Many classic experiments have given us indirect evidence of the nature of the atom. Which of the experiments listed below did not give the results described?

A. The Rutherford experiment proved the Thomson "plum-pudding" model of the atom to be essentially correct.
B. The Rutherford experiment was useful in determining the nuclear charge on the atom.
C. Millikan's oil-drop experiment showed that the charge on any particle was a simple multiple of the charge on the electron.
D. The electric discharge tube proved that electrons have a negative charge.
E. All of the above experiments gave the results described.

Answer: Option A. oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen

Explanation:

Answer:

1. Catalyst

2. Solution

3. Solute

4. Solvent

Explanation:

1. A catalyst increases reaction rate but is not used up or consumed in the reaction

Example of a catalyst found in nature are Enzymes

2. Solution, an homogeneous mixture of two or more substances solutes and solvents

3. Solute, the component of a solution dissolved in the solvent

4. Solvent, the component of a solution that dissolves the solute

Answer:

A. Covalent bond

B. Hydrogen bond

Explanation:

Covalent bonds form within a water molecule between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms, while hydrogen bonds form between different water molecules due to electrical attraction.

In a water molecule, covalent bonds form between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms. This occurs because they share electrons to fulfill the Octet Rule for stable electron configurations. On the other hand, when different water molecules interact with each other, a form of weak connection known as hydrogen bonds are formed. This happens as the negatively charged oxygen end of one water molecule is attracted to the positively charged hydrogen end of another water molecule. This type of bonding results in some unique properties of water, such as its ability to act as a solvent for many substances.

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Answer:

3284.3 kg is the mass of HCl needed to produce 5000 kg of CaCl₂

Explanation:

This is the reaction:

CaCO₃ + 2HCl →  CaCl₂  +  CO₂  +  H₂O

Let's convert the mass of the product to moles (mass (g) / molar mas)

Firstly we must convert kg to g

1 kg = 1000 g

5×10³ kg . 1000 g / 1 kg = 5×10⁶ g

5×10⁶ g / 110.98 g/mol = 45053.1 moles

Ratio is 1:2 So, let's make a rule of three:

1 mol of CaCl₂ was produced by the use of 2 moles of HCl

So 45053.1 moles of salt, were produced by, the double of moles

45053.1 mol . 2 → 90106.2 moles

Let's convert the moles, to mass (mol . molar mass)

90106.2 mol . 36.45 g/mol = 3284375 g → 3284.3 kg

Answer : The diatomic gas is nitrogen gas, N₂.

Explanation :

First we have to calculate the moles of gas.

Using ideal gas equation:

[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]

where,

P = Pressure of gas = 1.00 atm

V = Volume of gas = 4.4 L

n = number of moles of gas = ?

R = Gas constant = [tex]0.0821L.atm/mol.K[/tex]

T = Temperature of gas = [tex]22.0^oC=273+22.0=295.0K[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]1.00atm\times 4.4L=n\times (0.0821L.atm/mol.K)\times 295.0K[/tex]

[tex]n=0.1817mol[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the molar mass of gas.

[tex]\text{Molar mass of gas}=\frac{\text{Given mass of gas}}{\text{Moles of gas}}[/tex]

[tex]\text{Molar mass of gas}=\frac{5.1g}{0.1817mol}=28.07g/mol[/tex]

As we are given that the gas is diatomic X₂.

As, 2 atoms of gas X has mass = 28.07 g/mol

So, 1 atom of gas will have mass = [tex]\frac{28.07}{2}=14.04g/mol[/tex]

From this we conclude that the nitrogen atom has mass of 14.04 g/mol.

Thus, the diatomic gas is nitrogen gas, N₂.

Answer:

The coefficient of Ca(OH)2 is 1

Explanation:

Step 1: unbalanced equation

Ca(OH)2 + HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O

Step 2: Balancing the equation

On the right side we have 2x N (in Ca(NO3)2 ) and 1x N on the left side (in HNO3). To balance the amount of N on both sides, we have to multiply HNO3 by 2.

Ca(OH)2 + 2HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O

On the left side we have 4x H (2xH in Ca(OH)2 and 2x H in HNO3), on the right side we have 2x H (in H2O). To balance the amount of H on both sides, we have to multiply H2O on the right side, by 2.

Now the equationis balanced.

Ca(OH)2 + 2HNO3 = Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O

The coefficient of Ca(OH)2 is 1

Final answer:

The coefficient of Ca(OH)2 is 1.

Explanation:

The coefficient of Ca(OH)2 in the equation Ca(OH)2 + HNO3 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O when balanced using the smallest possible coefficients is 1.

Answer:

6,216.684 kilograms of sodium carbonate must be added to neutralize [tex]6.05\times 10^3 kg[/tex] of sulfuric acid solution.

Explanation:

Mass of sulfuric acid solution = [tex]6.05\times 10^3 kg=6.05\times 10^6 g[/tex]

[tex]1 kg = 10^3 g[/tex]

Percentage mass of sulfuric acid = 95.0%

Mass of sulfuric acid = [tex]\frac{95.0}{100}\times 6.05\times 10^6 g[/tex]

[tex]=5,747,500 g[/tex]

Moles of sulfuric acid = [tex]\frac{5,747,500 g}{98 g/mol}=58,647.96 mol[/tex]

[tex]H_2SO_4+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+CO_2+H_2O[/tex]

According to reaction , 1 mole of sulfuric acid is neutralized by 1 mole of sodium carbonate.

Then 58,647.96 moles of sulfuric acisd will be neutralized by :

[tex]\frac{1}{1}\times 58,647.96 mol=58,647.96 mol[/tex] of sodium carbonate

Mass of 58,647.96 moles of sodium carbonate :

[tex]106 g/mol\times 58,647.96 mol=6,216,683.76 g[/tex]

6,216,683.76 g = 6,216,683.76 × 0.001 kg = 6,216.684 kg

6,216.684 kilograms of sodium carbonate must be added to neutralize [tex]6.05\times 10^3 kg[/tex] of sulfuric acid solution.

To neutralize 6.05×10^3 kg of sulfuric acid solution, we would need approximately 6.21×10^3 kg of sodium carbonate, based on the stoichiometry of the chemical reaction between these two compounds.

The problem involves a chemical reaction between sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3). The balanced equation for this reaction is: H2SO4 + Na2CO3 -> Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2. From this equation, we can see that 1 mole of H2SO4 reacts with 1 mole of Na2CO3. Thus, the mass of Na2CO3 needed can be obtained by first determining the mass of H2SO4 present. Then, we convert the mass of H2SO4 to moles using its molar mass, and finally use the molar mass of Na2CO3 to find the mass of Na2CO3 needed.

First, we calculate the mass of H2SO4 in the solution: mass_H2SO4 = 0.95 * (6.05×10^3 kg of H2SO4 solution) = 5747.5 kg of H2SO4.

To convert this mass into moles, we divide by the molar mass of H2SO4, which is approximately 98.08 g/mol (or 0.09808 kg/mol). So, moles_H2SO4 = mass_H2SO4 / molar_mass_H2SO4 = 5747.5 kg / 0.09808 kg/mol = 58.6×10^3 mol.

From the balanced chemical equation, we know that 1 mole of H2SO4 neutralizes 1 mole of Na2CO3. Thus, to neutralize all the H2SO4, we need 58.6×10^3 mol of Na2CO3. Multiplying this number of moles by the molar mass of Na2CO3 (approximately 105.988 g/mol or 0.105988 kg/mol), we obtain the mass of Na2CO3 required: mass_Na2CO3 = moles_Na2CO3 * molar_mass_Na2CO3 = 58.6×10^3 mol * 0.105988 kg/mol = 6.21×10^3 kg of Na2CO3.

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Answer:

6049.69 g or 6.04969 Kg of ore must be processed to get 1 Kg of phosphorous.

Explanation:

Given

An ore has 51% Calcium phosphate

To find

The minimum mass of ore to be processed to get 1.00 Kg of phosphorous

First find the mass of phosphorous in 1 mole = molar mass of Calcium phosphate, Ca₃(PO₄)₃.

Molar mass  of Ca₃(PO₄)₃ is 310 g

Molar mass  of  P is 31 g

1 mole of Ca₃(PO₄)₃ has 3 atoms of phosphorous

i.e 310 g of  Ca₃(PO₄)₃ has 3× 31g of P

= 93 g P

93 g P wil be present in 310 g of Ca₃(PO₄)₃  

1 Kg or 1000 g of P will be in   (1000÷93) ×310

=3333.33 g of Ca₃(PO₄)₃

but the ore has only 55.1% Ca₃(PO₄)₃

i.e

100 g of Ca₃(PO₄)₃ will have 55.1g Ca₃(PO₄)₃

we need 3333.33g of Ca₃(PO₄)₃

100 g of ore  will have 55.1g Ca₃(PO₄)₃

3333.33g of Ca₃(PO₄)₃ will be present in

(3333.33÷ 55.1) ×100

= 6049.60 g of the ore

So 6049.69 g or 6.04969 Kg of ore must be processed to get 1 Kg of phosphorous.

Answer:

The answer to your question is   C₃H₃O

Explanation:

Data

Combustion of a compound C, H, O

mass = 6.10 g

mass CO2 = 14.9 g

mass of water = 6.10 g

Reaction

                     Cx Hy Oz   +   O2   ⇒     CO2   +   H2O

Process

1.- Calculate the moles of carbon

                          44 g of CO2   --------------  12 g of carbon

                           14.9 g of CO2 -------------   x

                            x = (14.9 x 12) / 44

                            x = 4.06 g

                          12 g of C    ------------------ 1 mol

                          4.06 g       ------------------- x

                          x = (4.06 x 1) / 12

                          x = 0.34 moles

2.- Calculate the moles of hydrogen

                           18 g of water -------------  1 g of hydrogen

                            6.10 g of water ----------   x

                            x = (6.10 x 1) / 18

                            x = 0.33 g

                           1 g of H  ----------------  1 mol of H

                           0.33 g     ----------------  x

                           x = (0.33 x 1) / 1

                           x = 0.33 moles of H

3.- Calculate the mass of oxygen

mass of Oxygen = 6.10 - 4.06 - 0.33

                            = 1.71 g

                          16 g of O ---------------  1 mol of O

                          1.71 g of O -------------   x

                          x = (1.71 x 1) / 16

                          x = 0.11 moles

4.- Divide by the lowest number of moles

Carbon   = 0.34 / 0.11  = 3                          

Hydrogen = 0.33 / 0.11 = 3

Oxygen = 0.11 /0.11 = 1

5.- Write the empirical formula

                                    C₃H₃O

Answer:

131.2 mL would be the total volume in the graduated cylinder.

Explanation:

Let's work with the density of metal to find out its volume

Metal density = Metal mass / metal volume

4.46 g/mL = 22.25 g / metal volume

Metal volume = 22.25 g / 4.46 g/mL = 4.98 mL

If we suppose aditive volume, total volume in the graduated cylinder will be:

126.3mL + 4.9mL =  131.2 mL

Answer:

CHO2- ion

Explanation:

We have the lewis structure of a formate-ion here

This is CHO2-.

The carbon atom is the central atom in the structure. It's the least electronegative atom (C). Carbon has 4 valence electrons. Oxygen has 6 valence electrons.

The carbon will bind with 1 hydrogen atom, this will form 1 single bond, because hydrogen has 1 valence electron.

The carbon will bind with oxygen via a double bond.

Since carbon has only 4 valence electrons, it can only form 1 bond with the other oxygen atom.

There will formed 1 double bond between C and O and 1 single bond between C and O resulting in a negative charged O-atom.

This means there are two resonance structures. for the CHO2-  ion

Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry studying carbon-containing compounds. While it traditionally focused on naturally occurring compounds, it now includes human-made substances. Applications range from pharmaceuticals to plastics.

Organic chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and preparation of carbon-containing compounds, which includes not only hydrocarbons but also compounds with any number of other elements, including hydrogen (most compounds contain at least one carbon-hydrogen bond), nitrogen, oxygen, halogens, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur.

This branch of chemistry was traditionally limited to compounds produced by living organisms but has been broadened to include human-made substances such as plastics. The range of application of organic compounds is enormous and also includes, but is not limited to, pharmaceuticals, dyes, coatings, plastics, and many more.

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Answer:

Option B

Explanation:

As nitrogen is more electronegative than hydrogen atom, it attracts the electronic cloud towards it center. This results in poles formation that is partial positive charge on hydrogen and partial negative charge on hydrogen atom. Hence, it makes polar polar covalent bond.

The statement which best explain why the bonds in ammonia is polar covalent is " nitrogen has greater electronegativity than hydrogen. Thus option C is correct.

Electronegativity is ability of an atom to attracts bonded pair electrons towards it. The atoms which can acquire stability by accepting one ore more electrons are electronegative.

Nitrogen is an electronegative atom and its valency is 3 means it needs 3 more electron to attain stability. Thus nitrogen is able to attracts the shared electron from hydrogen and forms a partial negative charge.

Hydrogen is an electropositive atom and it forms a partial positive charge by releasing the shared electron towards nitrogen. This charge separation creates there a polarity. That's the bond type is called polar covalent.

Hence, the bond type in ammonia is polar covalent due to the higher electronegativity of nitrogen than hydrogen.

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Answer:

The answer to your question is 8.28 g of glucose

Explanation:

Data

Glucose  (C₆H₁₂O₆) = ?

Ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH)

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) = 2.25 l

Pressure = 1 atm

T = 295°K

Reaction

                             C₆H₁₂O₆    ⇒    2C₂H₅OH(l) +2CO₂(g)

- Calculate the number of moles

                             PV = nRT

Solve for n

                             [tex]n = \frac{PV}{RT}[/tex]

Substitution

                             [tex]n = \frac{(1)(2.25)}{(0.082)(295)}[/tex]

Simplification

                            n = 0.092

- Calculate the mass of glucose

                         1 mol of glucose --------------- 2 moles of carbon dioxide

                          x                         --------------- 0.092 moles

                          x = (0.092 x 1) / 2

                          x = 0.046 moles of glucose

Molecular weight of glucose = 180 g

                       180 g of glucose ---------------  1 mol

                         x  g                    ---------------0.046 moles

                         x = (0.046 x 180) / 1

                         x = 8.28 g of glucose                                    

Answer: 0.13mol

Explanation:Please see attachment for explanation

Answer:

The answer has been provided in the attachment

Explanation:

The step by step explanation is as given in the attachment below.

The dissolution reactions for Mn(ClO4)2 and Li2CO3 are Mn(ClO4)2(s) -> Mn2+(aq) + 2ClO4-(aq) and Li2CO3(s) -> 2Li+(aq) + CO3^2-(aq) respectively. The cations Mn^2+ and Li+ will react with the anions ClO4^- and CO3^2- respectively to form a precipitate. The net precipitation reaction is Mn2+(aq) + 2ClO4-(aq) + 2Li+(aq) + CO3^2-(aq) -> Mn(ClO4)2(s) + Li2CO3(s).

(A) The dissolution reaction for Mn(ClO4)2 is:

Mn(ClO4)2(s)  →  Mn2+(aq) + 2ClO4-(aq)

(B) The dissolution reaction for Li2CO3 is:

Li2CO3(s)  →  2Li+(aq) + CO32-(aq)

(C) Based on the lab results and the solutions, a precipitate will form when the cations Mn2+ and Li+ react with the anions ClO4- and CO32- respectively.

(D) The net precipitation reaction that occurs is:

Mn2+(aq) + 2ClO4-(aq) + 2Li+(aq) + CO32-(aq)  →  Mn(ClO4)2(s) + Li2CO3(s)

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In the molecule ammonia (NH3), each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge and the nitrogen atom has a partial negative charge. There are covalent bonds between the hydrogen atoms.

In the molecule ammonia (NH3), each hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge (A) because nitrogen is more electronegative than hydrogen. The nitrogen atom, on the other hand, has a partial negative charge (D) due to the uneven distribution of electrons. The presence of covalent bonds between nitrogen and hydrogen atoms (E) results in the formation of ammonia.

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Answer: Beliefs

Explanation: This is a fundamental definition in sociology; the study of society, human social interaction and the rules and processes that bind and separate people not only as individuals, but as members of associations, groups and institutions.

Beliefs are ordinarily defined as the mental acceptance or conviction that certain things are true, real or just the way they are.

Beliefs are a central component of nonmaterial culture, influencing behaviors, values, and norms in a society.

A central component of nonmaterial culture is beliefs, which are the mental acceptance or conviction that certain things are true or real.  These beliefs can vary widely from one culture to another and can shape behaviors, values, and norms within a society. For example, in some cultures, the belief in an afterlife may lead to specific burial rituals, while in other cultures, the belief in a strict diet may shape what foods are considered acceptable or taboo.

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Beliefs are a central component of nonmaterial culture, representing the mental acceptance or conviction that certain things are true or real. They set the foundation for individuals' perception of the world and guide their behaviors.

A central component of nonmaterial culture is beliefs, which are the mental acceptance or conviction that certain things are true or real. Nonmaterial culture refers to the intangible aspects of a society, including its values, norms, and ideologies. These beliefs form the foundation of how individuals perceive and interact with the world, guiding behaviors and influencing societal standards. For example, the belief in equality may cultivate a culture of fairness and non-discrimination in a society.

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Answer:

ΔHacetone = - 247.5 kJ/mol

Explanation:

The enthalpy equation is as follows

ΣnΔHproducts – ΣmΔHreactants =ΔHreaction

3×ΣnΔH(CO2(g)) + 3×ΣnΔH(H2O) - ΣnΔH (C3H6O(l)) =ΔHreaction = -1790 kJ/mol

[3(-393.5) + 3(-285.8)] – ΔHacetone

= -1790 kJ/mol

(-1180.5 – 857.4)kJ/mol - ΔHacetone =

-1790 kJ/mol

-2037.9 kJ/mol - ΔHacetone

= -1790kJ/mol

-2037.9 kJ/mol + 1790kJ/mol = ΔHacetone

- 247.5 kJ/mol = ΔHacetone

ΔHacetone = - 247.5 kJ/mol

To determine the standard enthalpy of formation of acetone (C3H6O), we can use the combustion reaction equation and the standard enthalpies of formation of other compounds involved. By applying Hess's Law and the enthalpy change of the reaction, we can calculate the standard enthalpy of formation.

The standard enthalpy of formation of acetone (C3H6O) can be calculated using the given equation for the combustion of acetone and the standard enthalpies of formation of O2(g), CO2(g), and H2O(l). For the combustion reaction:

C3H6O(l) + 4O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(l)

The enthalpy change or ΔH of the reaction is -1790 kJ. Using Hess's Law and the enthalpy change, we can determine the standard enthalpy of formation of acetone.

We can set up an equation using the standard enthalpy of formation values:

ΔH = Σ(ΔHf(products)) - Σ(ΔHf(reactants))

By rearranging the equation, we can solve for the standard enthalpy of formation of acetone.

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Answer:

B - End to end overlap of p overlap

Explanation:

Sigma bonds (σ bonds) are the strongest type of covalent chemical bondSigma bonds are formed by end-to-end overlapping. Sigma bonds can occur between any kind of atomic orbitals;The combination of overlapping orbitals can be s-s, s-pz or pz-pz.                              

Answer: The electronic configuration of the elements are written below.

Explanation:

Electronic configuration is defined as the representation of electrons around the nucleus of an atom.

Number of electrons in an atom is determined by the atomic number of that atom.

For the given options:

Carbon is the 6th element of the periodic table. The number of electrons in carbon atom are 6.

The electronic configuration of carbon is [tex]1s^22s^22p^2[/tex]

Phosphorus is the 15th element of the periodic table. The number of electrons in phosphorus atom are 15.

The electronic configuration of phosphorus is [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^3[/tex]

Vanadium is the 23rd element of the periodic table. The number of electrons in vanadium atom are 23.

The electronic configuration of vanadium is [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^3[/tex]

Antimony is the 51st element of the periodic table. The number of electrons in antimony atom are 51.

The electronic configuration of antimony is [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^{10}4p^65s^24d^{10}5p^3[/tex]

Samarium is the 62nd element of the periodic table. The number of electrons in samarium atom are 62.

The electronic configuration of samarium is [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^23p^64s^23d^{10}4p^65s^24d^{10}5p^66s^24f^6[/tex]

Hence, the electronic configuration of the elements are written above.

The electrons configurations of the elements C, P, V, Sb, and Sm were determined using complete subshell notation. It depicts the filling of electrons into s, p, d, and f orbitals at different energy levels according to the Aufbau Principle.

The electron configurations in complete subshell notation for the elements specified (C, P, V, Sb, and Sm) would be as following:

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Answer: The molecular formula of the compound is [tex]C_3H_{12}O_3[/tex]

Explanation:

If percentage are given then we are taking total mass is 100 grams.

So, the mass of each element is equal to the percentage given.

Mass of C = 37.5 g

Mass of H = 12.5 g

Mass of O = 50.0 g

Step 1 : convert given masses into moles.

Moles of C =[tex]\frac{\text{ given mass of C}}{\text{ molar mass of C}}= \frac{37.5g}{12g/mole}=3.125moles[/tex]

Moles of H = [tex]\frac{\text{ given mass of H}}{\text{ molar mass of H}}= \frac{12.5g}{1g/mole}=12.5moles[/tex]

Moles of O = [tex]\frac{\text{ given mass of O}}{\text{ molar mass of O}}= \frac{50.0g}{16g/mole}=3.125moles[/tex]

Step 2 : For the mole ratio, divide each value of moles by the smallest number of moles calculated.

For C =[tex]\frac{3.125}{3.125}=1[/tex]

For H= [tex]\frac{12.5}{3.125}=4[/tex]

For O =[tex]\frac{3.125}{3.125}=1[/tex]

The ratio of C: H: O = 1: 4: 1

Hence the empirical formula is [tex]CH_4O[/tex].

The empirical weight of [tex]CH_4O[/tex] = 1(12)+4(1)+1(16)= 32g.

The molecular weight = 93.0 g/mole

Now we have to calculate the molecular formula.

[tex]n=\frac{\text{Molecular weight }}{\text{Equivalent weight}}=\frac{93}{32}=3[/tex]

The molecular formula will be=[tex]3\times CH_4O=C_3H_{12}O_3[/tex]

The molecular formula of the compound is C3H12O3. This was determined by converting percent composition to grams, then to moles to find a simplest ratio for the empirical formula and comparing its mass with the molecular mass.

The compound could firstly be analyzed into its empirical formula by treating the percentage composition directly as masses, which would then provide us the simplest ratio of elements. Hence for 37.5g of C we have 37.5/12.01 = ~3.1 moles of C, for 12.5g of H we have 12.5/1.01 = ~12.4 moles of H, and for 50.0g of O we have 50.0/16.00 = ~3.1 moles of O. The simplest ratio (empirical formula) will then be C3H12O3, with empirical formula mass equals to 94.1 g/mol. This mass is very close to the mentioned molecular mass of 93.0 g/mol, so our molecular formula is presumably the same as the empirical formula. Therefore, the molecular formula of the compound is C3H12O3.

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An astronaut in a spaceship. Hence, option B is correct.

A system that does not interact with its surroundings.

To stay physiologically, emotionally and psychologically fit in isolation, astronauts exercise, eat healthily, follow a sleep and work schedule, and make time for leisure activities.

Hence, an astronaut in a spaceship is an isolated system.

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The mass of oxygen reacted with 14 g nitrogen has been 16 grams.

The formation of dinitrogen dioxide has been mediated with the reaction of oxygen with nitrogen.

The mass of oxygen required for the reaction has been given with the balanced chemical equation as:

[tex]\rm N_2\;+\;O_2\;\rightarrow\;N_2O_2[/tex]

Thus, for the reaction with 1 mole of oxygen, 1 mole of nitrogen has been required.

The mass of 1 mole oxygen has been 32 g.

The mass of 1 mole nitrogen has been 28 g.

Thus, for the reaction with 14 g nitrogen, the mass of oxygen required has been:

[tex]\rm 28\g\;N_2=32\;g\;O_2\\14\;g\;N_2=\dfrac{32}{28}\;\times\;14\g\;O_2\\14\;g\;N_2=165\;g\;O_2[/tex]

The mass of oxygen reacted with 14 g nitrogen has been 16 grams.

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The mass of oxygen required to react with 14 g of nitrogen to make [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] is 80 g.

The balanced chemical equation for the formation of [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] from nitrogen [tex](N_2)[/tex] and oxygen [tex](O_2)[/tex] is:

[tex]\[ N_2 + 5O_2 \rightarrow 2N_2O_5 \][/tex]

The balanced chemical equation for the formation of [tex]N_2O_2[/tex] from nitrogen [tex](N_2)[/tex] and oxygen [tex](O_2)[/tex] is:

[tex]\[ N_2 + 2O_2 \rightarrow 2N_2O_2 \][/tex]

From the second equation, we can see that 16 g of oxygen reacts with 14 g of nitrogen to form [tex]N_2O_2[/tex]. This gives us the molar ratio of oxygen to nitrogen for [tex]N_2O_2[/tex], which is 2:1 by mass.

Now, we need to find out the molar ratio of oxygen to nitrogen for [tex]N_2O_5[/tex]. From the first equation, the molar ratio of oxygen to nitrogen is 5:1.

Since the mass of nitrogen (14 g) is the same in both reactions, we can directly compare the ratios of oxygen used in both reactions.

For [tex]N_2O_2[/tex], we have 16 g of oxygen for every 14 g of nitrogen, and for [tex]N_2O_5[/tex], we need 5 times as much oxygen for the same amount of nitrogen.

Therefore, the mass of oxygen required for [tex]N_2O_5[/tex] is:

[tex]\[ \frac{5}{2} \times 16 \text{ g of oxygen} = 40 \text{ g of oxygen} \][/tex]

Using the molar masses of nitrogen (14 g/mol for [tex]N_2[/tex]) and oxygen (32 g/mol for [tex]O_2[/tex]), we can calculate the amount of oxygen needed:

[tex]\[ \frac{14 \text{ g of N2}}{28 \text{ g/mol of N2}} \times \frac{5 \text{ mol of O2}}{1 \text{ mol of N2}} \times 32 \text{ g/mol of O2} = 80 \text{ g of O2} \][/tex]

Answer:

c) .51835

Explanation:

Let the relative abundance of the lighter of the two isotopes be X we have

Then the relative abundance of the heavier isotope is then (1-X)

Whereby we have that in nature the amount of the lighter silver found in proportion is X and the heavier isotope of silver is present as (1-X) proportion in nature.

To calculate the relative atomic mass of silver, we have

(Mass of light weight silver)×X + (mass of heavier isotope of silver×(1-X) = relative atomic mass of silver

106.90509(X) + 108.9047(1-X)

108.9-108.9(x)+106.9(x) = 107.87

-2x-1.03 = 0.517450902926

Closest answer is c

c) .5184

The relative atomic mass of isotopes is the weighted average by the mole-fraction of abundance of these isotopes which gives the atomic weight that is listed for that element on the periodic table.

Answer:

0.15 m C6H12O6 > 0.15 m CH3COOH > 0.10 m Na3PO4 >  0.20 m MgCl2 > 0.35 m NaCl

Explanation:

Step 1:

0.10m Na3PO4

Na3PO4 → 3Na+ + PO4^-3-

⇒ van't Hoff factor is 3 + 1 = 4

0.10 m * 4 = 0.40

0.35m NaCl

NaCl → Na+ + Cl-

⇒ van't Hoff factor = 1+1 = 2

0.35 * 2 = 0.70

0.20m MgCl2

MgCl2 → Mg^2+ + 2Cl-

 ⇒ Van't Hoff factor = 1+2 = 3

0.20 * 3 = 0.60

0.15m C6H12O6

⇒  for non-ionic compounds in solution, like glucose (C6H12O6) , the van't Hoff factor is 1. They do not dissociate in water.

0.15 * 1 = 0.15

0.15m CH3COOH.

CH3CO2H ⇄ CH3CO2− + H+

 ⇒ Van't hoff factor ≈ 1<x<2

0.15 * 2 = 0.30

Larger the concentration of the concentration of the particles, smaller the freezing point.

0.15 m C6H12O6 > 0.15 m CH3COOH > 0.10 m Na3PO4 >  0.20 m MgCl2 > 0.35 m NaCl

The order of decreasing freezing point is -

0.15m C6H12O6 < 0.15m CH3COOH < 0.10 m Na3PO4 < 0.20 m MgCl2 < 0.35 m NaCl,

It is calculated as:  

dT = i Kf m  

m = The concentration values in molalities  

Kf = the cryoscopic constant for water (-1.86, the same for all solutions)

i = the Van’t Hoff factor, which is the number of ion particles per individual molecule/formula of solute

Solution:

So you have to arrange in increasing order of the product i·m  

0.15 m C6H12O6        

im = 1 x 0.15 = 0.15     (undissociated, i=1)

0.15 m CH3COOH  

im =1.1 x 0.15 = 0.17 (partially dissociated) ( 1<i<2)

0.10 m Na3PO4

im = 4 x 0.1 = 0.4       (i=4)

0.20 m MgCl2

im = 3 x 0.2 = 0.6    (i=3)

0.35 m NaCl,

im = 2 x 0.35 = 0.7 (i=2)

Thus, the order of decreasing freezing point is -

0.15m C6H12O6 < 0.15m CH3COOH < 0.10 m Na3PO4 < 0.20 m MgCl2 < 0.35 m NaCl,

Learn more:

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Answer:

[(172 - 170)mg/170 mg]*100% = 2*100%/170 = 1.18%

Explanation:

Generally percent error is calculated by dividing the error by the actual value of the variable at standard conditions. In the problem above, the acceptable or actual mass of potassium in a cup of the cereal is 170 mg and the estimated mass of potassium in a cup of the cereal is 172 mg. Therefore, the percent error = [(172 - 170)mg/170 mg]*100% = 2*100%/170 = 1.18%

Answer:

c.

Explanation:

A serial dilution is a dilution that is made fractionated. The stock solution is diluted, then this now solution is diluted, and then successively. The final dilution is the multiplication of the steps dilutions.

The representation of the dilution is v/v (volume per volume) indicates how much of the stock solution is in the total volume of the solution. So 1/5 indicates 1 mL to 5 mL of the solution. If the final volume must be 1 mL, then the stock solution must be 0.2 mL (0.2/1 = 1/5), and the volume of the solvent is 1 mL - 0.2 = 0.8 mL.

The second solution is done with a dilution of 1/10 or 1 mL of the first solution in 10 mL of the total solution. Because the solution has 1 mL, then the volume of the first solution must be 0.1 mL (0.1/1 = 1/10), and the volume of the solvent that must be added is 1 mL - 0.1 mL = 0.9 mL.

Answer:

in the presence of water H2O

Na2CO3 (S) --> 2Na+ (aq)+ (CO3)2-(aq)

One mole of sodium carbonate produces two moles of Na+ ions

Therefore 0.207 moles produces 0.414 moles of Na+ ions

= 0.414 moles of Na+ ions

Explanation:

In water

Na2CO3 --> 2Na+ (aq)+ (CO3)2-(aq)

In a limited reaction, the carbonate ion reacts with the water molecules as follows

(CO3)2-(aq) + H2O←→HCO3-(aq) + OH-(aq)

sodium carbonate or soda ash dissolves in water to give 2 sodium cations and one carbonate anion

The balanced equation for the dissolution of sodium carbonate in water produces two moles of Na+ for every mole of Na2CO3. For 0.207 mol of sodium carbonate, it yields 0.414 mol of Na+ ions.

The balanced equation for the dissolution of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) in water is:

Na2CO3(s) → 2Na+(aq) + CO3^2-(aq)

When 0.207 mol of sodium carbonate dissolves in water, it produces two moles of Na+ ions for every mole of sodium carbonate. Therefore, to find the number of moles of Na+ produced we multiply:

0.207 mol Na2CO3 × 2 mol Na+ / 1 mol Na2CO3 = 0.414 mol Na+

Answer: To determine the average atomic mass, we require abundance of every isotope in the nature.

Explanation:

Average atomic mass is defined as the sum of masses of each isotope each multiplied by their natural fractional abundance.

Formula used to calculate average atomic mass follows:

[tex]\text{Average atomic mass }=\sum_{i=1}^n\text{(Atomic mass of an isotopes)}_i\times \text{(Fractional abundance})_i[/tex]

For Example: There are 3 isotopes of silicon, Si-28, Si-29 and Si-30.

We know that:

Average atomic mass of silicon = 28.086 amu

In order to calculate the average atomic mass of an element, we need the atomic mass of every isotope and also the abundance of every isotope in the nature.

Percentage abundance of Si-28 isotope = 92.2 %

Percentage abundance of Si-29 isotope = 4.7 %

Percentage abundance of Si-30 isotope = 3.1 %

Hence, to determine the average atomic mass, we require abundance of every isotope in the nature.

Final answer:

Other cation channels, such as voltage-gated calcium and potassium channels, can substitute for the function of blocked voltage-gated sodium channels in action potential generation and propagation.

Explanation:

If the voltage-gated sodium channels are blocked, other cation channels can substitute for their function in action potential generation and propagation. One such cation channel is the voltage-gated calcium channel. Although calcium channels primarily play a role in synaptic transmission, they can also contribute to the depolarization phase of the action potential in the absence of functional sodium channels.

Another cation channel that can substitute for voltage-gated sodium channels is the voltage-gated potassium channel. While potassium channels primarily repolarize the membrane during the action potential, they can also contribute to the depolarization phase in the absence of sodium channels.

It is important to note that these cation channels may not fully replicate the function of voltage-gated sodium channels, and the exact impact on action potential generation and propagation can vary depending on the specific circumstances.