Answer: Matrix Organization
Explanation:
Completing question with right answer:
In a matrix organization, specialists in different parts of an organization come together on temporary basis to perform a project.
For example in a matrix organization, engineering specialists and marketing specialists can team up to achieve higher sales for the organization, for which they would report to a common project leader.
Matrix organizations encourages employees to be able to diversify in their duties.
Sandra is in the 28% tax bracket and purchased a corporate bond at par with a 12% coupon rate. What is the equivalent yield for a municipal bond?
The equivalent yield for a municipal bond for Sandra, who is in the 28% tax bracket and owns a corporate bond with a 12% coupon rate, is 8.64%. This is calculated by finding her after-tax yield on the corporate bond and using it as the equivalent since municipal bonds are federally tax-free.
To determine the equivalent yield for a municipal bond for Sandra, who is in the 28% tax bracket and has purchased a corporate bond with a 12% coupon rate, we follow certain steps. Since municipal bond interest is federally tax-free, we need to adjust the corporate bond's taxable yield to compare it equivalently.
First, calculate Sandra's after-tax yield on her corporate bond by subtracting the tax's impact: 12% x (1 - 0.28) = 8.64%. Now, this is what she would effectively earn, after taxes, from her corporate bond.
To find the equivalent municipal bond yield, we use the after-tax yield of the corporate bond. As municipal bond interest is tax-free, the equivalent yield is the same as the corporate bond's after-tax yield. Therefore, for Sandra, a municipal bond would need to offer a 8.64% yield to be considered equivalent to her 12% corporate bond, considering her 28% tax bracket.
APS is the amount of _____________ divided by the amount of income at a specific point..
Answer: savings
Explanation: Average propensity to save, or APS, is a formula used to determine the amount of income that is saved instead of using it on goods and services. It is calculated by taking savings and dividing that by a household's disposable income. Another ratio exists, known as average propensity to consume, or APC, and this shows the amount of income that is consumed on goods and services. It is calculated by taking consumption expenses and dividing it by a household's disposable income. Because a person can only either spend income or not spend it (i.e. save it) and these formulas are ratios, they will collectively always add up to 1.
Marketing practices targeted at elderly individuals for goods, such as supplemental health insurance, and funerals, are subject to criticism because:
Answer:
The population is vulnerable.
Explanation:
the reason is that elderly people are majority suffering from health issues and targeting them for marketing may cause them being attacked emotionally. so these marketing practices are subject to criticism.
Criticism of marketing practices to the elderly, particularly for health insurance and funerals, revolves around generational equity concerns and the high allocation of public funds that may impede younger generations' future retirement security.
Marketing practices targeted at elderly individuals for goods, such as supplemental health insurance, and funerals, are often criticized due to concerns about generational equity and the financial imposition on younger generations. Critics argue that substantial public funds are allocated to support programs for the elderly, potentially at the cost of future generations' retirement security. This critique began during the 1980s and extends to debate about the role of government in ensuring against market failures in private insurance markets, the capacity of individuals to make sound financial decisions for their old age, and the high costs associated with healthcare for older Americans, who despite Medicare, still face significant medical expenses.
Which of the following approaches emphasizes the need to follow legal rules regardless of unfavorable consequences?a. Virtue ethicsb. Utilitarianismc. Principle-basedd. Egoism
Answer:
c. Principle-based
Explanation:
Principle based Ethics. The term 'principle' is simply a basic truth or suggestion that is the basis for a belief or behavioral system or a chain of thought. Ethics generally refers to the behavior of a person who is considered good or appropriate in terms of the group - that is, the law and generally imposes penalties on the group against the person who violates the ethical norm. This is a little different from morals that are more or less the same but have a more general right and wrong idea than about law or practice. The ethical principle is the basic idea or idea that corrects the ethical norm. It is usually the principle upon which a law or a number of laws are based.
The virtue ethics is the actuality of the study of morality, which begins from the fact that virtues derive from morality and consequence - morality and consequence - unlike the individual's internal characteristics, virtues and deontology. This depends on the result of the action. The difference between these three moral approaches lies in the way in which moral dilemmas are dealt with rather than conclusions. The ethics of virtue is a theory that goes back to Plato and more precisely to Aristotle, according to which the action is ethically correct, if appropriate for a virtuous person. For example, if you have to help those who need it for utilitarianism, because it increases general welfare and you have to do it for deontology because it is our duty, for the morality of virtues, you have to help those in need because it will be benevolent and helpful. . The morality of virtues seeks to explain the nature of a moral agent as the driving force of ethical behavior, rather than rule (deontology) or consequentialism, to derive right or wrong from the outcome of the action itself.
Utilitarianism is an aspect in ethics (ethical theory), in which a behavior or behavior is determined by the usefulness of its moral value. The usefulness of an act means inseparable pleasure or happiness received by all parties affected during the action. Utilitarianism refers to a set of ethical theories as a result because it judges an action with its consequences, not on its own. Utilitarianism is based on the teachings of hedonism or eudaimonism - value (axiological), in which the highest value is pleasure or happiness. Strict definitions of pleasure and happiness are currently a problem.
Egoism is a life-style and moral quality that characterizes a person's attitude to society and other people. The selfish person is based solely on his own interests and does not take into account the interests of society and those around him. Selfishness is one of the manifestations of individualism. Egoism is more specific for special property relationships. As a moral quality, egoism has been generally regarded as negative in the history of human morality, but has played a role in justifying everyone's right to happiness during the struggle. With the establishment of capitalist relations, theories that promote egoism have become increasingly anti-social (Stirner) and then have a relatively narrow meaning (Nietzsche).
What is a good way to discover trends in the big cities to bring to your hometown?A) Ask people who have been there.B) Read library books on big cities.C) Watch TV.D) Read newspapers from those cities online.
Answer:
A. C. and D.
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that the best ways to discover trends in big cities would be to ask people who have been there, watch TV, or even read newspapers from those cities online. All of these are great options due to the fact that they provide an up-to-date insight on the various different trends and lifestyle choices of individuals in different big cities around the Country.
Answer:
D) Read newspapers from those cities online.
Explanation:
On March 1, 2018, Mandy Services issued a 5% long term notes payable for $18,000. It is payable over a 3 year term in $6,000 principal installments on March 1 of each year, beginning March 1, 2019. Each yearly installment will include both principal repayment of $6,000 and interest payment for the preceding one year period. What is the amount of total cash payment that Mandy will make on March 1, 2019?A. 6450B. 18000C. 6000D. 6900
Answer:
D) $6,900
Explanation:
The first annual payment includes a $6,000 principal repayment + $900 interest (= $18,000 x 5%). Therefore the total amount of the cash payment will be $6,000 + $900 = $6,900.
The journal entry would be as follows:
March 1, 2019, first annual payment
Dr Interest Expense account 900Dr Notes Payable Account 6,000Cr Cash account 6,900Which of the following will shift the aggregate demand curve to the left?
You may select more than one answer. Click the box with a check mark for correct answers and click to empty the box for the wrong answers.
A. Interest rates rise.
B. The government reduces personal income taxes.
C. There is an economic boom overseas that raises the incomes of foreign households.
D. The government raises corporate profit taxes.
Answer:
A. Interest rates rise.
C. There is an economic boom overseas that raises the incomes of foreign households.
Explanation:
Option A - It is correct because if the interest rate increases, consumer spending will decline. Therefore, the aggregate demand curve will shift to the left.
Option B - If the government reduces the personal income tax, the consumers will spend more, it will lead the aggregate demand to the right. So, it is wrong.
Option C - Foreign households' income will lead to more savings. Therefore, spending will decline. So, it is the correct statement.
Option D - It is incorrect because corporate profit tax will not consider in the aggregate demand.
Factors that shift the aggregate demand curve to the left include rising interest rates and increasing corporate profit taxes.
Explanation:To shift the aggregate demand curve to the left, certain factors need to occur. One of these factors is a rise in interest rates as mentioned in option A. When interest rates increase, it becomes more expensive for individuals and businesses to borrow money, which reduces their spending and investment. This decrease in spending results in a leftward shift of the aggregate demand curve.
Another factor is the government raising corporate profit taxes, as mentioned in option D. When corporate profit taxes are increased, businesses have less money to invest and may cut back on their spending. This reduction in spending also leads to a leftward shift of the aggregate demand curve.
Consumer behavior is the study of individuals, groups, or organizations and the processes they use to select, secure, use, and dispose of products, services, experience, or ideas to satisfy needs and the impacts that these processes have on the consumer and society.
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Consumer behavior is the study of the factors that influence customer's actions in the market place. Consumer's behavior seeks to understand why customers select, purchase, dispose, or consume a particular good or service to satisfy their needs and wants. It analyses the consumer processes in decision making.
Consumer behavior applies concepts from other disciplines such as psychology, economics, biology, and chemistry. Marketers use consumer behavior to understand the buying patterns of customers. The information helps businesses to identify gaps in the market and develops products to fill those gaps.
People with _______ incomes tend to spend all of their funds and are, therefore, subject to the "regressive" nature of a sales tax..
Answer:
low
Explanation:
Because sales tax is consistently applied to purchases irrespective of income level of consumer, it turns out that low income earners are more affected by the tax and hence spend a high percentage or all of their income paying the tax which has become regressive.
Cheers
A corporate loan applicant has cash of $40, receivables of $50, and inventory of $20. The applicant also has current debts of $65. If the bank's policy requires a current ratio of 1.75 or better and an acid test ratio of 1.25 or better would the applicant receive the loan?
A. Yes, because the applicant's current ratio and acid test ratios are acceptable.
B. No, because the applicant's current ratio and acid test ratios are both unacceptable.
C. No, because although the applicant's current ratio is acceptable, its acid test ratio is not.
D. No, because although the applicant's acid test ratio is acceptable, its current ratio is not.
Answer:
B. No, because the applicant's current ratio and acid test ratios are both unacceptable.
Explanation:
The formulas for the ratio are as follows,
Current ratio = Current assets / Current Liabilities
Acid Test = Current assets - Inventory / Current Liabilities
For the applicant, we have the following ratio
Current Ratio = (40 + 50 + 20) / 65 = 1.69
Acid Test = (40+50-20)/65 = 1.077
As per the banks requirements, the applicant does not qualify for the loan due to both ratios being unacceptable.
Hope that helps.
According to the assumptions of the quantity theory of money, "if the money supply decreases by 7 percent, then"
a. nominal and real GDP would fall by 7 percent.
b. nominal GDP would fall by 7 percent; real GDP would be unchanged.
c. nominal GDP would be unchanged; real GDP would fall by 7 percent.
d. neither nominal GDP nor real GDP would change.
If the money supply decreases by 7 percent, then nominal GDP would fall by 7 percent; real GDP would be unchanged.
Option B
Explanation:
The quantity theory of money informs in monetary economics that perhaps the real price level of products and services is proportional to the sum of demand or capital in circulation.
Throughout the 16th century, the idea of a principle of the quantity of money (QTM) began. The resulting increase in inflation occurred when gold and silver streams from America to Europe have been pumped into coins.
In the case of a 7 percent drop in the cash surplus, the nominal GDP is set to fall by 7 percent, according to the principle of money volume; real GDP is unaffected.
In an administered vertical marketing system,
a. no individual participant has control over the others since a third-party administrator oversees the entire supply chain.
b. independent firms at different levels of the marketing channel join through contracts to obtain economies of scale and coordination to reduce conflict.
c. there is no common ownership, and the dominant member has significant power to impose its ideas and objectives.
d. independent firms join together formally to decide as a group how the marketing channel will operate.
e. participants—such as warehouses, transportation companies, and retail outlets—are typically owned by a parent company to ensure harmonious relations throughout the supply chain.
Answer:
C) there is no common ownership, and the dominant member has significant power to impose its ideas and objectives.
Explanation:
An administered vertical marketing system is a coordinated distribution channel where the downstream of products or services is controlled by one participant due to its larger size and power instead of contractual ties.
An example would be Wal-Mart, since it is able to control the downstream distribution channel simply because it is one of the largest retailers in the world.
In an administered vertical marketing system, independent firms join together formally to decide how the marketing channel will operate.
Explanation:In an administered vertical marketing system, independent firms join together formally to decide as a group how the marketing channel will operate. This system aims to reduce conflict, obtain economies of scale, and ensure coordination. The dominant member has significant power to impose its ideas and objectives, but there is no common ownership among the participants.
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Which management area in an organization does not normally have transportation responsibility?
a. marketing
b. manufacturing
c. procurement
d. logistics
Answer:
a. marketing
Explanation:
Manufacturing may be responsible for transporting in the raw materials and transporting out the finished products. Procurement is also a management area that deals with procuring and transporting in business services and or products for processing. Logistics as the name suggests is the efficient management of operations and organizing movement carrying business operations in and out of the firm. This counts as transportation.
Marketing is the only area that does not directly deal with transportation as their main aim is to promote the product.
Hope that helps.
The manufacturing department does not typically have transportation responsibilities within an organization. This responsibility is usually under the logistics department which handles the transportation and distribution of products.
Explanation:In an organization, the management area that typically does not have transportation responsibility is b. manufacturing. This division focuses on the production process, creating goods from raw materials. Its responsibilities primarily involve overseeing the operations and processes used to produce and improve goods and services. Conversely, transportation is usually the responsibility of the logistics department, which oversees the transportation, stocking, and distribution of the products manufactured by the organization.
In other words, while the manufacturing sector is concerned with the creation of a product, the logistics sector is responsible for ensuring that those products reach their intended destination, such as a storefront or a customer's doorstep. Hence, manufacturing is not normally associated with transportation duties within an organization.
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Ryan's dad needs to drive bigger company vehicles in order to get promoted. What does he need?
Answer:
A Commercial Driver License
Explanation:
When a person or an individual, who needs to drive the bigger vehicles of the company, that person or an individual needs or require to have a commercial driver license, which make the person authorize to drive the car. As the law, states, that the person should have a commercial license.
Therefore, Ryan's dad, who wanted to be get promoted, he needs to drive the bigger vehicles of the company, for that he needs or require the driver license and it is to be commercial one.
Ryan's dad needs a commercial driver's license (CDL) to drive bigger company vehicles in order to get promoted.
To elaborate, obtaining a CDL is necessary for operating large commercial vehicles such as trucks and buses, which are often required for higher-level positions in many companies.
The process involves passing a series of written and practical tests that ensure the driver is knowledgeable about safety regulations and vehicle operation. Additionally, depending on the specific vehicle type and company requirements, Ryan's dad might need to obtain endorsements for transporting passengers, hazardous materials, or driving tankers.
The CDL not only demonstrates his ability to handle larger vehicles but also showcases his commitment to following industry standards, making him a suitable candidate for promotion.
In summary, obtaining a CDL will qualify Ryan's dad for driving larger company vehicles, thus facilitating his promotion.
Ned has built his entrepreneurial venture into a successful business. Part of his original plan was to build the business then sell it to another company that could take it to the next level of success. In other words, Ned intends to ________ his business.
Answer:
harvest his business
Explanation:
His original plan here was to do what is usually called business harvesting.
This would have been his exit strategy, after achieving success (profits), he would then harvest his investment (business).
For example, when a social network is sold or acquired by another bigger company. The original CEO could be said to have harvested his business.
Southwest Airlines and Carnival Cruises collaborated to market "fly and cruise" specials from major cities to Carnival's ports in New Orleans, Galveston and Miami. The collaboration enabled both firms to share the cost of the campaign. This strategy is known as:a. cross-promotionb. cooperative advertisingc. comparative advertisingd. interactive advertising
Answer: Cross-promotion
Explanation:
Southwest airlines and Carnival cruises are engaged in a Cross-promotion, where the both companies services are used to promote to other.
Cross-promotion simply is a business concept, whereby a product/service is used to promote another product/service. An example is a soft drink production company promoting the consumption of their soft-drink products with snacks produced by a particular popular fast-food restaurant.
the late 1400s, China was the world leader in the production and export of goods such as silk, porcelain, tea, fruit, drugs, cotton, weapons, etc., which Europeans desired; however, Europe produced few products of interest to the Chinese. Why did this encourage the European exploration of the Americas? a. The Europeans hoped the Indians would extend them new lines of credit. b. There was a currency surplus in Europe, with vast reserves held by the ruling elite. c. It created a trade deficit, with Chinese imports vastly exceeding European exports, that caused European nations to seek sources of precious metals. d. It fostered a labor shortage, leading to a strong demand for slave labor.
Answer:
C. It created a trade deficit, with Chinese imports vastly exceeding European exports, that caused European nations to seek sources of precious metals.
Explanation:
Importing Chinese goods resulted in trade deficit as Europeans had no way of sustaining the trade until the hopes of precious metals in Americas encouraged exploration of the continent.
Although income is earned continuously, companies measure income for a specific period of time. Accountants refer to this practice as:________a) unit of measure assumption.b) time period assumption.c) matching principle.d) continuity assumption.
Answer: Time period assumption.
Explanation:
The time period assumption is an accounting standard that enables businesses to record their financial activities for a given time frame ( it could be a measure of either yearly, half yearly, monthly, weekly or daily financial activities).
An exclusion of all products from certain countries or companies by a government or group is called a(n):
a.expropriation
b.quota
c.tariff
d.exchange control
e.boycott
Answer:
(E) boycott
Explanation:
Boycott refers to the avoidance of goods and products from an entity in an act of protest against an action by the entity. The entity could be a state, government, company, or any other body. The aim is usually to prevent economic benefits from flowing to the entity thereby forcing it to reverse the action being protested against.
Expropriation refers to the takeover of a property by a government usually for public use. Quota refers to limiting the quantity of goods to be imported from a foreign country to a given quantity. Tariff refers to a charge on imports from other countries. Exchange control refers to measures aimed at stabilizing the value of a nation's currency.
There are times people boycott products due to different reasons. An exclusion of all products from certain countries or companies by a government or group is called a boycott.
A boycott is known to be a vivid refusal to have any form of dealings with any person, a store, product, an organization, etc.This is usually to done by people to show forth their disapproval or to force acceptance of certain conditions.
By boycotting, people often express their grievances for any product that is of harmful effect etc.
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Kevin is told that if he works for five days at a telemarketing job, he can expect to earn $100 a day on commission alone. When he gets his paycheck at the end of the week, it comes to only about $80 per day. He's very upset even when he finds out that his coworkers all made only about $60 each per day. This is an example of __________.
Answer:
Unfulfilled Expectations
Explanation:
Kevin expects to get $100 dollars at the end of the week and therefore has based his expenses on his expected paycheck.
Unfulfilled expectations could lead to anger, upset and frustrations.
The psychology of expectations made him pinned his hopes for expecting his full earnings on fulfilled expectations; the reason he's upset even after he found out that his colleagues earned $20 little than he earned.
Also, he must have felt cheated after finding out that his paycheck was less than $100
A shop owner wants to know what the effect would be of increasing the price on skate boards he sells in his store. When skate boards cost $200, 10 people are willing to buy those skate boards. If the price increases to $300, only 7 people are willing to buy them.
Answer:
When the price of a single skateboard is increased, the overall demand decreases.
Explanation:
A shop owner wants to know what the effect would be of increasing the price on skate boards he sells in his store.
Initially the skateboards were sold for $200 but he decided to increase the price. So he increased the price to $300.
The number of skateboards sold were initially 10 and then decreased to 7 after the price of the skateboards were increased.
Hence we conclude that after the prices were increased, the sale of skateboards decreased.
During an economic downturn when businesses must cut expenses, managers must be creative in motivating employees. Which one of the following would most likely motivate surviving employees to sustain their effort following a layoff of their fellow employees?A.Offering survivors a bonus if they remain with the company until the economic downturn ends.B.Asking employees for their input on important issues.C.Cutting the salaries of the senior managers.D.Increasing the budget for the annual Christmas party so survivors get more expensive gifts.E.Monitoring employee behaviors closely to reduce social loafing
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that the most important motivator would be asking employees for their input on important issues. This would make the employees feel as though they are appreciated and needed within the company and would not feel as though they are going to get fired soon because of the economic downturn. Therefore they will stay at the company and not begin to seek other employment opportunities.
All of the following would be found in the footnotes to a company’s financial statements except:
A. Inventory valuation method
B. Potential legal Liabilities
C. Schedule of Maturing debt
D. Operations overview
Answer:
D.Operations overview
Explanation:
Footnotes to the financial statements consist of a summary of significant accounting policies used by the entity and other explanatory notes.
The entity is required to disclose all the accounting policies in notes to the financial statements including valuation method adopted by the entity for the purpose of calculating inventory, all the potential legal liabilities which can influence the decisions that users make on the basis of financial information about an entity.Also the entity has to disclose explanations in it's notes which include Schedule of Maturing debt.
Based on the above discussion the answer is D.Operations overview
Final answer:
Correct option is D. Operations overview
Explanation:
The footnotes to a company's financial statements include a variety of detailed information that provides additional context to the numbers presented in the financial statements themselves. This can include details on the inventory valuation method used by the company, any potential legal liabilities it may face, and a schedule of maturing debt which details when the company's debts are due to be paid.
However, an operations overview is not typically found in the footnotes. Instead, an operations overview would likely be included in the Management's Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) section, which discusses the company's financial condition, changes in financial condition and results of operations.
Hilton's HHonors is an example of a ________, which is specifically designed to retain customers by offering premiums or other incentives to customers who make multiple purchases over time. Multiple Choice sampling program rebate premium cross-promotion loyalty program
Answer: Loyalty program.
Explanation:
Loyalty program is a system of rewarding customers for their consistent patronage. A loyalty program could come as a coupon, rewards, free products, advance access to new products given to customers, it is an effective way of increasing revenue as customers are encouraged to come over and over again to make purchase.
When a company is having a loyalty program, customers get their personal information registered with the company and are given a means of identity which they use when making any purchase. Loyalty program is a means of rewarding customers for brand loyalty.
____________ poverty is the product of some personal characteristic of the poor-old age, illiteracy, inadequate education, lack of job skill, more health, race - which prevented them from participating in the nation's prosperity.
Answer: Case
Explanation:
The case poverty is basically refers to the personal characteristics of the product that is used for secure the basic requirement in the surrounding. The case poverty is mainly similar to the collective poverty type but it is different from the distribution term.
The person characteristics include illiteracy, race, inadequate education and the lack of skills in the job and it is basically used to prevent from participate in nations prosperity.
Therefore, Case poverty is the correct answer.
Which of the following provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act addresses the management assessment of internal controls?
a. rules of professional responsibility for attorneys.
b. codes of ethics for senior financial officers.
c. management assessment of internal controls.
d. services outside the scope of auditors
Answer:
b. codes of ethics for senior financial officers.
Explanation:
according to the Sarbanes-Oxley act:
- The company should be having an expert who is responsible for the auditing andd the company should name the expert and if they are not having the expert they should give a reason.
- A comapny should have a code andd ethics and it should also be applied to the seniors.
Which step of selling includes cold-calling?
Cold-calling is a part of the ________step of selling.
There are not any multiple choice
Answer:
The answer is: Prospecting
Explanation:
When businesses want to sell their product(s), they commission a team of sales representatives who solicit the market on behalf of the business. These sales representatives proposition customers at the very beginning of the selling process to deduce just how much the market is interested in the product(s) offered by the business which they represent. This propositioning can happen over the phone or in person and the canvassing for potential customers could be business to business or business to consumer. This stage is defined as the prospecting stage as the business seeks to identify the allure that its product has in its intended market.
Which type of life policy would best suit someone who retires in good health with a large amount of cash, whose investment goals are conservative?
Answer:
Single premium whole life insurance
Explanation:
Single premium whole life insurance is the most suitable sort of life plan that accommodates someone who retires in good fitness with a huge amount of money, whose financing purposes remain conventional. Single-Premium Whole Life (SPL) is a sort of life assurance in which a big amount of money is spent toward the protection plan in replacement for a death advantage that is completely promised to remain paid-up continuously till thou die.
In the short run, the firm's network is _________ while in the long run it is ________.A. fixed, variableB. adoptable, reversibleC. variable, reversibleD. reversible, fixed
In the short run, the firm's network is fixed while in the long run it is variable.
Option A
Explanation:
Logistics network planning refers to tools that are required to evaluate the trade-offs among inventory quantities, amount and warehouses location, and transportation costs to most profitably and possibly support or assist a desired level of customer service.
Here the network would be fixed for short-term and on a long term basis it would be variable.
Logistics network design is associated with the site of warehouses and manufacturing plants, distribution of warehouses in connection to production plants or allocation of demands of the customers.
Final answer:
In the short run, the firm's network is fixed due to at least one input being unchangeable. In contrast, in the long run, all inputs and costs can be adjusted, making the firm's network variable.
Explanation:
The question relates to how costs and factors of production are viewed differently in the short run versus the long run for a firm. In the short run, at least one input is fixed, often represented by capital (K), due to contractual or practical immobility. This input cannot be quickly changed, and so the firm operates with some fixed costs and some variable costs.
However, in the long run, the firm has the capability to adjust all factors of production. This adjustment period allows the firm to change its operations completely, such as changing the quantity of capital or labor it uses. With this flexibility, all costs become variable since the firm can optimize its production without being constrained by previous decisions. Therefore, in the long run, there are no fixed costs, and all costs are considered variable.
Given this information, the correct answer to the student's question is that in the short run, the firm's network is fixed, while in the long run it is variable. Hence, the correct option is A. fixed, variable.
Your firm is selling a 3-year old machine that has a 5-year class life. The machine originally cost $580,000 and required an investment in net working capital of $20,000 at the time of installation (recoverable when the machine is no longer in use). Your firm is selling the asset for $180,000. Your firm's marginal tax rate is 34%. What is the cash flow effect from selling this machine?
Answer:
$ + 195593.6
Explanation:
First lets calculate the After depreciation net book value of the machine by computing depreciation as per MACRS 5-year class
Year 1 % Dep = 20%
Year 2 % Dep = 32%
Year 3 % Dep = 19.20%
So NBV of machine after 3 years
= 580,000 - (580000*0.20)-(580000*0.32)-(580000*0.1920)
=$167,040
We calculate the net taxable value of the gain as
=180,000 - 167040 = $12,960
Tax = 12960*0.34 = $4406.4
Thus the net cash flow proceeds from the sale of machine are as follows,
NCF = 180,000 - 4406.4 + 20,000 = $195593.6
where $20,000 is the freed working capital.
Hope that helps.
Final answer:
The cash flow effect from selling the machine is the sum of the sale price, the recovered net working capital, and the tax savings from the loss incurred on the sale, totaling $217,680.
Explanation:
The cash flow effect from selling the machine will consider the sale price, the original cost, the accumulated depreciation, any net working capital recovery, and the tax consequences. Since the machine originally cost $580,000 and it is being sold for $180,000, but it has depreciated over its 3 years of use, we need to calculate the book value of the machine (the original cost minus accumulated depreciation) to determine the gain or loss on the sale. Assuming straight-line depreciation over the 5-year class life, the annual depreciation is $116,000 ($580,000 / 5 years), making the accumulated depreciation after 3 years $348,000 (3 years × $116,000).
The book value of the machine after 3 years is $232,000 ($580,000 original cost - $348,000 accumulated depreciation). The loss on the sale is then $52,000 ($232,000 book value - $180,000 sale price). Additionally, the $20,000 in net working capital is recoverable. The tax savings from the loss can be calculated by multiplying the marginal tax rate by the loss ($52,000 × 34% = $17,680). So, the total cash flow from the sale is the sale price plus the recovered net working capital plus the tax savings from the loss, which equals $180,000 + $20,000 + $17,680 = $217,680.