in fall and winter the amount of sunlight the plants receive decreases. how does this affect photosynthesis

The frequency of the dominant phenotype in a population of 1,000 individuals with 160 homozygous recessive genotypes is calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg principle to be 84%.

To calculate the frequency of the dominant phenotype in a population, one can utilize the Hardy-Weinberg principle. Given that we have 160 rr homozygous recessive individuals in a population of 1,000, we can determine the frequency of the recessive allele (q). Since rr is homozygous recessive, the frequency of recessive homozygotes (q²) is 160/1000 = 0.16. To find q, we take the square root of q², so q = √0.16 = 0.4.

Using p + q = 1, where p is the frequency of the dominant allele, we can calculate p as 1 - q. Therefore, p = 1 - 0.4 = 0.6. The frequency of the dominant phenotype would be represented by those with AA or Aa genotypes. To find the total frequency of the dominant phenotype, we calculate p² (frequency of AA) and 2pq (frequency of Aa).

The frequency of AA (p²) would be 0.6² = 0.36 and the frequency of Aa (2pq) would be 2 × 0.6 × 0.4 = 0.48. Adding these together gives us the frequency of the dominant phenotype which is 0.36 + 0.48 = 0.84 or 84%. Thus, the frequency of the dominant phenotype in this population is 84%.

Answer:

4. A gains a resource and B is deprived of it.

Answer:

Some energy is lost as heat.

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Final answer:

The equator experiences the least variation in daylight hours throughout the year, with about 12 hours of sunlight each day due to the Sun's consistent overhead path.

Explanation:

The location on Earth that experiences the least change in the number of daylight hours throughout the year is near the equator. Because of the Earth's axial tilt, locations closer to the poles experience more pronounced seasonal changes in day length, with long days in summer and short days in winter. However, near the equator, the length of day and night stays relatively constant with approximately 12 hours of sunlight throughout the year. This is due to the Sun's consistent path in the sky, which does not stray far from being directly overhead at noon every day. The seasons at the equator are typically defined by rainfall rather than the amount of sunlight, leading to the terms wet season and dry season. Therefore, if you prefer a stable amount of daylight year-round, equatorial regions are where you would find this consistency.

Central nervous system involves all nerves, sensors and brain in body. Brain is the major part in the central nervous system from there, the signals are passed to nerves. Thus all of the above are  parts of central nervous system.

Central nervous system is an organ  system includes a group of organs primarily, brain and spinal cord. The portion of the nervous system that is made up mostly of the brain and spinal cord is known as the central nervous system.

The brain coordinates and influences the activity of all sections of the bodies of bilaterally symmetric and triploblastic animals all multicellular organisms aside from sponges and diploblasts and integrates the information that is received, giving the CNS its name.

It is a structure made of nervous tissue that runs the length of the body, from the caudal to the rostral  It may have a brain at the rostral end that is larger than the rest of the structure.

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The left atrium of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs. After pumping through the heart and body, oxygen-depleted blood returns to the heart, then is sent to the lungs to be re-oxygenated, and this new oxygen-rich blood travels back to the heart, entering the left atrium.

The chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs is the left atrium. The process works like this: Blood with high carbon dioxide levels returns to the heart via veins, which enter the right atrium. This blood is then passed to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen. This newly oxygenated blood then travels back to the heart, specifically entering the left atrium. From the left atrium, the blood is then transferred to the left ventricle, which pumps the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.

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Final answer:

Carbon is a fundamental element involved in both biotic and abiotic cycles within ecosystems. It transitions between living organisms and nonliving environmental factors through the carbon cycle. Human activities can impact these cycles by changing the balance of elements like carbon and nitrogen.

Explanation:

An element like carbon is included in both the biotic and abiotic factors of an ecosystem because of its ability to form a vast array of compounds and its role in the carbon cycle. The biotic cycle involves carbon moving between living organisms and the atmosphere through processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. In contrast, the abiotic cycle includes carbon's movement through the atmosphere, ground, and oceans, largely influenced by nonliving processes such as erosion, dissolution in water, and volcanic activity.

For example, carbon dioxide (CO2), which is an abiotic factor, is absorbed by plants (a biotic factor) during photosynthesis to produce glucose, a process that also releases oxygen into the atmosphere. Animals (biotic factors) then consume plants and other animals, incorporating carbon into their bodies. When these organisms die, decomposers break down their bodies, releasing carbon back into the abiotic environment as CO2 through respiration, completing the biogeochemical cycle of carbon.

Moreover, human activities, like the burning of fossil fuels or the use of fertilizers, can alter the balance of carbon and nitrogen in ecosystems, further demonstrating the interconnectedness of biotic and abiotic factors.

Passive transport in biology is the process where substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the need for energy input. It occurs naturally, examples being simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.

In the field of Biology, passive transport is a process where substances move across a cell's membrane without the need for energy input. These substances move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, a process known as moving down the concentration gradient.

Examples include simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis. For instance, when you drop a tea bag in a cup of hot water, the tea immediately begins to disperse uniformly within the water, that's an example of diffusion in passive transport.

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Unlike rivers that produce V-shaped valleys by cutting into their beds glaciers carve (erode) deeper wider U-shaped valley or glacial troughs. Be able to name and describe features of glacial deposition (mainly associated with continental glaciers) and be able to identify them on a map or figure

Answer:

Unlike rivers that produce V-shaped valleys by cutting into their beds glaciers carve (erode) deeper wider U-shaped valley or glacial troughs. Be able to name and describe features of glacial deposition (mainly associated with continental glaciers) and be able to identify them on a map or figure

Explanation:

The two situations in which a cell would need to use active transport instead of diffusion are :

Active transport may be defined as the migration of a chemical substance by the expense of energy against a gradient in concentration or in electrical potential across a plasma membrane.

The process of transportation happens in plants, while calcium movement takes place in both plants as well as animal cells for the proper functioning of the whole body.

Therefore, above are two situations in which a cell would need to use active transport instead of diffusion.

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Active transport is used by cells when substances need to move against their concentration gradients. Examples include the functioning of the sodium-potassium pump and the uptake of glucose in the intestines.

Two situations in which a cell might use active transport instead of passive methods like diffusion could be when a substance needs to move against its concentration gradient and when the cellular energy in the form of ATP is available to facilitate this process.

For instance, cells utilize active transport during the functioning of the sodium-potassium pump. Sodium ions are pumped out of the cell and potassium ions are moved into the cell, working against their concentration gradients. This process, critical for nerve cell functioning, requires energy, and therefore ATP is consumed.

Another example is during the uptake of glucose in the intestines. Here, glucose is moved against its concentration gradient into the intestinal cells before being released into the bloodstream. This is a form of active transport called cotransport, where sodium ions and glucose are simultaneously transported across the cell membrane. In both instances, active transport is required because the substances are being moved against their concentration gradients, a process that requires energy in the form of ATP.

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The tendency to dissolve in water and to conduct electricity is an illustration of physical property.  

• Any salt or ionizable molecule is known as an electrolyte when dissolved in solution will provide that solution the tendency to conduct electricity. This demonstrates the physical property of the solution.  

• This takes place as when salt dissolves, its dissociated ions can freely move in solution and permit the charge to flow.  

• The formation of electrolyte solutions normally takes place when a salt is placed into a solvent like water. For example, when NaCl is placed in water, it gets dissolved into its component ions.  

Thus, electrolytes get dissolve in water and provide it with the tendency to conduct electricity. It is an example of a physical property.

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Answer:

Sperm

Explanation:

Sperm are the male gametes produced in the testicles. The main parts of the sperm are the head, the neck and the flagella.

The structure responsible for sperm motility is the flagella. It develops from the centriole and has the function of giving impetus for the sperm to reach the female reproductive system.

Answer:

Correct. Substituting the values r = 6 and h = 13 in the formula V = r2h, you get

V =  × 62 × 13 = 468π cubic units.

Explanation: