The so-called New Deal coalition re-elected FDR in a landslide.
Explanation:
Roosevelt was one of the greatest American presidents. He was highly famous for his Great Deal coalition in order to eradicate unemployment and for establishing new economic system in USA. His Great Deal was quite successful and it provided him the opportunity to get nominated for the landslide and to get re-elected.
The 1936 election was conducted during the time of Great Depression and he was working on his great deal to get the provision of this policy through the courts and Congress party. London criticized his policy but couldn’t refuse its importance
Option c. the so-called New Deal coalition reelected FDR in a landslide. In the presidential election of 1936, Franklin D. Roosevelt was reelected in a landslide, supported by the New Deal coalition, which led to one of the most one-sided victories in U.S. presidential election history.
In the presidential election of 1936, the correct answer to the student's question was c. The so-called New Deal coalition reelected FDR in a landslide. The election was one of the most lopsided in US history, with Franklin D. Roosevelt winning all but two states against the Republican candidate Alf Landon. Landon, while supportive of many aspects of the New Deal, represented those who felt Roosevelt had overstepped constitutional boundaries with federal intervention. Despite opposition from various angles, including those accusing the New Deal of being either socialist or a corporate plot, Roosevelt's broad support base, known as the New Deal coalition, provided a strong foundation for his overwhelming victory.
The writer is considering deleting the underlined sentence. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?
A Kept, because it provides important information regarding the effects of the relationship between King and Gandhi.
B Kept, because it serves to contextualize the social and political environment in which Gandhi operated.
C Deleted, because it contains information that is irrelevant to the main topic of the second paragraph.
D Deleted, because it contradicts the idea that Gandhi relied on nonviolent means to enact social change.
The correct answer is letter C.
Explanation: In this case the best option is letter C.
Deleted, because it contains information that is irrelevant to the main topic of the second paragraph.
this semester we have gone over in detail theories of human nature that managers might assume in trying to understand the worker they manage. Describe ALL three theories. In your view, are they really theories of "human nautre" or are they really descriptions of three kinds of organizations or organizational structure that produce one kind of 'human nautre' or another ? you must justify your answer with examples with either personal experience or reference current events
The three theories of human nature where we have the first, pessimistic -where the workers work s little as possible and steal ideas given an opportunity Optimistic- Workers are generally satifactory and do not require monitoring.
Based on your own experiences, what are some symbols (e.g., letters of the alphabet) people use to communicate?
Communication can take many different forms, and this is especially true in modern times, as our types of technology have changed the way in which we operate and communicate with one another.
An example of symbols that people use to communicate with each other are emojis. These are images that convey messages without the use of words and are extremely common in modern messages sent through technological devices. Another example of such symbols are road signs. These allow drivers to quickly and efficiently understand a message, which increases safety on the road.
People use various symbols for communication, including letters of the alphabet to form words, hieroglyphs for pictorial writing, and sign language gestures. Modern symbols like emojis and logos also convey specific meanings. Symbols help translate ideas and thoughts into understandable formats.
Based on my experiences, there are several symbols that people use to communicate:
Letters of the alphabet: These are used to form words, which are visual symbols that represent specific meanings. For example, the word 'cat' immediately conjures an image of the animal it represents.Hieroglyphs: These are pictorial symbols used in ancient Egypt to convey sounds, words, or phrases.Sign language: In American Sign Language (ASL), hand gestures represent letters and words, allowing those who are deaf or hard of hearing to communicate.Emojis: These are modern symbols that represent emotions, objects, and ideas in digital communication.Logos: These visual symbols represent brands and organizations and convey specific messages or identities.Each of these systems of symbols plays a crucial role in human communication, translating thoughts and ideas into easily understandable formats.
_______ theory tells us that crime is a result of certain conditions within certain neighborhoods.
Answer: Cultural deviance theory.
Explanation: A deviance is an action that violates cultural norms such as crime.
Cultural deviance theory explains that crimes arises as a result of behaving in a manner as others in the same location especially as a result of social pressure. Examples of these crimes are robbery, theft, murder, and assault
Professor Lake is a strong advocate of the behavioral perspective. He would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?A)Human behavior is shaped by experience and environmental events.B)Human behavior can best be explained by genetics and heredity.C)Most human behavior is the result of unconscious psychological conflicts.D)The understanding of mental processes is the key to understanding human behavior.
Answer: Human behavior is shaped by experience and environmental events.
Advocates for Behavioural perspective believes that an individual is greatly influenced by their environment. Behavioural perspective focuses on observable behavior, denying any independent significance for mind, and usually assumes that behavior is determined by the environment.
During a storm in Tornado Alley, a house is destroyed, but its owner Dorothy survives. Dorothy plans to return to the site to salvage her possessions, but she delays. Meanwhile, Elliott combs through the ruins and removes all useful items. Dorothy learns of the recovery and files a suit against Elliott, claiming that the items are hers. Elliott responds that the destroyed house was abandoned and therefore he has good title to whatever he took possession of. What is the court likely to rule, and why?
Answer:
According to what has been established by the law, Dorothy would recover all her belongings
Explanation:
According to what has been established by the law, Dorothy would recover all her belongings, due to the fact that she did not abandoned her house at any moment. What happened, was due to a natural event whose control was beyond her reach. Therefore, Elliot should deliver all the objects to its rightful owner.
The court is likely to favor Dorothy over Elliott, as simply delaying salvage efforts does not constitute abandonment of property rights.
Explanation:In the case involving Dorothy and Elliott, the court is likely to rule in favor of Dorothy, stating that the items removed by Elliott from the destroyed house still belong to her. The concept of abandoned property does not apply as Dorothy's delay in salvaging does not equate to abandonment of her possessions.
It is a common legal principle that property ownership does not instantly transfer when property is lost or left due to a disaster. Instead, the original owner retains the rights to their property unless it is legally declared abandoned, which involves a clear intention to forsake ownership.
Muslim believes that divine judgement after death leads either to heaven or to hell.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A.True
Explanation:
Describe likely differences between gender-typed and androgynous people with respect to the way or the extent to which they might think differently about academic interests and athletic pursuits.
Gender-typed people and androgynous people differ in several ways when we look at general trends. Gender-typed people are those who fit easily within traditional gender roles. These people tend to suscribe to traditional beliefs of masculinity and femininity, as well as traditional gendered behaviours.
When it comes to academic interests, they most likely believe that subjects such as science and engineering fit males better, while subjects such as English, teaching and art are more "female." When it comes to athletic pursuits, they would most likely identify activities such as dancing with women, while they believe activities such as football and boxing are more "male."
On the other hand, androgynous people have a more fluid and less strict view of gender. They are more likely to believe that all people should be able to engage in particular behaviours. They also tend to believe that women and men are equally skilled at all subjects, and that the path each person choses to follow depends on their personal interests and not on their gender.
Curtis finds that his girlfriend is quite uncommunicative this morning. Given what we know about the side effects of extinction, which of the following behavior patterns would we expect Curtis to display?a. an increase in his attempts to communicate with her.b. an increase in emotional behavior.c. an increase in aggression.d. an increase in variability of the behavior.
Answer:
a. An increase in his attempts to communicate with her.
Explanation:
The term extinction refers to a behavioural phenomenon that takes place in operant and classical conditioning. This describes the fading of non-reinforced conditioned responses over time. This occurs when an operant behaviour that has been previously reinforced no longer produces reinforcing consequences, which leads to the behaviour gradually stopping. However, a side effect of extinction is the sudden and temporary increase in the response, such as in the case of Curtis.
Lena wonders why her son’s preschool teacher provides extensive playtime in learning centers instead of formallessons in literacy and math skills. Explain to Lena why adult- supported play is the best way for preschoolers todevelop academically? What research findings indicate that child centered rather than academic preschools andkindergartens are better suited to fostering academic development?
Answer:
Playtime in learning centers improve social and learning skills for the kids.
Explanation:
Kids that are in preschool are in their most important learning phase and growing. Studies have shown that playtime in learning centers are moreeffective for them than fromal lessons in literacy and math skills because they help kids to develop their social and learning skills.
Agent Sam tells a prospective buyer about a property’s ""beautiful landscaping"" and excellent architecture."" The property is actually quite average. What activity is Sam engaging in?
Answer:
Active fraud
Explanation:
Agent Sam is a real estate property agent and he speaks with a prospective customer about a house. Agent Sam falsely claims that the property has a very beautiful landscape and is magnificent.
The agent misleads and lure the prospective customer by saying that the building has an excellent architecture whereas in reality the property is average and is not as beautiful as mentioned by the agent.
Thus the agent is engaging in fraud by misleading the customer and it is an offense. When the customer finds out about the fraud done by the agent, he can sue the agent.
A fraud is a wrongful deception which is intended for personal or a financial gain.
Agent Sam, by describing a property as having "beautiful landscaping" and excellent architecture when it is actually quite average, is engaging in a practice known as misrepresentation.
This can create false impressions for potential buyers. Misrepresentation in real estate involves making exaggerated or false statements about the features or condition of a property in order to influence a buyer's decision. Often, real estate advertisements may only showcase the most appealing aspects of a property, potentially omitting or hiding less desirable features, like a nearby landfill or factory.
Examples of such practices include not revealing neighborhood drawbacks or highlighting only the positive attributes of an area or structure. This is contrasted with an honest realtor who would present properties aligning closely with a buyer's budget and preferences without undue influence or misrepresentation. An ethical approach would require realtors to disclose relevant information that could affect the property's value or desirability, allowing buyers to make well-informed decisions.
tasks made using any recorder can be edited in the task editor ture or false
The answer is True
Explanation: The Task Editor can be used to edit existing tasks created by various recorders.
Information from higher brain regions is transmitted to the medulla through the
A. corpus callosum.B. hippocampus.C. angular gyrus.D. thalamus.
Answer:
D. thalamus.
Explanation:
Thalamus, which is a part of the intermediate brain, is a walnut-sized nerve tissue. It is located in the middle part of the human brain. All sensory organs except the sense of smell is located in the thalamus. Behavior for performing a specific job is shaped here. It receives sensory information from brain stem and optic nerves and transmits it to higher brain regions. The outer appearance of the thalamus resembles two bulbs standing side by side. It consists of two identical pieces and the length of each piece is approximately 6 cm. Thalamus occurs in the early stages of embryonic development due to its effect on the senses. The embryo that does not develop in the thalamus region cannot survive. In the same way, a person who suffers damage to the thalamus region will die in a short time. One of the most important features of thalamus is the filter feature on the senses. This feature allows us to classify our feelings according to their importance. It puts the less important senses in the background while highlighting the important ones. In this way, we can concentrate on what we do. The thalamus is one of the most primitive parts of the brain and has a constructive effect on primitive behavior. Behaviors such as anger, fear and violence are controlled by the thalamus. Therefore, damage to this organ to affect these senses may cause psychological disorders. The thalamus controls primitive behaviors and secretes hormones of the adrenaline type resulting from primitive behaviors. The reason for this is to maximize the functionality of the body and to escape from a dangerous environment without harm. When the body encounters a dangerous situation, its movements are restricted by the thalamus. The reason for this is that the person does not act in fear. For example, most people cannot act with fear when they encounter snake species. This is related to the effects of thalamus on primitive emotions.
Which of the following is associated with alterations in cognitive function, psychological distress, and/or psychosis?
1) Insomnia
2) Sleep deprivation
3) Psychostimulant use
4) All of the answers provided are correct
Answer:4) All of the answers provided are correct
Explanation: All of the answers provided are correct,they all have to do with distortion of a person's sleep.
Insomnia is a condition where a person is unable to sleep,the person lacks enough sleep,which eventually leads toalterations in cognitive function, psychological distress, and psychosis.
Sleep deprivation is a situation where a person deprives himself or is deprived of the needed sleep with can lead toalterations in cognitive function, psychological distress, and/or psychosis.
Psychostimulants are drugs or substances that adversely affects a person by causing sleep disorders and alterations in cognitive function, psychological distress, and/or psychosis.
Insomnia, sleep deprivation, and psychostimulant use all can lead to alterations in cognitive function, psychological distress, and/or psychosis. Each alter's brain function in distinctive ways, thereby impacting mental health.
Explanation:All the listed options, i.e., Insomnia, Sleep deprivation, and Psychostimulant use, are indeed associated with alterations in cognitive function, psychological distress, and/or psychosis. Insomnia and sleep deprivation can hinder the proper functioning of the brain, affecting cognitive abilities and causing mood swings, irritability, depression, or anxiety. Psychostimulant use, on the other hand, impacts the central nervous system which can result in cognitive impairments, mood disorders, and in severe cases, psychosis. Therefore, the answer to your question is 4) All of the answers provided are correct.
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After you have practiced several times by yourself and then a few times for friends and family, what should you do?A. Stop practicing and forget about your speech until the day that you give it. B. Do a final practice session in which you record and watch yourself give your speech. C. Read through your speech silently a few more times. D. Change a substantial portion of your speech.
The best option for final speech practice is to record and watch yourself give the speech, which allows you to observe and correct any distracting behaviors and polish your performance. Option B is correct .
After practicing your speech several times alone and then a few times for friends and family, you should pursue a strategy that helps polish your performance and rectify any unnoticed mistakes. The most advisable option based on the information provided would be to do a final practice session in which you record and watch yourself give your speech (Option B).
By doing this, you will be able to observe and correct small behaviors that may distract the audience or affect your grade. You'll notice things like a monotone voice, unnecessary movements, or awkward phrasing that might not be apparent without seeing and hearing yourself as others would.
Practicing by recording yourself provides a valuable perspective that silent reading or small changes cannot offer. Plus, this method gives you a chance to evaluate the timing, pacing, and overall flow of your speech, ensuring you're fully prepared for the actual presentation. Remember, practice doesn’t just make perfect—it's essential for making your actions habitual and natural during your speech.
What test items are determined by the Program Management Office that is developing the system?
The correct answer is Critical Technical Parameters (CTPs)
Explanation: They are developed and coordinated by: The Independent Operational Test Agency.
Who appears to have fathered one or more children with his slave?
a. Benjamin Rush.
b. Thomas Jefferson.
c. Ben Franklin.
d. John Adams.
e. George Washington.
Answer:
b. Thomas Jefferson.
Explanation:
Thomas Jefferson though consider blacks as biologically inferior, helped many slaves. There are many evidences that proves that after the death of his wife Martha Jefferson he was in a relationship with Sally Hemings a woman of mixed race and they had at-least one or as many as six slaves. Sally remained enslaved by Jefferson until her death and the mystery of Jefferson and Hemings is still open to debate even today.
To ensure that a study is ethical, the plan for the research must be approved ahead of time by the _____.
Group of answer choices
A. International Research Body
B. Instructional Resources Board
C. Institutional Review Board
D. Institutional Research Board
Buta has the latest television and satellite system with integrated computer apps, on-demand technology, and tablet accessibility. She is always first among her friends to adopt new technologies. Which of the following adopter categories best describes Buta?LaggardImpulse purchaserInnovatorEarly adopterEarly majority
Answer:
Innovator
Explanation:
Innovator:-
Innovator is the person who believes in adapting new things and always tries in innovation. Innovation is defined as the new ideas and the creative thoughts which can be useful to the human kind. It requires better technology, better requirements and enlarging market needs.In the given question, Buta is a innovator in which he is being involved in new technology and is always adopting new ones.
the correct answer is Innovator.Buta fits the profile of an innovator, as she always adopts new technologies first, showing enthusiasm and willingness to experiment with the latest advancements.
Based on the technology adoption life cycle, Buta is likely categorized as an innovator. Innovators are those who are enthusiastic about new technologies and are the first to embrace them, often before they become mainstream.
They are unconcerned about the cost and are focused on experimenting with the latest innovations. Given that Buta always adopts new technologies and is ahead of her friends in doing so, she fits the profile of an innovator who is excited to try out the newest advancements as soon as they are available.What was the main issue in the Supreme Court's Miller v. Alabama decision?
Answer and Explanation:
The main issue in the Supreme Court decision was that those who committed the crimes were juveniles. It is unconstitutional to sentence juveniles to life terms without paroles because it violates the 8th Amendments prohibition of cruel and unusual punishments, which considered the impact of juveniles’ immaturity, family backgrounds and environments.
Final answer:
The Supreme Court's decision in Miller v. Alabama dealt with the unconstitutional nature of mandatory life imprisonment without parole for juveniles, violating the Eighth Amendment.
Explanation:
Miller v. Alabama Supreme Court Decision
The main issue in the Supreme Court's decision on Miller v. Alabama revolved around the constitutionality of imposing mandatory sentences of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole on juvenile offenders. The court ruled that such harsh sentencing violated the Eighth Amendment's prohibition of cruel and unusual punishments. This landmark decision acknowledged the inherent differences between juvenile and adult offenders and the potential for rehabilitation and change in young individuals.
How does the interaction of language, religion, ethnicity, and gender cause conflict on different scales?
Answer:
in addition to traditional psycholinguistic training, children with LI may gain from interventions that support concluding behavioural turns, as in aberrant caused conflicts; and in initiating contact in conflict situations, even when a frame of reference is not immediately available, as was the case when opponents have not established social interaction in the pre-conflict period.
One hundred forty-nine middle class individuals (69 males and 80 females), approximately 80% of whom were Caucasian, participated in a study. The study was designed to test the hypothesis that individuals whose gender role and occupation did not match (i.e., feminine individuals in predominantly male occupations or masculine individuals in predominantly female occupations) would experience more gender role conflict than individuals whose gender role and occupation matched. The hypothesis was supported. A feminine gender role predicted higher gender role conflict in predominantly male occupations, and lower gender role conflict in predominantly female occupations than a masculine gender role. A masculine gender role predicted the lowest gender role conflict scores in predominantly male occupations, and the highest in predominantly female occupations. Furthermore, higher masculinity scores were related to greater gender role conflict for females than males in more predominantly male occupations.
Historically, we can see a similar process at work in the relationship between ancient Judaism and early
Christianity. The early Christians built up an image of pagans and Jews as ‘un-Christian’ in part because
there was quite a bit of contact between the three traditions. John Gager has argued that although
hardliners worked hard to generate and enforce a distinction, Christian and pagan interaction with the
Jewish tradition was not solely negative and that many Christians and pagans engaged creatively with
Judaism (Gager, 1985). Similarly, ideas about heresy developed at least in part out of uncertainty about
what it meant to be an orthodox Christian. When we read the texts of earlier periods it seems obvious
that Christians were always arguing amongst themselves about who was a heretic and who held correct,
orthodox belief. But it might not have been that simple. These conflicts may have flared up precisely
because contact was occurring and movement between groups was seen as a real possibility by those
patrolling community boundaries.
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Nearly ________ percent of all PAC contributions go to the incumbents.
Select one:
a. 10
b. 30
c. 50
d. 70
e. 85
Answer:
85
Explanation:
PAC stands for by political action committees . And almost all the contributions from all PAC go to the incumbents. However. the exact percentage is 85%. Hence, the correct answer is definitely 85%. And the incumbents are no one else but the holders of the office or post.
The name given to postiions of power and authority like chariman and policeman often emphasize the male gender. why does this matter?
Answer:
According to the question's description, any job that prefers a particular gendered person suitable for that position is signified with a particular name .For example any male is considered suitable for a job that is regarded with the chairman, watchman etc.
Names that are specifically given to a job's designation defines about that particular male or female is the best suited to perform the particular work and responsibility as compared with the other gender.
Which of the following statements about cognitive mapping is correct?
The research on cognitive mapping is generally high in ecological validity.
Answer:
The research on cognitive mapping is generally high in ecological validity.
____________grew out of an attempt to explain the inconsistent findings about traits and styles. Situational theories propose that the effectiveness of a particular style of leader behavior depends on the situation. As situations change, different styles become appropriate. This exercise involves examining situational theories of leadership. In this activity, you are asked to match effective leader behaviors with examples of these behaviors.
Answer:
The correct answer is:
Robert House's Path-Goal theory
Explanation:
This theory was proposed by Robert House in 1971 in his paper A Path-Goal Theory of Leader Effectiveness, in which he proposes that the main role of a good leader is to motivate the whole group by different techniques according to the situation. According to House, there are some cases in which it is better to focus on the leader's purposes and sometimes it is better to focus on the groups' purposes. According to this concept, he classified the different situations as:
1 - democratic - motivation of the group due to the crew's goals
2 - autocratic - motivation of the group because of the leader's goals
3 - Laissez-faire - the leader is not interested in making efforts towards the goals, he just let the circumstances to go on.
Twin studies suggest that a strong influence on emotional stability comes from:________
Answer:
The answer is- genetic predisposition
Explanation:
The correct question should be "twin studies suggest that a strong influence on emotional instability comes from____"
Twin studies suggest that a strong influence on emotional instability comes from genetic predisposition.
Twin studies are studies which are conducted on identical or fraternal twins and they aim to reveal the importance of environmental and genetic influences for trait phenotypes and disorders.
Genetic predisposition is an increased likelihood of developing a particular disease or trait based on a person's genetic makeup. It results from specific genetic variations which are often inherited from a parent. It influences possible phenotypic development of an individual organism within a species or population under the influence of environmental conditions.
Therefore a strong influence on emotional instability in twins come from genetic predisposition
Twin studies, particularly the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart, demonstrate that genetics play a significant role in determining emotional stability, as identical twins show similar personality traits regardless of their upbringing.
Explanation:Twin studies suggest that a strong influence on emotional stability comes from genetics. The renowned Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart demonstrated that identical twins have very similar personalities whether they were raised together or separately. This includes traits such as a sense of well-being and resistance to stress, which contribute to an individual's emotional stability. The study highlighted the significant role of heritability in personality traits, indicating that genetics could account for more than 50% of the variation in these characteristics.
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Every year The Sprinters' Club, a group for athletes, declares one of its members as the "most outstanding athlete of the year." The title is based solely on performance, and all members vie for it. The power of the club to bestow this title to one of its members is an example of _____ power.rewardreferentlegitimateexpertcoercive
Answer:
The answer is Reward Power
Explanation:
Reward Power is the power a manager has which is conveyed by giving some type of award to an employee or compliance with one's wishes or achieving company or organisational goals in order to influence the employee to act. It can be done through giving of bonuses, raises, medals, promotion, etc.
It can also be described as a form of power that is based on the perceived ability to give positive consequences or remove negative ones.
In the question, the Sprinters' Club declares one o its members as the "most outstanding athlete of the year" and other members vie for it, this is an example of reward power
According to the theory of plate tectonics, 250 million years ago all of Earth’s landmasses were clustered into one supercontinent, known as Pangea. Based on the past and current movements of Earth’s plates, predict how the location of the continents might shift during the next 250 million years. Do you think they’ll spread out, cluster together, or move in a combination of the two? What types of landforms do you anticipate forming as a result? What effect, if any, do you anticipate this movement will have on life on Earth?
Plate tectonics suggests that continents will continue to shift over the next 250 million years, spreading out, clustering together, or moving in a combination of the two. This movement can lead to the formation of various landforms and have significant effects on life on Earth.
Explanation:According to the theory of plate tectonics, the location of continents will continue to shift over the next 250 million years. The movement of Earth's plates suggests that continents will spread out, cluster together, and move in a combination of the two. This is supported by the past movement of continents and the ongoing process of tectonic activity.
As a result of these movements, various types of landforms can form. Examples include mountain ranges forming when two continental masses collide, and rift valleys forming when tectonic plates spread apart, creating a depression in the Earth's surface.
The movement of continents can have significant effects on life on Earth. It can impact climate patterns, alter ocean currents, and lead to the formation of new habitats or the isolation of existing ones. This can result in the evolution of new species, changes in ecosystems, and the reshaping of Earth's biodiversity over time.
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Liz wants to quit smoking. She consults a therapist, Dr. Jones, who develops a specific treatment plan for her. The treatment involves several components:
(1) modeling and role-playing to help Liz learn how to overcome the urge to smoke in social situations;
(2) sessions in which Liz identified her beliefs and automatic thoughts regarding smoking and learned how to modify those thoughts;
(3) helping Liz change her automatic responses to situational cues that prompted her to smoke.
A. Dr. Jones is probably using __________?
a. systematic desensitization.b. contingency management.c. cognitive-behavioral therapy.d. interpersonal therapy.
Answer:
c. cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Explanation:
Cognitive behavioral therapy also known as CBT is for short-term treatment It is a goal-oriented therapy treatment in psychology that takes a hands on and a practical approach towards problem-solving. Its main objective is to change the thinking pattern or behavior of a person which are behind the people's difficulties.
It improves mental health by focusing on changing cognitive distortions and behaviors.
In the context, Liz, an active smoker decides to quite smoking and approaches a therapist. The therapist uses cognitive behavioral therapy for her treatment and approaches her treatment accordingly by influencing her cognitive thoughts and behaviors.
Thus the correct option is (c).
At one large university, a group of education specialists wanted to test the effectiveness of a newly designed academic improvement course. Students seeking academic help at the university counseling center were asked to participate in this 6-week program. Only students who were judged to have deficiencies in reading comprehension and other study-related skills were chosen for the program. Students whose academic problems were judged to be the result of emotional difficulties of one sort or another were not enrolled in the program but were counseled in a manner more appropriate to their problem. A group of 30 students completed the program at the counseling center. A review of grades and teachers' comments revealed that a large majority of the students were doing better in school after completing the program than before. The difference between pre-program and post-program performance measures was statistically significant. Identify TWO major threats to the internal validity of this study as it has been described. For each threat identified explain why there is another plausible hypothesis for the obtained effect other than that based on the effectiveness of the academic improvement course.
Answer:
One of threats that this study may have is that the gap among students who have deficiencies in reading comprehension are not easily determined or separated from the ones with emotional problems.
Explanation:
Since validity in a research study corresponds to the way in which a conclusion is achieved since a strong basis of knowledge of a certain real fact.
One of threats that this study may have is that the gap among students who have deficiencies in reading comprehension are not easily determined or separated from the ones with emotional problems.
Another threat for the validity of this research project , that also has to do with the first threat, is that the background of the student is not being taken into account for the result of improvement at the end of the study.
In this case it would be necessary to have a deeper understanding of the student's previous improvement, it would be also necessary to have contact with their parents or previous teachers, because for the emotional conclusions of the first sample selection, it is necessary to take into account that most of the times children are afraid to express their feelings and previous experiences.
The two major threats to the internal validity of the study on the academic improvement course are maturation and selection bias. Maturation refers to the natural development and changes that could occur in students over time regardless of the program, questioning whether progress was due to the program or just the students' growth. Selection bias might be present because only students with specific academic deficiencies were chosen, so improvements may not be solely attributable to the program but rather to the population selected.
Regarding maturation, over a six-week period, students could experience natural improvements in academic skills as they progress in their coursework and adapt to educational demands, suggesting another hypothesis for observed advancements. The program's timeframe overlaps with regular academic progress, possibly conflating the program's effects with typical student development. Selection bias occurs when participants are not randomly selected, leading to a group that isn't representative of the entire population. In this case, the students selected for the program all had specific deficiencies in reading comprehension and study skills, which could mean that they were particularly prone to benefit from any targeted intervention. Hence, the significant improvements may not be generalizable, challenging the notion that the improvement course was exclusively responsible for their enhanced academic performance.