Summarize why it is important for chemists to study changes in the world at a submicroscopic level
Identify some examples of ways in which the supreme court has “relaxed” the exclusionary rule in recent years
Final answer:
The Supreme Court has relaxed the exclusionary rule through exceptions like the good faith exception and the inevitable discovery doctrine, allowing evidence obtained from an initially illegal search to be admitted in court under specific circumstances.
Explanation:
In recent years, the Supreme Court has "relaxed" the exclusionary rule in certain cases. Initially established in Weeks v. United States and prominently applied in Mapp v. Ohio, this rule mandates that evidence obtained through illegal searches and seizures cannot be used in court. However, there have been instances where the Court allowed for exceptions.
One major exception is the good faith exception, upheld in United States v. Leon, which allows evidence to be used if the police were acting on a warrant they believed to be valid, even if it was later found defective. Another key exception is the inevitable discovery doctrine, as in Nix v. Williams, where evidence that would have been eventually found legally is permitted in court despite an initial illegal search. These relaxations aim at balancing the rights of individuals against the practicalities of law enforcement.
Miranda v. Arizona and Gideon v. Wainwright are additional landmark cases that have shaped criminal law and rights related to searches and seizures. And in the digital age, the Court's decisions in United States v. Jones and Carpenter v. United States extended Fourth Amendment protections to include warrantless tracking of an individual's location through technological means, such as GPS devices or cell phone records.
What do the writings of ibn battuta show us about cross-cultural interactions and how culture/religion/etc become transformed as they go new places?
The writings of Ibn Battuta display a detailed account of cross-cultural interactions during the 14th century, where he observed and recorded major cultural and religious transformations in the regions he traveled to. Through his writings, we can observe how trade, religion and migration led to the assimilation and transformation of Islam and Arabian cultures in regions spanning from West Africa, India to Indonesia.
Explanation:The writings of Ibn Battuta, a fourteenth-century Moroccan scholar, provide a profound insight into the cross-cultural interactions that were transpiring during his era. Throughout his travels that spanned much of the Muslim world, he observed and detailed cultural and religious transformations taking place as they spread and integrated into new regions.
Through his written memoirs, we are privy to the impacts of trade, religion, and migration, and how they influenced the cultural complexity within regions such as sub-Saharan Africa, India, and Indonesia. Pioneering Islamic institutions established in these territories served to provide a level of familiarity for local people and for visiting traders and travelers.
Ibn Battuta's memoirs also provide detailed accounts of the level of cultural conversion within the Islamic world, where the religion of Islam was slowly assimilated into diverse cultures, from Spain and Portugal in the west to India in the east.
Cross-cultural interactions were also witnessed in the Sahel region of Africa, where pressure from the forces of Islam started transforming the local Christian communities and groups of settled and nomadic pagans.
In summary, Battuta's writings offer us an incredible historical window into the complex tapestry of cross-cultural intermingling and transformation that was occurring during the fourteenth century, shaping regions into the diverse landscapes of culture and religion as we know them today.
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Nina is learning about clouds in her science class so she puts the phrase "types of clouds" in a search engine. in which step of a crawler-based search engine is this phrase most important?
In a crawler-based search engine, the phrase 'types of clouds' is most important in the query processing step where it is analyzed to locate and retrieve relevant web pages. It's also critical in the indexing step where the search engine creates a map of all the words it finds including 'types of clouds'.
Explanation:In a crawler-based search engine, the phrase 'types of clouds' used by Nina is most important in the query processing step. This is the stage in which the search engine interprets and analyzes the search terms that are input by the user. The search engine will use the entered phrase to locate and retrieve the most relevant web pages. In this case, it'll seek pages that contain relevant information about different types of clouds. The results will then be ranked based on relevancy and displayed to the user.
The phrase is also critical in the indexing step where the search engine creates a map of sorts for all the words it finds on the internet. In this step, the search engine goes through text on a webpage (like a page on cloud types) and adds it to the index. Hence, during the query process, this information can be easily retrieved.
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Ben is one of the hardest working people in his office. he has climbed the corporate ladder in a surprisingly short time. however, he always seems to find someone in the company who is doing a little bit better than he is and sets his mind to surpassing this person. according to adler, ben is probably a
Raphael was outside the parking garage when, out of nowhere, he suddenly felt overwhelming fear. raphael noticed that his fear increased, he started to feel out of control, and the intensity of the feelings seemed to reach a peak and then pass within a few minutes. this is an example of a:
Raphael is experiencing a panic attack in which happens onset due to the intense of fear and will likely reaches its pick within minutes in which will explain his symptoms of having to feel an overwhelming fear, increased of fear and the reach of peak within few minutes.
Evidence from studies of biological differences in sexual orientation is most likely to lead to what conclusion?
Starting a job, entering college, and beginning a serious relationship are all asso-ciated with increases in ________.
a. neuroticism
b. conscientiousness
c. openness to experience
d. extraversion
In psychology, there are five factors that determine different personality traits. If a person started a job, entered college, and began a serious relationship, he is associated with increases in --C. openness to experience. Openness means appreciation for a variety of experiences.
Final answer:
Increases in conscientiousness are associated with starting a new job, entering college, or beginning a serious relationship, as individuals take on new responsibilities and integrate into new environments.
Explanation:
Starting a job, entering college, and beginning a serious relationship are all associated with increases in conscientiousness(option b). Conscientiousness refers to the degree to which a person is organized, systematic, punctual, achievement-oriented, and dependable.
When individuals enter a new phase of life, such as starting a new job or college, they generally display an increase in conscientiousness as they strive to meet new responsibilities and integrate into new environments. This trait has been found to be a predictor of successful performance in a variety of occupations, higher levels of motivation to perform, lower levels of turnover and absenteeism, and higher levels of safety performance at work.
What was the relationship between wealth and social position in each classical civilization?
Final answer:
In classical civilizations, wealth accumulation often led to increased power and class division, with a strict hierarchy separating different social strata. Social mobility was limited, and the rich could amass wealth over generations, maintaining their status and power, while the poor endured high taxes and little chance for upward movement.
Explanation:
The relationship between wealth and social position in classical civilizations was tightly intertwined. In these societies, the accumulation of wealth often led to the acquisition of political and religious power. Social stratification, a key characteristic of these early civilizations, means that individuals were categorized into different classes based on their wealth and status. Those with more resources formed a class of nobility, and the division between social classes became more pronounced as societies evolved.
In the Roman Empire, social mobility was very limited, with the wealthy elite often increasing their riches at the expense of lower classes. The elite landowners could amass wealth significantly over generations while keeping taxes on their own property low. In contrast, the poorer segments of society saw little change in their class status throughout their lives, regardless of personal competencies, and suffered from high tax burdens due to the exploitation of provinces.
Social inequality was evident in various aspects of life, including income, education, and occupation. The net worth of an individual was a crucial determinant of their socioeconomic status. Additionally, this stratification resulted in different lifestyles and opportunities for the various social classes, with the nobility enjoying privileges and resources that were unattainable for the lower classes.
Arrange the types of economies from least government involvement to greatest government involvement.
Tiles
communist economy
market economy
socialist economy
mixed economy
Answer:
1. Market economy.
2. Mixed economy.
3. Socialist economy.
4. Communist economy.
The _____ is holmes and rahe's measure of stress, which ranks forty-three life events from most to least stressful and assigns a point value to each. general adaptation syndrome approach-approach theory of stress (ats) biopsychosocial model social readjustment rating scale (srrs)
Why did European nations send missionaries to convert people in Africa and Asia to Christianity? Check all that apply.
1) Europeans believed cultural exchange would improve international relations. 2) Africans and Asians were continually at war over religious differences. 3) Europeans believed Christianity would make people more civilized.
4) Europeans wanted to expand their power around the world.
5) Africa and Asia wanted to become part of the European empire.
Answer:
3) Europeans believed Christianity would make people more civilized.
4) Europeans wanted to expand their power around the world.
Explanation:
The idea to spread Christianity was on the core of the Iberian empires (Portugal and Spain). However, it was more than just a mere religious conversion. Europeans believed that they were promoting social development in those populations, considered by them as barbarians. The disrespect for the traditional beliefs of the people found by the Europeans between the 16th and 17th centuries resulted in several cultural loss but promoted the Christian spread.
Lex has a harder time remembering that tomatoes are a fruit than he does apples. this is because apples more closely resemble his _____ of fruit.
Lex finds it challenging to remember that tomatoes are fruits because they do not fit his prototype or mental image of what a fruit is, which likely resembles sweet fruits such as apples or oranges. Because of their savory flavor, tomatoes are more commonly associated with vegetables, thereby causing a discrepancy with Lex's fruit prototype.
Explanation:Lex has a harder time remembering that tomatoes are a fruit than he does apples because apples more closely resemble his prototype of fruit. A prototype is a mental image or a best example of a particular category. Forming a prototype of something involves abstracting the common features from various examples. When it comes to fruits, most people might think immediately of apples, oranges or bananas.
These are examples of fruits that are sweet, unlike tomatoes which are savory and are also used in many dishes as a vegetable. This causes a disconnect between Lex's prototype of fruits and the classification of tomatoes. Therefore, the prototype concept makes it harder for Lex to remember tomatoes as fruit.
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How were medieval knights and Japanese samurai warriors similar?
When 10-year-old children repeatedly practice the precise motor skills involved in texting, the cortical areas directly controlling these motor skills are likely to develop more complex?
An action which a child does involving any muscles is called motor skill. This can be Gross motor skills like jumping or running etc. where large movements are made by the baby while fine motor skills refer to relatively smaller actions.
Cynthia tells darryl that she will deliver his boxes of paradise cookies as he directs. a declaration that one will do something in the future is part of the definition of
When men and women view erotic pictures, the __________ are more strongly activated in men than women?
When a person of lower status "breaks the rules of everyday interaction that are of value to the powerful"?
Parts of the ____ are important for learning about rewards and punishments
Final answer:
Parts of the brain are essential for learning about rewards and punishments. The human orbitofrontal cortex and the dopamine system, specifically the mesocorticolimbic pathway, are critical brain regions for learning about rewards and punishments. Operant conditioning experiments, like those with Skinner boxes, illustrate how behavior is reinforced by rewards. The amygdala is also part of the brain's reward and punishment processing system.
Explanation:
Structures like the Human Orbitofrontal Cortex, which is involved in the representation of reward and punishment, play a key role in these learning processes. Moreover, the dopamine system, particularly the mesocorticolimbic pathway projecting from the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) to the Nucleus Accumbens (NAC) and parts of the prefrontal cortex, is crucial for reward-associated learning.
Understanding how rewards function involves various behavior reinforcement mechanisms such as those demonstrated by operant conditioning. For instance, in operant conditioning chambers or Skinner boxes, animals learn to associate lever presses with food rewards, demonstrating the connection between behavior and reinforcement. This aspect of behavioral psychology underscores the significant role that certain brain regions have in reward-motivated behaviors.
Primary and secondary reinforcers, whether they be food, money, or social praise, are all part of the complex system of rewards that facilitate learning through conditioning. The involvement of the amygdala, alongside the orbitofrontal cortex, also contributes to the nuanced understanding of how rewards and punishments are processed in the brain.
One's private perceptions of reality, which are perceived and interpreted not always as they really exist, is referred to as one's
a. ego ideal.
b. human nature.
c. self-actualization.
d. subjective experience.
Typing an informal letter is acceptable, but a typed letter is considered more formal than a handwritten one.
a. True
b. False
The answer to the student's question is true; typed letters are considered more formal than handwritten ones and are expected to follow specific formats and language, especially in professional contexts.
The student asked if it's true that typing an informal letter is acceptable but a typed letter is considered more formal than a handwritten one. The answer is true. In professional settings, typed letters are often seen as more formal than handwritten correspondence. They usually adhere to specific formats and language expectations, and are often printed on organizational letterhead paper. Whether the communication is written to a colleague, superior, or a potential employer, the degree of formality varies, with more formality generally expected in communications to those higher in position or external to the organization.
When considering communication in professional contexts, it's important to use an appropriate level of formality. This includes the avoidance of slang, contractions, and conversational expressions in formal correspondence. The audience also dictates the formality with emails being versatile, ranging from informal when written to friends and family, to more formal when engaging with co-workers or potential employers. Similarly, memos are generally more formal when compared to emails, as they are often used within organizational communication.
When an infant speaks his or her first word this is an example of a?
When an infant speaks his or her first word this is an example of a Stage in development.
What is infant speaks means?Babbling is sometimes referred to as "baby speak" or "jargon" since it is incomprehensible to those with advanced linguistic abilities r when it starts to take on speech intonations. There's a sense that a number of letters were dumped into a box, mingled together, and then thrown away once more.
Some healthy babies don't speak their first word until they are 18 months old, while other babies start using word-sounds as a form of communication.
A developmental stage is a period of time when a certain set of needs, behaviors, experiences, and abilities occur. Human development is the lifelong process of growth and change in one's physical, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional characteristics.
Thus, it is Stage in development.
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The indian claims commission was a significant development because it ________.
The Indian Claims Commission was significant because it was a special court that handled a high volume of lawsuits filed by Native American tribes concerning mismanagement of their resources. It marked a shift in federal policy towards Native Americans, promoting self-government and preservation of Native culture, culminating in the Indian New Deal.
Explanation:The Indian Claims Commission was significant because it served as a special court established by the federal government in the 1940s for the purpose of dealing with a great volume of lawsuits filed by Native American tribes. The tribes filed claims concerning mismanagement of their lands and the funds they earned, for example, the Klamath tribe's lawsuits concerning logging operations. Over its lifetime, the Commission dealt with hundreds of cases, extended its originally planned 10-year existence into the 1970s, and ultimately cleared 546 dockets, bestowing 342 awards totaling over $818 million.
Beyond this, the Commission was also a part of a larger federal shift in policy towards Native Americans during this era. Previously assimilationist policies, such as the Dawes Act, were abandoned in favor of promoting Native American self-government and preservation of Native culture and artifacts—a notable move towards correcting past injustices. This paradigm shift in dealing with Native American affairs culminated in the signing of the Indian Reorganization Act in the 1930s, also referred to as the Indian New Deal.
To this day, the work of the Indian Claims Commission is seen as a significant step in improving relations with Native Americans and preserving their heritage.
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A group of senators or representatives who share certain opinions, interests, or social characteristics is called a(n)
Habib has been telling sarah that he has been worrying about their communication. throughout this process, sarah asks him questions so she can clearly understand what he's saying. sarah is demonstrating
The __________ perspective looks at the family as a whole; where change in one part sets in motion a process to restore equilibrium.
According to how the other half lives, what did waste water in sinks do?
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
According to "How the Other Half Lives," wastewater in sinks filled the building with a terrible smell.
In a time when nobody paid attention to the terrible conditions in which immigrants and poor people lived in large cities, photographer Jacob Riis (1849-1914) documented the life of these people in his book "How the Other Half Lives," taking many photographs of crowded living spaces in New York City. The result of his work was that it generated a kind of consciousness on this terrible issue focused on social reformations.
The incarnation teaches that god became man through jesus christ. what did catholics defend by citing the incarnation? creating and revering religious images engaging in "secular" vocations selling indulgences for salvation nextreset
Answer:
Creating and revering religious images
Explanation:
The incarnation for Christians is the moment when God incarnates in Jesus Christ through the Holy Spirit and takes on human nature, stripping himself of his divinity with the objective of reconciling humanity that was lost by sin. According to Christians, Jesus Christ has two wills, two intelligences and two natures. It is called incarnation to the fact that the son of God assumed a human nature to save all people. What is defended when citing the incarnation is the creation and veneration of religious images to continue maintaining this belief.
_____ of damages is a _____ party's legal duty to avoid or reduce damages caused by a breach of contract
What mechanism of development underlies the main differences between a novice driver and an experienced driver?
The mechanism development that underlies the main difference between the two which are the novice driver and an experience drive is automatization. Automatization is a way of showing or producing an action in which the reflexive is in higher form.