Many elements in the third row and beyond in the periodic table may form more than four bonds and thus appear to have "expanded octets." phosphorus and sulfur, for example, may form five and six covalent bonds. count up the total number of valence electrons in pcl5 and draw its lewis structure. how many valence electrons are "counted" toward the central p atom?

Answer: The correct answer is Option A.

Explanation:

Equilibrium is defined as the condition when the concentration of the reactants and products are constant. The ratio of their concentration remains constant, it does not vary.

The forward reaction and backward reaction occur at the same rate.

Rate of forward reaction = Rate of backward reaction

From the graph, it is clearly visible that the reaction reached equilibrium a 2.75 seconds, where the concentration of reactants and concentration of products are constant. After this point, the concentration of products starts to increase and the concentration of reactants starts to decrease.

Hence, the correct answer is Option A.

The correct answer is option d, that is, the solubility of a solid is highly dependent on temperature.  

Solubility refers to the maximum amount of a component, which will get dissolved in a given concentration of solvent at a particular temperature. The temperature influences the solubility of both gases and solids. The temperature has a direct influence on solubility.  

For most of the ionic solids, enhancing the temperature elevates how briskly the solution can be formed. With the increase in temperature, the movement of the solid particles takes place briskly that enhances the chances that they will associate with the majority of the solvent particles. This leads to enhancing the rate at which the solution takes place.  

The study of chemicals and bonds is called chemistry. There are two components in the solution and these are solute and solvent.

The correct answer is option D, that is, the solubility of a solid is highly dependent on temperature.  

For most of the ionic solids, enhancing the temperature elevates how briskly the solution can be formed. With the increase in temperature, the movement of the solid particles takes place briskly that enhancing the chances that they will associate with the majority of the solvent particles. This leads to enhancing the rate at which the solution takes place.  

Hence, the correct answer is option D.

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Answer:

The empirical formula is C₆H₁₀O₇.

Step-by-step explanation:

1. Calculate the masses of C, H, and O from the masses given.

Mass of C =  2.0402 g CO₂ × (12.01 g C/44.01 g CO₂) = 0.5568  g C

Mass of H = 0.6955 g H₂O  × (2.016 H/18.02 g H₂O)  = 0.077 81 g H

Mass of O = Mass of compound - Mass of C - Mass of H = (1.500 – 0.5568 – 0.077 81) g = 0.8654 g O

=====

2. Convert these masses to moles.

Moles  C = 0.5568  × 1/12.01  = 0.046 36

Moles H = 0.077 81 × 1/1.008 = 0.077 19

Moles O = 0.8654   × 1/16.00 = 0.054 09

=====

3. Find the molar ratios.

Moles  C = 0.046 36/0.046 36 = 1

Moles H = 0.077 19/0.046 36   = 1.665

Moles O = 0.054 09/0.046 36 = 1.167

======

4. Multiply the ratios by a number to make them close to integers

C  = 1        × 6 = 6

H = 1.665 × 6 = 9.991

O = 1.167 × 6  = 7.001

=====

5. Round the ratios to integers

C:H:O =6:10:7

=====

6. Write the empirical formula

The empirical formula is C₆H₁₀O₇.

=======

7. Calculate the empirical formula mass

C₆H₁₀O₇ = 6×12.01 + 10×1.008 + 7×16.00

C₆H₁₀O₇ = 72.01 + 10.08+ 112.0

C₆H₁₀O₇ = 194.09

=====

8. Divide the molecular mass by the empirical formula mass.  

MM/EFM = 194.14/194.09 = 1.000 ≈ 1

=====

9. Determine the molecular formula

MF = (EF)ₙ = (C₆H₁₀O₇)₁ = C₆H₁₀O₇

It is 78.08

Calcium =40.08

Fluorine = 2×19

40.08 + 38 = 78.08

Answer is: C alkane.

Name of this molecule is n-hexane.

Hexane is alkane (acyclic saturated hydrocarbon, carbon-carbon bonds are single) of six carbon atoms.

Carbon atoms in hexane have sp3 hybridization.

In sp3 hybridization hybridize one s-orbital and three p-orbitals of carbon atom.

Alkene has one double bond and alkyne has one triple bond.

Answer:

cthx guy from 2 yrs ago

Explanation:

You may not be able to see the sugar you've stirred into your tea, coffee or hot chocolate, but it's still there. Rather than disappearing completely, it dissolves. When a solute is dissolved in another substance, a solution is created. So when you prepare your hot beverage, the sugar is the solute, the water is the substance and the finished product is the solution. Working out how to dissolve sugar faster involves some interesting experiments that you can easily carry out at home with sugar cubes and cups of water.

Agitation, temperature, and surface area of the dissolving particles determine how fast the substance will dissolve.

to increase the rate of sugar dissolving in a cup of tea:

Agitation - by stirring w a spoon, the sugar solid will be agitated n dissolve faster in tea.

temperature - by heating the tea, the sugar will dissolve faster in tea.

surface area of dissolving particles - by using granular sugar instead of sugar cube, the contact surface area w tea is increased. granular sugar will dissolve faster in tea.

The correct name for CoC12 is called phosgene.

The correct name for CoCI2 is cobalt(II) chloride. The word "chloride" means that there are chlorine ions in the substance.

Cobalt(II) chloride is a chemical made of cobalt and chlorine. The chemical formula for this substance is CoCl2. The word "cobalt(II) chloride" comes from a way of naming chemicals called  the Stock system. This system is used to name compounds that are not made of living things.

The name "cobalt(II)" tells us that the cobalt ion in this compound has an oxidation state of +2. The symbol "II" in Roman numeral stands for the oxidation state.

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We have to know which two substances are related correctly.

The correct answer is: (C) H₃O⁺ is the conjugate acid of H₂O.

In an acid-base reaction, an acid reacts with a base and gives a conjugate base and conjugate acid. The reaction is shown below:

Acid₁ + Base₂ ⇄ Conjugate Base₁ + Conjugate Acid₂

In the reaction H₂CO₃ + H₂O ⇌ H₃O⁺ + HCO₃⁻, H₂CO₃  is an acid because it releases H⁺ ion and converts to HCO₃⁻. Here HCO₃⁻ is the conjugate base of H₂CO₃ ( according Arrhenius theory).

H₂O accepts H⁺ ion and is converted to H₃O⁺ , thus H₂O behaves as Bronsted base. So, H₃O⁺ is the conjugate acid of Bronsted base H₂O.

Hence, the correct answer is: (C) H₃O⁺ is the conjugate acid of H₂O.

Answer:

The correct answer is C.) H30+ is the conjugate acid of H20

Explanation:

Answer: Option (C) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Synthetic polymers are the polymers which are made by human beings.

For example, polyester, nylon, polyethylene etc are all synthetic polymers.

Whereas polymers which occur naturally in the environment are known as natural polymers.

For example, rubber, cotton, cellulose etc are all natural polymers.

Out of the given options though polyethylene is a synthetic polymer but it is not used as a fiber.

Hence, we can conclude that nylon is the synthetic polymer which is made into fibers that do not wear out easily.

Explanation:

The products of chemical reaction will be as follows.

      [tex]AgI + Fe_{2}(CO_{3})_{3} \rightarrow FeI_{3} + Ag_{2}CO_{3}[/tex]

To balance the equation, we will count the number of atoms on both reactant and product sides as follows.

Number of atoms on reactant side are as follows.

Number of atoms on product side are as follows.

We will balance the equation by multiplying AgI by 6 on the reactant side and [tex]FeI_{3}[/tex] by 2 and [tex]Ag_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] by 3 on the product side. Therefore, balanced chemical equation will be as follows.

   [tex]6AgI + Fe_{2}(CO_{3})_{3} \rightarrow 2FeI_{3} + 3Ag_{2}CO_{3}[/tex]

In this reaction, iron is replaced by silver and carbonate is replaced by iodide. Thus, it is a double displacement reaction.

Answers:  

1.02 g

Explanation:  

We know we will need a balanced equation with masses and molar masses, so let’s gather all the information in one place.  

M_r:       26.98              101.95  

               4Al + 3O₂ ⟶ 2Al₂O₃

Mass/g:   54  

1. Calculate the moles of Al  

Moles Al = 54 × 1/26.98  

Moles Al = 2.00 mol Al  

=====  

2. Calculate the moles of Al₂O₃  

The molar ratio is 2 mol Al₂O₃:4 mol Al  

Moles of Al₂O₃ = 2.00 × 2/4  

Moles of Al₂O₃ = 1.00 mol Al₂O₃

======  

3. Calculate the mass of Al₂O₃  

Mass of Al₂O₃  = 1.00 × 101.95

Mass of Al₂O₃  = 1.02 g

Answer : The mass of [tex]Al_2O_3[/tex] produced will be, 101.96 grams

Explanation : Given,

Mass of Al = 54 g

Molar mass of Al = 27 g/mole

Molar mass of [tex]Al_2O_3[/tex] = 101.96 g/mole

First we have to calculate the moles of Al.

[tex]\text{Moles of }Al=\frac{\text{Mass of }Al}{\text{Molar mass of }Al}=\frac{54g}{27g/mole}=2mole[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the moles of [tex]Al_2O_3[/tex]

The given balanced chemical reaction is,

[tex]4Al+3O_2\rightarrow 2Al_2O_3[/tex]

From the balanced reaction we conclude that,

As, 4 moles of Al react to give 2 moles of [tex]Al_2O_3[/tex]

So, 2 moles of Al react to give [tex]\frac{2}{4}\times 2=1mole[/tex] of [tex]Al_2O_3[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the mass of [tex]Al_2O_3[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mass of }Al_2O_3=\text{Moles of }Al_2O_3\times \text{Molar mass of }Al_2O_3=1mole\times 101.96g/mole=101.96g[/tex]

Therefore, the mass of [tex]Al_2O_3[/tex] produced will be, 101.96 grams

The statements of Dalton atomic theory are

All elements are composed of tiny indivisible particles called atoms.

Atoms of the same element are identical. The atoms of any one element are different from those of any other element

Atoms of different elements can physically mix together or can chemically combine to form compounds

Chemical reactions occur when atoms are separated from each other, joined, or rearranged in a different combination.

Energy Change= Mass X Specific Heat X Temperature Change

126 times .5 = 63.

63 times 10= 630

630 joules

Answer:

630 J

Explanation :

The formula for the heat required is

q = mCΔT

q = 0.5 × 126 × 10

q = 630 J

The answer is; D

While electromagnetic waves travel at an astounding 3.00 x 10^8 m/s and any delay seems imperceptible in short distances, in long distances, the waves take some time to reach the other end. This is why there is usually a small delay when ground communication tries to reach astronauts in space.  Also, remember that when a communication is relayed from the earth, it has to reach the destination and then wait for a response back to earth which covers the same distance or longer/shorter if the target is moving.

The distance to the moon is 384,400 km, therefore multiply this by 2 = 768,800 km

768,800,000m/300,000,000m = 2. 56 seconds

Therefore radio waves sent to the moon from earth will have a minimum  2.5  seconds delay not considering the processing time of this communication by the destination before sending feedback.  ‘Over to you’ signals end of a message by the messenger hence allowing the other messenger on the other to respond.  

The correct option is D) distance to the moon and the speed of electromagnetic waves.

The over-to method of communication is used to manage the delay in communication between Earth and the Apollo astronauts. This delay is a result of the finite speed of electromagnetic waves, including radio waves, and the significant distance between Earth and the moon.

Radio waves travel at the speed of light, which is approximately 299,792 kilometres per second (km/s) in a vacuum. Since the average distance from Earth to the moon is about 384,400 km, it takes radio signals about 1.28 seconds to travel one way, resulting in a round-trip communication delay of approximately 2.56 seconds.

Let's examine the other options to understand why they are incorrect:

A) Scattering of electromagnetic waves in space: While scattering can affect the clarity of a signal, it does not cause a consistent delay in communication. The delay is due to the travel time of the waves over the vast distance.

B) Fact that sound waves do not travel in a vacuum: This is true, but it is not relevant to the communication between Earth and the Apollo astronauts, which uses radio waves (electromagnetic waves), not sound waves. Radio waves can travel through the vacuum of space.

C) Poor reflective nature of the surface of the moon: The reflective nature of the moon's surface can affect communication when signals are bounced off the moon (such as in Earth-Moon-Earth communication), but it does not cause the primary delay in direct Earth-to-moon communication. The delay is due to the distance and the speed of the radio waves.

Therefore, the delay in communication that necessitates the over-to method is due to the distance to the moon and the speed of electromagnetic waves.

For neutral atoms, the number of valence electrons is equal to the atom's main group number. The main group number for an element can be found from its column on the periodic table. For example, carbon is in group 4 and has 4 valence electrons. Oxygen is in group 6 and has 6 valence electrons.

The number of valence electrons an atom has can usually be determined by its group number in the periodic table. However, for ions, adjustments have to be made for the lost or gained electrons. Exceptions exist such as transition metals and hydrogen.

You can determine the number of valence electrons an atom has by considering its position in the periodic table. For main group elements, the group number (excluding any Roman numerals or A/B designations in some versions of the table) often indicates the number of valence electrons. For example, Sodium (Na), located in Group 1, has 1 valence electron, and Oxygen (O), located in Group 6, has 6 valence electrons.

However, for ions, you need to consider if an atom has lost or gained electrons. For a positive ion (cation), such as NO*, subtract the number of positive charges (equal to the number of lost electrons) from the number of valence electrons. For a negative ion (anion), such as CHO₂, add the number of negative charges (equal to the number of gained electrons) to the initial number of valence electrons.

Further, do note that there are exceptions. For instance, transition metals do not strictly follow these general rules due to their unique electron configurations. Additionally, hydrogen, though located in Group 1, is not a metal and only needs 2 electrons to fill its shell, again an exception to the octet rule.

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The answer is: (D) 2-Propanol experiences stronger hydrogen bonding than acetone.

2- propanol has greater boiling point, because hydrogen bonds between 2-propanol molecules, more energy is required to breake those bonds.

Hydrogen bond is an electrostatic attraction between two polar groups that occurs when a hydrogen atom (H), covalently bound to a highly electronegative atom such as flourine (F), oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) atoms.

In molecule of 2-propanol there are hydrogen forces between negatively charged oxygen from one molecule of 2-propanol and positively charger hydrogen of another molecule of 2-propanol.

2-propanol is alcohol and acetone is ketone, both are organic compounds.

B liquid hope this helps :)

Final answer:

The correct option is (b)"liquid". A substance that forms a vapor at room temperature is most often in the "liquid" state. This process is known as vaporization and is influenced by temperature and air pressure. The gaseous state of a substance that is typically a liquid or solid at room temperature is referred to as vapor.

Explanation:

A substance that forms a vapor at room temperature is generally in the liquid state. An example of this would be water, which exists as a liquid at room temperature and can evaporate into the air, forming water vapor. This process is known as vaporization (evaporation). The reverse process, where vapor condenses back into a liquid, is known as condensation. The phenomenon that describes the amount of gas from the substance that is present above the liquid is termed the vapor pressure of the liquid.

Matter typically exists in one of three states: solid, liquid, or gas. The state a substance exhibits depends partly on the environmental conditions, such as temperature and air pressure. It should be noted that while gases and vapors are both found in the gaseous state, the term 'vapor' specifically refers to the gaseous state of a substance that is a liquid or solid at room temperature.

Answer:

Southern Ocean

Explanation:

The Southern ocean is also referred to as the Antarctic ocean. It is the oceans below the latitude 60 degrees South. The currents in this oceans (Antarctic Circumpolar Current) circulate around Antarctica also shielding it from warmer waters from the equatorial regions. This keeps the Antartic region cold.

The ocean that surrounds Antarctica at the South Pole is the southern ocean. Therefore, option D is correct.

The Southern Ocean is the ocean that surrounds Antarctica at the South Pole. It is also known as the Antarctic Ocean or the Austral Ocean.

The Southern Ocean is unique among the world's oceans because it is defined by its current patterns and the specific characteristics of the water surrounding Antarctica.

The Southern Ocean is characterized by its cold temperatures, strong winds, and powerful ocean currents. It is known for having some of the roughest seas and most extreme weather conditions on Earth.

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[tex]\text{Li}^{2+} \; (g) \to \text{Li}^{3+} \; (g)+ \text{e}^{-}[/tex]

Ionization energy is what it takes to free one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms or ions.

The first ionization energy takes electrons away from a neutral atom. The atom here has to be gaseous.

[tex]\text{Li}^{} \; (g) \to \text{Li}^{+} \; (g)+ \text{e}^{-}[/tex]

The second ionization energy removes one electron from the [tex]\text{Li}^{+}[/tex] ion. The ion shall also be gaseous.

[tex]\text{Li}^{+} \; (g) \to \text{Li}^{2+} \; (g)+ \text{e}^{-}[/tex]

Removes one more electron. Doing so will convert the [tex]\text{Li}^{2+} \; (g)[/tex] ion to a gaseous [tex]\text{Li}^{3+}[/tex].

[tex]\text{Li}^{2+} \; (g) \to \text{Li}^{3+} \; (g) + \text{e}^{-}[/tex].

The process above removes the third electron from lithium. Its energy change is the third ionization energy of this element.

The chemical equation representing the third ionization energy for lithium is;

[tex]Li^{2+} + e^{-} -----> Li^{3+}[/tex]

Ionization is the loss of electrons. The energy required for electrons to be lost is called the ionization energy.

For an atom having n electrons, there can be n number of ionization energies as electrons are successively lost from the atom.

The equation showing the third ionization energy of lithium has been shown above.

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Nuclear fuel

hope this helps!

if i remember correctly its plutonium

1) Answer is: D. Writing a hypothesis.

The scientific method is a process for experimentation that is used to explore observations.

Steps of the scientific method:

1) ask a question about something that is observed.

2) do background research.

3) construct a hypothesis, an attempt to answer questions with an explanation that can be tested.

4) test of hypothesis.

5) analyze collected data and draw a conclusion.

2) Answer is: A. Carbon and oxygen are chemically bonded in it.

A compound (in this example carbon dioxide CO₂) is a pure substance because its molecule cannot be broken down into simpler particles by physical means.

A chemical compound is a chemical substance composed of many identical molecules composed of atoms held together by chemical bonds.

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) are inorganic compounds with covalent bonds between carbon and oxygen.

3) Answer is: B. Components that are mixed can be in different states of matter.

A single substance can be used to make a mixture if the substance is composed of more than one element is not correct, because mixture is composed of at least two substances. For example mixture of water and alcohol ethanol.

There is a definite recipe to make each mixture, so the composition of a mixture is set is not correct, because composition of mixture can vary.

Components that are mixed can be in different states of matter is correct, for example mixture of salt (solid) and water (liquid).

The answer is A. The melting and freezing points of a substance are the same. The only difference between melting and freezing is the order in which they occur. Melting starts with a solid and changes into a liquid. Freezing starts with a liquid and changes into a solid. Think of water. At 0 degrees celsius and if the temperature was decreasing before, it would freeze. At 0 degrees celsius and the temperature was increasing before, it would melt. Look at a heating/cooling curve, the straight lines are the transition points. On a heating curve, the first straight line is for melting. On a cooling curve, the last straight line is for freezing. They both occur at the same temperature.

Hope this helped!

The melting and freezing points of a substance are the same (A), which is shown by water's equilibrium at 0°C, where ice melts and liquid water freezes at the same temperature. The heat of fusion and heat of vaporization are unique and differ for each substance. Option A is correct .

The correct statement regarding the phase transitions of a substance is option  A. The melting and freezing points of a substance are the same. This fact can be exemplified with water (H₂O), which has the same melting point and freezing point at 0°C. This temperature represents the equilibrium in which solid water is in equilibrium with its liquid state, as represented by the following equilibrium equation:

H₂O (s) ⇔ H₂O (l)

At this temperature, adding heat will cause the solid to melt and become liquid, while removing heat will result in the liquid freezing and becoming solid. In contrast, the boiling point of water is 100°C, which is where liquid water comes into equilibrium with water vapor, its gaseous state.

Moreover, the heat of fusion and heat of vaporization are unique to each substance and refer to the amount of energy needed to change a substance from solid to liquid and liquid to gas, respectively. These values are not typically the same for a given substance.

where P is the pressure (atm),

V is the volume (L),

n is the number of moles,

R is the general gas constant (8.314 L.atm/mol.K),

T is the temperature in Kelvin

P1 = 3.20 atm, T1 = 300 K, T2 = 290 K, P2 = ??

(3.20 atm)(290 K) = P2(300 K)

P2 = (3.20 atm)(290 K)/ (300 K) = 3.093 atm

Answer: 3.093 atm

I got it right on my quiz

Explanation:

V is the volume (L),

n is the number of moles,

R is the general gas constant (8.314 L.atm/mol.K),

T is the temperature in Kelvin

at constant volume of the gas: P1T2 = P2T1

P1 = 3.20 atm, T1 = 300 K, T2 = 290 K, P2 = ??

(3.20 atm)(290 K) = P2(300 K)

P2 = (3.20 atm)(290 K)/ (300 K) = 3.093 atm

i believe the answer would be zinc or Zn

Answer:

The reaction force accelerates the bat in a direction opposite that of the ball.

Explanation:

your welcome! (; (:

Answer:

2.0 mol of oxygen are consumed.

Step-by-step explanation:

You know that you will need a balanced equation with masses, moles, and molar masses, so gather all the information in one place.

M_r:   28.0                 44.0

          CO  + ½O₂ ⟶ CO₂ + 67.6 kcal

m/g:   112

Step 1. Convert grams of CO to moles of CO

1 mol CO = 28.0 g CO

Moles of CO = 112 × 1/28.0

Step 2. Convert moles of CO to moles of CO₂.

The molar ratio is 1 mol CO₂ to 1 mol CO

Moles of CO₂ = 4.000 × 1/1

Moles of CO₂ = 4.00 mol CO₂

Option A is wrong.

Step 3. Calculate the amount of heat generated.

q = ΔH

The conversion factor is 67.6 kcal/1 mol CO₂

q = 4.00 × 67.6

q = 270 kJ

Option B is wrong, because it gives the heat generated by 1 mol of CO.

Step 4. Calculate the moles of O₂ consumed

Moles of O₂ = 2.00 mol O₂

Option C is correct.

Step 5. Calculate the moles of CO₂ formed

Already done in Step 2.

Moles of CO₂ = 4.00 mol CO₂

Option D is wrong.

Step 6. Calculate the moles of O₂ produced

Already done in Step 4.

Moles of O₂ = 2.00 mol O₂

Option E is wrong.

The correct answer is option C, that is, hypothesis.  

The hypothesis is the starting building block in the scientific method. It is also illustrated as an educated guess, based on previous observation and knowledge. A hypothesis refers to a recommended solution for an unexplained event, which does not fit into the present accepted scientific theory.  

The fundamental concept of a hypothesis is that there is no pre-determined result. For a hypothesis to be considered as scientific hypothesis, it has to be something, which can be refuted or supported via carefully crafted observation or experimentation.  

Answer:

See below.  

Step-by-step explanation:

Hydrogenation of an alkyne in the presence of a Lindlar catalyst produces a cis-alkene.

Thus,treatment of the acetylenic cyclopentenone with hydrogen and Lindlar catalyst gives 3-methyl-2-[(Z)-pent-2-enyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-one

(cis-jasmone).

Cis-jasmone's formation from an alkyne using H2 and the Lindlar catalyst results in a molecule with a double bond due to the catalyst's selective reduction, and the cis configuration indicating the two added hydrogen atoms are on the same side of the molecule. This structure can be drawn using a molecular drawing utility.

The structure of cis−jasmone can be determined based on its formation from an alkyne using H2 and the Lindlar catalyst. The Lindlar catalyst is a hydrogenation catalyst used to selectively hydrogenate alkynes to alkenes without further reduction to alkanes. Therefore, the operation converts a triple bond into a double bond.

Along with the cis-configuration specification, the product has the double bond on the same side.

However, you can easily draw it out using a molecular drawing utility. Start with the carbon backbone of the alkyne, and replace one of the triple bonds with a double bond. Make sure the cis configuration is represented, meaning the additional hydrogen atoms added to the carbon atoms are on the same side.

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 The volume in liters  occupied  by 22.6 g  of I₂  gas  at STP  is  1.99 L (answer A)

 calculation

Step: find the  moles of I₂

moles= mass÷  molar mass

from  periodic table the  molar mass  of I₂  is  253.8 g/mol

moles = 22.6 g÷253.8 g/mol =0.089 moles

Step 2:find the volume  of I₂  at STP

At STP  1  moles =22.4 L

         0.089 moles= ? L

by cross  multiplication

={ (0.089 moles x 22.4 L) /1 mole} = 1.99 L