The fossil record documents trends in which brains that are large relative to body size evolved in certain lineages, including hominins. in such lineages, what can you infer about the costs and benefits of large brains?
Final answer:
The evolution of large brains in hominins is attributed to their significant advantages in intelligence, social behavior, and adaptability, despite their metabolic costs. Enhanced cognitive abilities and improved diet through advanced tool use and meat consumption facilitated the sustaining of larger brain sizes.
Explanation:
When evaluating the evolution of large brains in hominins, it's essential to consider the costs and benefits. The fossil record indicates that large brains evolved in certain lineages, such as Homo, and are not merely a consequence of increased body size, but more likely related to complex behavioral adaptations. Large brains, while metabolically costly and demanding in early human development, provided significant evolutionary advantages such as enhanced cognitive abilities, improved social interactions, and advanced tool-making skills. The disproportionate energy use of the brain, requiring about 25-30% of human metabolic energy, points to the necessity of a high-quality diet, ultimately leading to a reduced gut size in hominins. The shift in diet, with an increased emphasis on meat, allowed for the nutrition necessary to sustain larger brains. Moreover, larger brains facilitated the development of material culture, complex social structures, and environmental adaptations. The evidence suggests that the benefits of a large brain, such as increased intelligence and social complexity, outweighed the energetic costs in evolutionary terms.
How do the atoms in diagram differ from those in diagram d
The _____ body cavity is where the nerves of the spinal cord are located.
Threadlike structures that contain dna are defined as
The circulatory system of organisms carries nutrients throughout that organism. Which cell structure has a similiar structure?
Nutrients move through ecosystems in different way. which nutrient cycles through organisms,rivers,
Suppose an organism can alternate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration. if it had to use anaerobic respiration exclusively, how many glucose molecules must it break down to generate the same atp as it would in aerobic respiration?
Which trigonometric functions have asymptotes? (select all that apply.)?
Where do the adp and nadh go after they are used in the calvin cycle?
What does it mean when we describe water as being polar?
Choose the factor that is likely to limit population growth.
Limiting factors are the resources that can limit population growth. It can include keystone species, predator, energy, available space, disease and food supply etc.
What are the limiting factors for population growth?Population growth limiting factors are either density-dependent or density-independent.
Density dependent factors can include disease, competition and predators while density independent factors can include harsh weather, limited food supply, lower quantity of nutrients etc.
Thus, in the given question, option D is correct.
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Manufacturing recombinant dna molecules involves cutting a gene from its normal location, inserting it into a circular piece of dna from a bacterial cell, and then transferring the circle of dna to cells of another species. which of the below describe the circular piece of dna?
How did the absent minded professor burn his ear answer key?
Answer : Absent minded is a state of mind where a person is not attentive to the present situation (or what is happening around) rather is lost in thinking other things in mind.
In this case when the professor was ironing his clothes, he was lost in thoughts and was absent minded while performing the task of ironing. When he got a phone call on his mobile which was besides iron, he picked up the iron and touched it near his ear; which burnt his ear as iron was steaming hot.
An increase in the number of brown bears in an Alaskan river ecosystem causes the ecosystem's carrying capacity for salmon to decrease. Which two terms describe the brown bear in this scenario? A.Parasite B.Biotic factor C.Limiting factor D.Primary consumer
Answer:
B and C, biotic factor and limiting factor
Explanation:
The carrying capacity of an ecosystem is the maximum number of organisms that an ecosystem can support based on the resources it contains.
The more the resources an ecosystem has, the more the number of organisms it can sustain and the higher the carrying capacity. On the other hand, the lower the resources an ecosystem has, the lower the number of organisms it can sustain and the lower the carrying capacity. These resources are often refers to as limiting factors.
Properly defined, limiting factors are those variables that act on a population and prevent it from increasing indefinitely. These variables can be density dependent or density independent.
Biotic factors are the living factors of the environment or an ecosystem that tend to interact with individuals living in such environment/ecosystem.
Hence, in this case, the brown bears can be viewed as a limiting factor since their increase in the river ecosystem decreased the ecosystem's carrying capacity for salmon. At the same time, they are part of the living components of the salmon's environment and can therefore be considered as a biotic factor.
Bradley decides one day to run a marathon without any training. After ten minutes has elapsed and Bradley has run half a mile, he begins to get cramps in his thighs. He is also breathing very rapidly. What is causing the cramps on Bradley's legs?
Answer:
The correct answer is "lactic fermentation".
Explanation:
Lactic fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in muscle cells as a way to produce energy when not enough oxygen reach the cells. This happens when a person is performing anaerobic exercise for a considerable period of time or without proper training, like Bradley that tried to run a marathon without any training. Lactic fermentation produces lactic acid build up on muscles, which is what is causing the cramps on Bradley's legs.
Living organisms are composed of millions of organic compounds, each having a unique structure . What element is responsible for this huge diversity of molecules? Describe the diversty of structures that can be formed in the properties of this element that allow this diversity of form to occur
7.
In a food chain, concentrations of harmful substances increase in higher trophic levels in a process known as
A. biological magnification.
B. genetic drift.
C. biological succession.
D. pesticide resistance.
The A. Biological magnification is the process which causes toxic substances to increase at each trophic level in a food chain, making apex consumers most at risk.
The term that describes the process whereby toxic substances increase along trophic levels of an ecosystem is biological magnification. This phenomenon occurs when synthetic chemicals, such as pesticides, become more concentrated as they move up the food chain, resulting in higher levels of toxicity for organisms at the top. For instance, when a marsh is sprayed with DDT to control mosquitoes, microscopic aquatic organisms like plankton absorb trace amounts of DDT.
Filter-feeders such as clams and some fish then ingest the plankton, accumulating DDT in higher concentrations. This process continues upwards through the food chain, with each trophic level experiencing a significant increase in the concentration of these harmful substances, often resulting in detrimental effects on apex consumers.
why are temperatures near the great lakes cooler in the summer than temperatures a few miles away?
EARTH SCIENCE
Answer:the lakes have a high specific heat capacity
Explanation: ape x
What is the name of muscle's state of perpetual partial tension?
Muscle tone, or tonus, is the state of perpetual partial tension in muscles. It allows muscles to maintain posture and readiness for action, while muscle tension can vary to handle different levels of load.
The name of the muscle's state of perpetual partial tension is muscle tone or tonus. This state helps to maintain posture and ensures that muscles are ready for action. The control of muscle tension involves neural control that initiates the formation of actin-myosin cross-bridges. The tension a muscle produces can vary, allowing it to handle different levels of load, from light objects to heavy objects. During an isotonic contraction, tension in the muscle remains constant as the muscle changes length. Factors like the cross-sectional area of the muscle fiber and the frequency of neural stimulation influence the amount of tension produced.
The nurse, assessing the lochia of a client, attempts to separate a clot and identifies the presence of tissue. which observation would indicate the presence of tissue
Which species normally has cloudy urine when it's passed?
A. Ovine
B. Porcine
C. Equine
D. Bovine
The specie that normally have cloudy urine when it’s passed is a horse, which stands for the Equine. Therefore the answer is letter C. The color of their urine as the bladder is entirely deflated. If it seems red, brown or orange, the horse might have a health problem.
When a plant cell, such as one from a tulip leaf, is submerged in a hypertonic solution, what is likely to occur?
Submerging a plant cell in a hypertonic solution leads to water moving out of the cell, causing the cell to shrink in a process called plasmolysis. This consequently leads to loss of turgor pressure, resulting in the plant wilting.
Explanation:When a plant cell, such as one from a tulip leaf, is submerged in a hypertonic solution, the cell is surrounded by a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than within the cell itself. As a result, water molecules move out of the cell to balance the concentration, an occurrence known as osmosis. This outward movement of water causes the cell membrane to shrink and detach from the cell wall, a process termed as plasmolysis. Ultimately, the cell loses turgor pressure, which is the force of water against the cell wall that helps maintain the plant structure, leading to the plant wilting.
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What is the hallmark of our species, according to evolutionary psychologists?
A student using a light microscope observes a cell and correctly decided that it is
How does carbon’s high valence relate to its ability to form these large and complex biomolecules?
Carbon’s high valence is vital in the formation of biomolecules due to the flexibility of carbon which enables its conformity to different shapes.
In the outermost shell of carbon, there are four electrons that enables it form covalent bond with other elements. The atoms of carbon are known to be the backbone of the important molecules that we have in our body.
In conclusion, the flexibility of carbon plays a vital role in the formation of complex biomolecules.
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Meiosis is the type of cell division which produces haploid gametes. false or true
Microfilaments are solid, and they are built from a double chain of actin. explain three examples of movements that involve microfilaments
Which of the following pairs with uracil in RNA?
adenine
thymine
guanine
cytosine
RNA is single stranded AND found mainly in the nucleus.
True
False
Which of the following is NOT true?
DNA is found in the nucleus.
DNA replication produces four new strands of DNA.
DNA and RNA each contain four nitrogenous bases.
A nucleotide consists of a sugar, a base, and a phosphate.
Different species that occupy similar niches in isolated areas develop morphological similarities. this phenomenon is called _____.
The __________ skeleton is made up of 126 bones of the limbs and girdles.