of actin and myosin. Smooth muscle tissue does not have a striated appearance because its actin and myosin filaments are not arranged in a regular pattern.
Explanation:The characteristic that is not true of smooth muscle is option A: The striations are due to the orderly arrangement of actin and myosin. This is because, unlike skeletal and cardiac muscles, smooth muscles do not have striations. This is due to the fact that the actin and myosin within smooth muscle fibers are not arranged in a repeating pattern, giving the muscle its uniform, nonstriated appearance. Smooth muscles are controlled involuntarily (option B), they contain a single nucleus making them uninucleate (option C), they indeed do not contain sarcomeres (option D), and the thin filaments of smooth muscle fibers are indeed attached to dense bodies (option E).
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30. How might an ecologist test whether a species is occupying its complete fundamental niche or only a portion of it? A) Study the temperature range and humidity requirements of the species. B) Observe whether the niche size changes after the addition of nutritional resources to the habitat. C) Observe whether the niche size changes after the introduction of a similar non-native species. D) Measure the change in reproductive success when the species is subjected to environmental stress. E) Observe whether the species expands its range after the removal of a competitor.
Answer:
by observing whether the nichesize changes afterthe introduction of a similar non natives species
Explanation:
an organism that occupies it's specificed niche will these to increase in size due to the proper conditions at its niche
An electromanget converts electrical enegry into
an electromagnet converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
A newly discovered solar system is found 300 billion kilometers from the sun. How many AU does this represent? Show your work.
Answer:
1 AU means 1 astronomical unit or the aproximate distance from the earth to the sun
1AU=149597870.7 kiometers
1 billion=1,000,000,000
600 billion=600,000,000,000
x times 1AU=600,000,000,000
x times 149597870.7=600,000,000,000
solve for x
divide both sides by 149597870.7
x=4010.75
so aprox 4011 AU's
This is an image of the phospholipid bilayer. Based on what you know about the structure of the phospholipid bilayer, what is the name of the side labeled 1?
A. Hydrophobic side
B. Inner side
C. Hydrophilic side
D. Permeable side
I think the answer is D (permeable side )since the phospholipid bilayer is permeable and 1 shows the whole of it
Since 2is the hydrophobic side cancelling A
3 is the hydrophilic side also cancelling C
And neither is the answer B because not any of the sides shown between a and b shows that it’s in the inner side
Answer:
D. Permeable side.
Explanation:
Phospholipid bilayer constitutes a part of the structure of the cell membrane. This bilayer consists of a phosphate group and two chains of fatty acids. The phosphate group is polar and hydrophilic because of its negative charges. Its hydrophilic nature shows that it is attracted to water molecules. Also, the lipid tails constitutes the chains of fatty acids are non-polar, hydrophobic and lack ions. The hydrophobic nature of the lipid acids indicates that they repel water molecules.
From the diagram, the part labelled 1 is the phospholipid bilayer and it has a permeable side. This means it allows substances to pass through it.
Which of the following is a physiological change that is most likely to increase survival of a plant on a mountaintop near the timberline?
A.
development of polymorphic leaves
B.
reproduction through the growth of fleshy berries
C.
decreased growth
D.
development of shallow roots
Answer:
The answer is C. Decreased Growth.
Explanation:
Near the timberline of a mountain, plants will have less available carbon dioxide and oxygen, cold temperatures, and higher wind exposure. Smaller plants need less carbon dioxide and oxygen, are less affected by the wind, and need fewer nutrients.
(Explanation is from Study Island)
Answer:
c decreased growth
Explanation:
Match the correct term to the definitions.
Which of the following statements about the Yellowstone National Park fires of 1988 is false? A) Secondary succession followed the fires. B) The dominant lodgepole pines required fire to complete their normal life history. C) Human environmental policy increased the severity of the fires. D) It took years before new vegetation returned to the area. E) Severe drought helped to trigger the fires.
Answer:
The answer is D
Explanation:
It took years before new vegetation returned to the area because of the fires.
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Which ordered pair is the best approximation of the exact solution?
Answer:0.9, 2.4)
Explanation:(0.9, 2.4)
Answer:
The correct option is C.
Explanation:
The given system of equation is
[tex]y=4x-1[/tex]
[tex]y=-3x+5[/tex]
The table of values is given. From the table:
The difference between both functions at x=0.5 is
[tex]1-3.5=-2.5[/tex]
The difference between both functions at x=0.6 is
[tex]1.4-3.2=-1.8[/tex]
The difference between both functions at x=0.7 is
[tex]1.8-2.9=-1.1[/tex]
The difference between both functions at x=0.8 is
[tex]2.2-2.6=-0.4[/tex]
The difference between both functions at x=0.9 is
[tex]2.6-2.3=0.3[/tex]
The difference between both functions at x=1 is
[tex]3-2=1[/tex]
The absolute difference between both the functions is minimum at x=0.9. So, the x-coordinate of the solution is 0.9.
The graph of both functions is shown below. Both functions intersect each other at (0.857,2.429). It means the solution of given system of equations is
[tex](0.857,2.429)\approx (0.9,2.4)[/tex]
The solution of given system of equations is (0.9,2.4). Therefore the correct option is C.
Which of the following is an example of cryptic coloration? A) bands on a coral snake B) brown color of tree bark C) markings of a viceroy butterfly D) colors of an insect-pollinated flower E) a "walking stick" insect that resembles a twig
Answer:
E) a ''walking stick'' insect that resembles a twig
Explanation:
The cryptic coloration is a type of coloration that helps an organism to blend in its environment. With other words, it is a camouflage. This type of coloration has been developed by organisms that are prey, but also by organisms that are predators. The organisms that are prey use this type of coloration in order to hide themselves from the predators, to be as unnoticeable as possible, thus to avoid being attacked. The predators on the other hand, use this type of coloration in order to blend in with the surroundings so that they can come closer to their prey and attack it without being noticed. We can easily say that this type of coloration works in both of the ways. The ''walking stick'' insect for example, resembles a twig, thus it has a perfect camouflage to not be spotted and attacked. On the other hand we have the tiger with its stripes, which is an unusual coloration for a cat, uses its stripes to break up the outline of its body, thus making it either unnoticeable or it confuses the prey.
The example of cryptic coloration is a "walking stick" insect that resembles a twig.
Explanation:The correct example of cryptic coloration is option E) a "walking stick" insect that resembles a twig. Cryptic coloration or camouflage is a defense mechanism for animals that allows them to blend in with their environment, making it difficult for predators to spot them.
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Species richness increases A) as one travels north from the equator. B) as one travels north from the South Pole. C) on islands as distance from the mainland increases. D) as rates of evapotranspiration decrease. E) as community size decreases.
Answer:
B) as one travels north from the South Pole
Explanation:
The South Pole is one of the most inhospitable places for living on the planet, be it for humans, animals, or plants. The temperatures are always far below zero, there are ice sheets that have a depth of several kilometers, and very strong freezing winds. As we move north of the South Pole, practically toward the lower latitudes and the Equator, the living conditions gradually improve more and more. The climate is much more pleasant, there's different types of soil, precipitation and that results in gradual increase in the number of species that live in those areas. As we will be getting closer and closer to the Equator, the abundance of species will skyrocket, with millions of different species living in that part of the planet because it is always warm and there's large amounts of water and precipitation, providing excellent conditions for enormous amount of species to prosper.
One difference between plants and animals is that plants are
a. prokaryotic and animals are eukaryotic.
b. eukaryotic and animals are prokaryotic.
c. autotrophs and animals are heterotrophs.
d. heterotrophs and animals are autotrophs.
Answer:
c. autotrophs and animals are heterotrophs
Explanation:
There's many differences between the plants and the animals, be it their physical appearance, way of live, how do they function, their requirements for survival. One of the major differences between the plants and the animals is that the plants are autrotrophs, while the animals are heterotrophs. The autrophs are the organisms that are able to produce their own food, thus they are producers, meaning that they do not need nutrition from other organic sources. The heterotrophs on the other side are the organisms that are not able to produce food for themselves, but instead they get their food through consuming of other living organisms, making them primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers.