In a perfect gas all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly elastic and there are no intermolecular attractive forces. Many common gases behave as a perfect or ideal gas at room temperature and pressure. The ideal gas law relates the pressure, volume, and temperature of a known amount of gas. Which equation represents the pressure-volume-temperature-mole relationship of an ideal gas?

A)
(P1/T1)=(P2/T2)


B)
(P1V1/T1)=(P2V2/T2)


C)
P1V1=P2V2


D)
PV=nRT

Answer:

Explanation:

Ionic bonds are formed by the electrostatic attraction between a positive ion (named cation) and a negative ion (named anion).

A cation is formed when an atom donates one or more electrons from its valence shell, while an anion is formed when an atom accepts one or more electrons.

The most classical example of a ionic bond is that of sodium chloride: sodium (Na) is a metal with one valence electron, and chlorine (Cl) is a nonmetal with 7 valence electrons. Then, sodium releases its valence electron (forming the cation Na⁺), which is accepted by chlorine (forming the anion chloride, Cl⁻). These two ions with opposite charge are bonded by the attractive electrostatic force.

Covalent bonds are the result of sharing valence  electrons. In this case, the atoms do not exchange (donate/accept) electrons but share them; meaning that the shared electrons belong to the outermost energy level of the two atoms, now bonded by the covalent bond.

Furthermore, the covalent bond may be polar or non-polar. A polar covalent bond is formed when the two atoms have different electronegativities, because in such case one atom pulls the electrons harder than the other, resulting in an uneven distribution of the charge, i.e. forming a dipole.

Answer:

4) transferred from the valence shell of one atom to the valence shell of another atom

Explanation:

Electrons are located outside of the nucleus which contains the protons and the neutrons.

For bonds to form, valence electrons located in the outermost shell electrons are involved. These are the valence electrons. These outer shell electrons can be shared or transferred between two combining atoms to form stable atoms.

In ionic bonds, the electrons are transferred from one specie to another. The atom that loses the electrons becomes positively charged and the receiving atom becomes negatively charged. This is the crux of ionic bonds.

Answer:

Explanation:

Because the alkali metal is really willing to give up its electron much more so than Hydrogen.

The redox reaction looks like this

K ===> K+   +    1 e-    The reduction vo is very high which means that the K really does want to give up that electron.

2H+  +2e- ====> H2  The oxidation vo is almost 0 but the Hydrogen is the perfect recipient for the 2 electrons.

Answer:

0.

Explanation:

[H⁺] = 1.0 M.

∵ pH = - log[H⁺]  

∴ pH = - log(1.0 M) = 0.

Final answer:

The pH of a 1.0 molar solution of HCl is 0.

Explanation:

The pH of a 1.0 molar solution of HCl can be calculated using the formula pH = -log[H3O+]. Since HCl is a strong acid, it completely ionizes in water to form H3O+ ions. Therefore, the hydrogen ion concentration is equal to the molar concentration of HCl.

Thus, the pH of a 1.0 molar solution of HCl would be -log(1.0) = 0.

Therefore, the pH of the solution is 0.

Magnesium has a full outer shell because it says +2 for Mg, which means it loses 2 electrons. It leaves Mg with an outer shell of 8 electrons, which is a full valence shell.

Mg+2 among the following has the full outer shell , therefore option (d) is correct.

A full outer shell is known as the noble gas configuration where the outer shell of an atom is energetically stable and contains 8 outer electrons .

It belongs to a group called the noble gases. When the outer shell has the maximum number of electrons, the electron shells. are said to be full.

The inner shells of an atom are always full. If the outer shell of an atom has less than , its maximum number of electrons then it will not be stable.

Elements with complete outer shell are Helium , Neon, Argon, Krypton , Xenon , Radon .

Mg+2 among the following has the full outer shell ,hence option (d) is correct .

Learn more about outer shell, here:

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Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{2700 J}}[/tex]

Explanation:

HCl + NaOH ⟶ NaCl + H₂O

There are two energy flows in this reaction.  

Heat of reaction + heat to warm water = 0  

           q₁             +              q₂                 = 0  

           q₁             +          mCΔT              = 0  

Data:

    m(HCl) = 50 g

m(NaOH) = 50 g

           T₁ = 22       °C

          T₂ = 28.87 °C

           C = 4.18 J·°C⁻¹g⁻¹

Calculations:

 m = 50 + 50 = 100 g

ΔT = 28.87 – 22 = 6.9 °C

 q₂ = 100 × 4.18 × 6.9 = 2900 J

q₁ + 2900 = 0

q₁ = -2900 J

The negative sign tells us that the reaction produced heat.

The reaction produced [tex]\boxed{\textbf{2900 J}}[/tex].

The reaction between HCl and NaOH in the situation described produced 2.87 kJ of heat.

The question is asking how much heat is produced by the reaction between 1.00 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 1.00 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in a coffee cup calorimeter when the initial temperature is 22ºC and the final temperature is 28.87ºC. The heat released in a chemical reaction can be calculated from the formula q = mcΔT, where q is heat, m is mass, c is specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature. In this case, the mass of the solution is 100g (50g HCl + 50g NaOH), the specific heat of the solution is given as 4.18 J/gºC, and the change in temperature is 28.87ºC - 22ºC = 6.87ºC.

Applying the numbers in the formula we get:

q = 100g * 4.18 J/gºC * 6.87ºC = 2872.6 J

Since the question requires the answer in kJ, we divide the result by 1000: Q = 2.87 kJ. The reaction between HCl and NaOH in the calorimeter produced 2.87 kJ of heat.

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