Answer:
The frequency of the recessive allele which codes for grey pelt character will rise above 20%, while the that of the dominant allele that confers brown pelt character will decrease below 80%.
Explanation:
Since the population of foxes with brown pelts are being selectively hunted by humans, the population of foxes with brown pelts will keep reducing while the population of foxes with grey pelt will thrive in its place.
Hence, the the frequency of the recessive allele which confers grey pelt attribute will rise above original 20% within the population, while the dominant allele will decrease below 80%.
If the base sequence of one strand in a DNA molecule is GACACATAGCAC, then the base sequence of the other strand must be: Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. CTATGAATAGTA TCACACGCTACA. CTGTGTATCGTG. AAATTTCCCGGG GACACATAGCAC.
Answer:
CTGTGTATCGTG
Explanation:
According to the rule of complementary base pairing proposed by Erwin Chargaff, the Adenine binds the Thymine and the Cytosine binds the Guanine.
In the given question,
if the base sequence of one strand will be- GACACATAGCAC
The complementary strand will be- CTGTGTATCGTG.
This option is chosen as this option fits the complementary base pairing rule and the is the most appropriate option.
Thus, CTGTGTATCGTG is correct.
Which cell structures are present only in plants, not in animals? Select all that apply. Select all that apply. chloroplasts central vacuole plasma membrane ribosomes cell wall endoplasmic reticulum
Chloroplasts, and cell wall. The chloroplasts are used for photosynthesis, and the cell wall is extra protection. All cells have a cell membrane but only plant cells have both
Chloroplasts, and cell wall and the chloroplasts are used for photosynthesis, and the cell wall is extra protection. All cells have a cell membrane but only plant cells have both.
What are the similarities between Plants and animal cells?Plants and animal cells share a lot of similarities since they both belong to a same group of cells which is the eukaryotic cells. One similarity they share is the cell membrane. This is the part of the cell which surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell.
Cell membrane can be defined as the outermost covering of the plant and animal cell. Its main function is protection from the outer environment. Golgi complex is the organelles is found in both plant and animal cell and helps in the protein modification and packaging for transportation.
Endoplasmic reticulum works very similar to Golgi body as it helps in the modifying and packing of molecules. Cytoplasm is the fluid inside the cell in which all the cell organelles float. It provides shape and flexibility to the cell.
Therefore, Chloroplasts, and cell wall and the chloroplasts are used for photosynthesis, and the cell wall is extra protection. All cells have a cell membrane but only plant cells have both.
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Mr. Ramirez, whose blood type is AB-, has been injured and requires a blood transfusion. Which blood type may be acceptable for Mr. Ramirez to acquire?
Answer:
Mr. Ramirez can only accept B-
What is the term for the ratio of the amount of feed input it takes to produce a set quantity of animal product output (such as a unit of weight gain or a dozen eggs)
Answer:
Feed conversion ratio
Explanation:
This is the amount of feed needed for the growth and development of the animal and how it’s utilized. Some animals require more food before appreciable weight gain or other outputs.
The feed conversion ratio is indirectly proportional to the growth and efficiency. This means the higher the feed conversion ratio the lower the efficiency and vice versa.
Answer: The term is feed conversion ratio/rate (F.C.R)
Explanation:
Feed conversion ratio which is sometimes also called feed conversion rate is a rate determinant of the effectiveness with which livestock bodies systems usually convert animal feed into output.Output in this case may be milk for diary animals, eggs for poultry etc.
In simpler terms, feed conversion rate/ratio (FCR) is the amount of units of animal feed that an animal uses to make/produce one unit of product. For instance, a herder may seek to find out the quantity of feed it may take to grow one kilogram of beef. The knowledge the farmer seeks for is feed conversion ratio
The main difference between early and late selection models of attention is that in late selection models, selection of stimuli for final processing doesn't occur until the information is analyzed for __________.
Answer:
B. meaning
Explanation:
Here is the complete question:.
The main difference between early and late selection models of attention is that in late selection models, selection of stimuli for final processing doesn't occur until the information is analyzed for
A. modality.
B. meaning.
C. physical characteristics.
D. location.
B. meaning
In the model of attention in late selection models, selection of stimuli for
final processing doesn't occur until the information is analyzed for meaning.
In late selection models, information is selected after stimuli identification
and processing of the information for meaning. In early selection models,
the stimuli aren't yet fully processed to form information and occurs at the
early stages of processing.
This means that the model of attention in the late selection model occurs
only when information has been analyzed and processed to give a meaning
after which action occurs.
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Antibiotics kill bacteria by interfering with their growth or cellular activités, like protein synthesis
True
False
Answer:
The statement is TRUE.
Explanation:
Antibiotics are substances that kill bacteria (bactericidal effect) such as penicillin. They are also characterized by generating inhibition of bacterial growth (bacteriostatic effect). They also act by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. They can also inhibit transcription (they act on the beta subunit of the enzyme RNA polymerase DNA dependent) and translation of bacterial proteins (by binding of the 30S or 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome).
Jason Ormand was arrested on suspicion of sexual assault. The arresting officers did not give Jason his Miranda warnings. Jason confesses to the assault. The DNA evidence taken from the victim shows with 99% certainty that Jason was her attacker. a. Because of the violation of Jason’s rights in the officers’ failure to give the Miranda warnings, the case must be dismissed. b. The case can still proceed with the DNA evidence. c. The case can proceed but only with the victim’s testimony. d. none of the above
Answer:
b. The case can still proceed with the DNA evidence.
Explanation:
Sexual assault is a very sensitive crime. It is a situation whereby a person touches another person in a sexual or provocative manner without the other person's consent.
A sexual assault case will proceed due to the presence of DNA evidence which can help the prosecution team to establish and prove the guilt of the offender.
The case against Jason can still proceed with the DNA evidence despite the lack of Miranda warnings as the Miranda v. Arizona case outlines when a confession is admissible, but does not preclude the use of other evidence. Hence, the correct option is b.
The Miranda v. Arizona case established that a suspect must be informed of their rights, including the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney, for their confession to be admissible in court. Despite not being read his Miranda warnings, the DNA evidence independently obtained can still be used in the case against Jason. Therefore, the correct answer is b. The case can still proceed with the DNA evidence.
There are several hypotheses about the causes of muscular fatigue. These include depleted muscle glycogen stores, ion imbalances (especially K+), and which other mechanism?
Explanation:
Elevated intracellular Ca2+ has amazingly negative impacts on the elements of subcellular organelles, for example, the ER and mitochondria, prompting weakened metabolic homeostasis. Conversely, mediations that square Ca2+ passage into cells not just improved insulin affectability and glucose homeostasis in stout subjects and diabetic patients yet in addition reestablished autophagy and insulin affect the ability in fat mouse models. In any case, the sub-atomic instruments that interface intracellular Ca2+ over-burden to insulin obstruction have not been totally clarified. Insulin-animated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphoinositides (PIPs) at the 3-position to deliver PI(3,4)P2 or PI(3,4,5)P3, which select an assortment of flagging proteins with pleckstrin homology (PH) areas, including phosphoinositide-subordinate kinase 1 (PDK1) and protein kinase B (Akt).What are the five special senses and what distinguishes them from somatic senses such as mechanoreception (pressure, vibration and proprioception), pain (nociception) and heat (thermoception)?
Answer:
Special senses include:
SmellVisionHearing/balanceTasteExplanation:
Somatic senses are specialized never cells that act as receptors of a certain stimulus, such as pain and pressure. the detected stimulus is converted to a nerve impulse that travels along the afferent nerves to the central nervous system for processing and generating a response.
Special senses on the other hand have sense organs such as tongue and nose that gather the sensation turns it to a nerve impulse that travels along the afferent nerves to the CNS for processing and generating a response.
Final answer:
The five special senses, which are olfaction, gustation, equilibrium, vision, and hearing, have specific organs devoted to them and are designed to collect and transmit specific types of stimuli to the brain through sensory transduction. General senses, like mechanoreception, nociception, and thermoception, do not have specialized organs and their receptors are spread throughout the body.
Explanation:
Differences Between Special and General Senses:
Humans have five special senses: olfaction (smell), gustation (taste), equilibrium (balance and body position), vision, and hearing. What distinguishes them from the general senses, such as mechanoreception (pressure, vibration, and proprioception), nociception (pain), and thermoception (heat), is that special senses have specific organs devoted to them, such as the nose, tongue, inner ear, and eyes. In contrast, general senses, which fall under the category of somatosensation, do not have specialized organs; instead, their receptors are distributed throughout the body in various organs and structures.
The five special senses are designed to collect and transmit very specific types of stimuli to the brain. Sensory transduction is the process by which these senses convert stimuli (like light, sound, or chemical molecules) into electrical signals in the nervous system. In contrast, general senses deal with a range of stimuli from the external and internal environment and are less specialized in terms of receptor location and structure.
How is prophase i different from prophase ii in meiosis?
Cell signaling involves converting extracellular signals to specific responses inside the target cell. Different molecules are involved at each stage of the process. In this activity, you will sort items based on which stage they are involved in:_________1. reception 2. transduction3. response
Answer:
Reception:
- G protein-coupled receptor
- Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
- Signaling Molecule
Transduction:
- Phosphorylation Cascade
- Second Messenger
- Adenylyl Cyclase
- IP3, Ca2+, cAMP
Response:
- Protein Synthesis
According to cognitive-behaviorists, _____ may play a key role in substance use disorders. This is because the temporary reduction of tension or raising of spirits produced by a drug has a rewarding effect, thus increasing the likelihood that the user will seek this reaction again.
Operant conditioning
Explanation:
A learning process in which an organisms behavior gets associated with some kind of punishments or reward on behalf of that behavior is called operant conditioning.
In the stated situation, the intake of drug reduces the tension and produces a relaxing effect on mind. In order to get this effect again, the user seeks to take the drug again. Thus we can state that his behavior of taking drugs has associated itself with the rewarding effect of reduced tension . Hence, it is operant conditioning that has played the role in the substance use disorder.
Norman Triplett observed that adolescents wound a fishing reel faster in the presence of someone working simultaneously on the same task. This best illustrates....
Answer:
social facilitation
Explanation:
The concept of social facilitation was first proposed by Norman Triplett. After observing a cycling event, in which he noticed that cyclist performed better when they have others around competing with them, rather than cycling alone just against time. This led him to duct an experiment where he gave some children strings to wound fishing reel. He observed that, children wound the fishing reel faster in the presence of other children performing similar task, when compared to when perform such task alone.
This concept discovered by Norman Triplett, best illustrates the concept of social facilitation, which posits that, individuals tend to perform better in the mere presence of others or when they perform a task with others, than when performing the task alone.
Norman Triplett's observation of adolescents performing a task faster in the presence of others illustrates the concepts of social facilitation and deindividuation. The increased performance when being observed is related to the Hawthorne effect. It also relates to ideas of workplace efficiency through task specialization.
Explanation:The observation made by Norman Triplett that adolescents wind a fishing reel faster in the presence of someone working simultaneously on the same task illustrates the concept of social facilitation. Social facilitation is a psychological phenomenon where individuals tend to perform better on tasks when they know they are being observed or when they are in the presence of others performing the same task. This concept aligns well with the Hawthorne effect, where employees' performance improved when they were observed or interacted with by researchers or supervisors.
Another related concept is that of deindividuation. This occurs when people's awareness of their individuality is reduced, often in group settings. This lessened self-awareness can lead to increased adherence to group norms and can stimulate performance on tasks.
Moreover, Triplett's observation also relates to ideas about workplace efficiency. Much like in a factory setting where workers can learn to do tasks more quickly or effectively when they specialize, individuals in Triplett's scenario may have felt a drive to perform the task more quickly due to being observed by another person doing the same task.
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The fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposed that membranes ____________
The fluid mosaic model of cell membrane suggests that the membrane is made of a fluid lipid bilayer in which proteins can move around freely, creating a mosaic-like structure. Other components like carbohydrates can also be part of this structure.
Explanation:The fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposed that membranes are a dynamic and complex structure consisting of a bilateral layer of lipids interspersed with proteins. In this model, the lipid bilayer provides a fluid environment in which various proteins can float and move around. These proteins can function as receptors, enzymes, channels, or transporters, making the membrane a very versatile structure. Also, other components like carbohydrates can be attached to proteins and lipids, contributing to the mosaic-like feature of the membrane.
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The fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposes that membranes have a fluid character and are composed of a mosaic of components, including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates.
Explanation:The fluid mosaic model of the membrane proposes that membranes have a fluid character and are composed of a mosaic of components, including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates. This model suggests that the components of the membrane can move fluidly within the plane of the membrane and that the mosaic-like composition gives the membrane its structure.
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What accounts for the diversity of cell types and functions in humans relative to simpler animals, despite not having significantly more genes than simpler animals?
Completed Ques.
A. Many human genes can encode multiple proteins.
B. Complexity arises from differential gene expression.
C. Humans gain more genes through horizontal gene transfer.
D. Complexity arises from different combinations of proteins.
Answer:
A,B,D
Explanation:
A. Many human genes can encode multiple proteins.
The characteristic of DNA and RNA tipple codes to code for a particular protein, and for each of these bases to re-arranged to form a different triplet code , to translate for another protein, makes multiple proteins to be coded for by many genes. (generally the 4 bases(A,TC,G, U) can combine in 64 times to form triplet codes with each coding for a specific protein)This makes varieties of proteins to be synthesized, for different cellular reactions e,g need for hormones, enzymes,and for different biochemical reactions for efficient functioning of the body. A characteristic lacking in simple animals.
B. Complexity arises from differential gene expression.
The complexity of gene expression is due to the fact that the processes of transcription and translation at the onset of gene expression are separated and occurs, after the completion of one another. Each of this stage requires separate enzymes, conditions, processes before they can take place, and different cell organelles to coordinate.Besides the ability of each cells to regulate different levels of gene expression -Epigenetic regulation is additional complexity of the gene expression.
D. Complexity arises from different combinations of proteins.
The ability to produces different combinations of proteins with different physiological and anatomical functions, explains the complexity and diversification in eukaryotes compare to simple animals.
For the following, match the appropriate drug or drug class to its correct action. Choose the best answer for each. Symlin metformin Prandase Victoza Invokana A. slows digestion of dietary starches and complex carbohydrates by inhibiting an enzyme that breaks them down into glucose B. lower blood glucose levels by preventing the kidney from reabsorption of glucose. Rather, the filtered glucose is excreted in the urine. C. does not act directly on the beta cells, but increase sensitivity of the insulin receptor to the binding of naturally secreted insulin thus improving movement of glucose into the cells. D. acts like natural gut hormones that are secreted with meals at the same time insulin is secreted to help lower blood glucose levels by delaying gastric emptying E. noninsulin antidiabetic drug that delays gastric emptying and lowers after-meal blood glucose levels
Answer:
Symlin-E
Metaformin-C
Prandase-A
Victoza-D
Invokana-B
Explanation:
These drugs fall under non-insulin drugs that are used to treat diabetes.
Each of the listed drugs has a unique mechanism of action aimed at managing blood glucose levels. Symlin is a noninsulin antidiabetic drug, Metformin increases insulin receptor's sensitivity, Prandase slows digestion of certain carbohydrates, Victoza mimics natural gut hormones, and Invokana prevents glucose reabsorption by kidneys.
Explanation:The appropriate drug or drug class to its correct action are as follow:
Symlin: E. noninsulin antidiabetic drug that delays gastric emptying and lowers after-meal blood glucose levels.Metformin: C. does not act directly on the beta cells, but increase sensitivity of the insulin receptor to the binding of naturally secreted insulin thus improving movement of glucose into the cells.Prandase: A. slows digestion of dietary starches and complex carbohydrates by inhibiting an enzyme that breaks them down into glucose.Victoza: D. acts like natural gut hormones that are secreted with meals at the same time insulin is secreted to help lower blood glucose levels by delaying gastric emptying.Invokana: B. lower blood glucose levels by preventing the kidney from reabsorption of glucose. Rather, the filtered glucose is excreted in the urine.Learn more about Diabetes medication here:https://brainly.com/question/32787413
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which question can be answered using the scientific method process?
Refer to Animation: Base Excision Repair. In the example in the animation, uracil is incorrectly paired with guanine. What is the effect on the DNA sequence if base excision repair does not remove the uracil and DNA replication is allowed to proceed?
Explanation:
Base excision repair operates for small DNA damage such as deaminated bases
DNA glycosylase plays an important role in cleavage of glycosidic bond of abnormal base (does not cleave phosphodiester bond)Uracil is incorrectly paired with guanine then mutation will occurThe original GC base pair will change into AT base pair(transition of GC to AT)Transition is a mutation in which one purine(adenine or guanine) is substituted for other or one pyrimidine(cytosine or thymine or uracil) is substituted for otherThe process of inflammation _____.
a. is an ongoing response to long-term infection
b. produces chemotaxis
c. is a fast process that destroys infected or damaged tissue
d. produces prostaglandins
e. is never helpful to healing
Answer:
D. produces prostaglandins
Explanation:
The inflammatory responseoccurs when tissues are injured by bacteria, trauma, toxins, heat, or any other cause,thus releasing chemicals like histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins.
Answer:
The process of inflammation is a fast process that destroys infected or damaged tissue
Explanation:
Inflammation entails an autoimmune process that causes damage to itself
Match the definitions with their vocabulary terms. Not all terms will be used. a. ______process in which organisms with extreme expressions of a trait are removed.b. ______process in which shift of a population toward an extreme version of a beneficial trait.c. ______process in which individuals with average traits are removed, creating two populations with extreme traits
The answers are Stabilizing selection, directional selection and disruptive selection respectively.
Explanation:In case of a population of a species, there exists both the homozygous alleles as well as the hybrid of the two characters. This leads to co existence of both hybrids and homozygotes together in a population.
Now because of the natural selection, there remains some characteristics in either homozygotes or in hybrids which gets special advantages over other. So nature selects the preferred race and the number of those individuals in the population increase.
If number of one of the homozygotes increase, then it's the directional selection.
If the number of the hybrids increase, then its Stabilizing selection.
And if both the homozygotes are selected, then it's divergent selection.
A client with a history of brain tumors that resulted in partial removal of the pituitary gland years ago expresses concern to the health care provider about whether she will be able to breast-feed her infant. Which physiologic function of the pituitary gland facilitates breast milk production?
Answer:
Prolactin
Explanation:
Prolactin is an hormone in the body that is synthesized by cells called lactrotrophs which are situated in the pituitary gland of a mammal.
Prolactin helps in the development of the mammary glands as well as in the production of breast milk. Prolactin can also be called luteotropin or luteotropin hormone.
When the nipples of a nursing mother are stimulated either by the sucking action of the baby or any external stimulus, the prolactin hormone is released and breast milk is produced.
When a client develops a fever on the first postoperative day, the LPN/LVN auscultates rales bilaterally in the lower lobes. The LPN/LVN suspects that what complications of surgery is probably developing
The LPN/LVN must be suspecting post operative atelectasis.
Explanation:
Post operative fever in a patient is a common symptom but rales are mostly associated with blocking of air passage. And this blocking of air passage is a common symptom of atelectasis.
Moreover, atelectasis is common in patients who have undergone major surgeries under anesthesia.
Anesthesia changes the rate of lung intake so resulting in collapse of few alveoli.
Thus, it is more probable for the nurse to suspect the development of atelectasis.
4.The Deepwater Horizon oil spill in 2010 is considered to be the largest oil spill in petroleum industry history. This spill affected over 8,000 marine species including fish, birds, mammals, and more. Do a web search to find information about the affected ecosystems in the Gulf of Mexico. Have these ecosystems and the affected populations full recovered from this oil spill
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill happened in 2010 and is known as the worst oil spill that has ever happened in the Gulf of Mexico. In this event, 5 million barrels of oil were poured into the sea, which resulted in the death of 7 workers, in addition to the destruction of much of the local ecosystem.
This spill lasted 87 days and spread for about 1500 km in the Gulf of Mexico, contaminating the water and killing thousands of animals. Although a team from Deepwater Horizon carried out a cleaning of the site, there are still traces of the leaked oil, which indicates that the ecosystem has not fully recovered. In addition, researchers were able to find petroleum compounds in many animals in the region and even in bird eggs.
Answer and Explanation:
The Deepwater Horizon calamity in 2010 spilled 205.8 million gallons of oil and 225,000 tons of methane into the Gulf of Mexico. Just around 25% of the oil was recuperated, leaving in excess of 154 million gallons of oil adrift. Moreover, almost 2 million gallons of poisonous dispersants were sprayed into the Gulf's waters in order to remove the oil. This didn't really decrease the amount of oil left in the sea, but simply broke it into smaller particles that may really make the oil increasingly dangerous for some sea life and facilitate its entrance into the natural way of life.
The spill have harmed or most likely killed around 82,000 birds of 102 species; around 6,165 ocean turtles; upwards of 25,900 marine mammals; and an immense (yet obscure) number of fish, as well as shellfish, crabs, corals and different animals.
The habitat has been affected too. Besides decimating underwater areas, including considerable territory for the rare dwarf seahorse, the oil spilled more than a thousand miles of shoreline, including beaches and margins. This negatively affected species like seagrass, beach mice and shorebirds.
The oil spill greatly disturbed the ecosystems and obliterated all the natural life reliant on those ecosystem in the Gulf. Clean-up endeavors just evacuate a small amount of the persistent oil and gas spilled. The rest of the oil will keep on harming wildlife for ages. Other than the immediate damage to wildlife, the spill impoverished the people of the Gulf, who greatly rely upon this rich waterway for food, culture, ecological advancement and recreation.
A gene is a sequence of DNA nucleotide bases that codes for a single protein. Approximately how many nucleotide bases would be required to code for a protein chain that is 100 amino acids long?
Answer:300
Explanation:
A codon specify a particular amino acid. It is been read in three base pair or nucleotide. Cells are able to decode mRNA by reading this codon that specify a particular amino acids. We have the start codon (AUG specifying methionine) and stop codon which are three UAA,UGA,UAG
The start codon specify when to start translation and the stop codon specific when translation should stop.
Since a codon contains is a group of 3 nucleotide Bases then 100 amino acid will contain 300 nucleotide bases.
There are two types of cell division. The first (A) produces cells that are identical to the original cell. The second (B) produces cells that are different from the original cell. Which type of cell division do you think is the responsible for these processes
Answer:
A - mitosis
B - Meiosis
Explanation:
Mitosis is also referred to as equational division or division of vegetative or somatic cells. This type of cell division leads to the production of cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.
Meiosis is also referred to as reductional cell division or the division of sex cells. The daughter cells have half of the genetic component of the parent cell. Exchange of chromosomal materials takes place between non-sister chromatids during meiosis and this ensures that the daughter cells become genetically different from their parent cell.
Hence, (A) is mitotic cell division while (B) is meotic cell division.
The protostome developmental sequence arose just once in evolutionary history, resulting in two main subgroups-Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa. What does this finding suggest?
Answer:
Division of these two groups occurred after the protostome developmental sequence appeared
The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called
Answer:
Nondisjunction.
Explanation:
Nondisjunction occurs when chromosomes fail to segregate during cell division. It can occur during the process of mitosis as well as meiosis.
The cells in the body are all diploid, that is, have two sets of 23 chromosomes except the gametes or sex cells which are the egg and sperm cells which have only one set of 23 chromosomes also called haploid.
Meiosis occur when haploid gametes are created from a diploid cell. In meiosis, chromosomes separate to produce four gametes, all haploid.
The failure of these chromosomes to separate normally, is called nondisjunction.
Nondisjunction refers to the failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis, resulting in an abnormal number of chromosomes in the resultant gametes. It can occur in either meiosis I or II, with differing results, including the formation of aneuploid gametes which are linked to a variety of genetic disorders.
Explanation:The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called nondisjunction. This can occur during either meiosis I or meiosis II with differing results. If homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis I, the result is two gametes that lack that particular chromosome and two gametes with two copies of the chromosome. If sister chromatids fail to separate during meiosis II, the result is one gamete that lacks that chromosome, two normal gametes with one chromosome copy, and one gamete with two chromosome copies.
Nondisjunction leads to the formation of aneuploid gametes, which carry an abnormal number of chromosomes and are often associated with conditions such as Down syndrome or Turner's syndrome. Notably, nondisjunction contributes to aneuploidy, which is characterized by a change in the number of chromosomes in the cells. This results in the deviation from the normal diploid number and can potentially lead to numerous genetic disorders.
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If a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis contains 16 chromatids, and a germ-line cell from this species divides by meiosis, then at the end of meiosis I (including the first cytokinesis) each cell will contain _
Answer:
8 chromatids
Explanation:
Meiosis is a kind of division that produces offsprings with their chromosomal number reduced by half. It occurs in a two-step division i.e. meiosis I and II. In meiosis I, homologous chromosomes (similar but non-identical chromosomes received from each parent) separate.
Hence, in this case involving a somatic cell with 16 chromatids. This means that it possesses 8 chromosomes since each chromosome comprises of two sister chromatids. During Anaphase 1 of meiosis 1, each homologous chromosome separate into opposite poles of the cell, and after cytokinesis, there would be 4 chromosomes (8 chromatids) in each cell.
These chromatids will separate in meiosis II.
A-B binds specifically to neurons and blocks protein synthesis to kill the nerve cells. A'-B' binds specifically to intestinal epithelial cells and blocks Na2 uptake to cause diarrhea. What would injection of a hybrid toxin, A'-B, into an animal do to its muscle cells
Answer:
it will have no effects.
Explanation:
A'-B' will produce no effects because the receptor sites to which the hybrid A-B' is specific to is lacking in muscles cells, only present in epithelial cells .Therefore the hybrid A-B' will not be able to bind and this will not affect influx of sodium ions for depolarization.
Generally, A-B toxins are protein complexes, produced by bacteria which are pathogenic to the host. The A-represent separate components, while the B represent another components.Thus the two-components proteins, interacts to produce negative effect in the host.The A -components represent the active form, while the B-components represent the binding site.
In this present scenario, the binding site in the muscles cells specific for the A-B'to bind to is missing, therefore the toxin produces no effects and no change in internal functions of the muscle cells.
A college student has just learned that her latest Papanicolaou test revealed atypical cells, a fact that has resulted in stress and an accompanying release of angiotensin II. How would the effects of this hormone be objectively manifested?
Answer:
The correct answer is : increased blood pressure.
Explanation:
The renin-angiotensin system in the regulation of blood pressure. Angiostensin II is the principle hormone in the renin angiotensin system that leads to the vasoconstriction and elevation of water retention and sodium which finally leads to the high blood pressure.
RAAS is the system initiate in stress as it promotes oxidative stress in the brain. Angiotensin 2 ultimately increasing sympathetic outflow and increase to high blood pressure.
Thus, the correct answer is - increased blood pressure.