How reactive is an atom of Sodium(Na) and why?

Magnesium has atomic number as 12. The complete electron configuration will be as [tex] 1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}[/tex].

which can be abbreviated as[tex][Ne] 3s^{2}[/tex] as the electron configuration resembles to that of neon element.

In the outermost shell the electron in 3 s orbital is only 2. So, therefore 3 is the orbital of S and there are 2 electrons in it.

The gas mixture before the addition of argon contained 1.78 moles of O2. This is calculated by first determining the combined moles of O2 and N2 using the pressure increase upon addition of argon and the information that the pressure due to moles of a gas is directly proportional to its mole count. Having the total moles, we then take the 2/3 share for O2 as stated in the problem.

We're dealing with a gas mixture where the total pressure of the mixture depends on the moles of each gas present. According to the ideal gas law, the total pressure exerted by the mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each gas, with each partial pressure corresponding to the number of moles of that gas.

When the 0.200 mol of argon is added, the pressure of the gas mixture increases from 0.800 atm to 1.10 atm, a change of 0.30 atm. This change is due to the argon added, so it means that 0.200 mol of gas contributes to a pressure of 0.30 atm.

Given that 0.200 mol of argon contributes 0.30 atm pressure, and considering that initially the mixture had a pressure of 0.800 atm, we can infer that the total moles of oxygen and nitrogen before the argon addition was (0.800 atm ÷ 0.30 atm/mol) = 2.67 mol. Since the problem outlines that the gas mixture contains twice as many moles of O2 as N2, therefore the number of moles of O2 is 2/3 of the total original moles, which is (2/3 x 2.67 mol) = 1.78 mol O2.

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To find the resulting pressure, use the ideal gas law equation P1V1 + P2V2 = (n1 + n2)RT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature. Plug in the given values and solve for (n1 + n2). Divide the total number of moles by the total volume to find the resulting pressure.

In order to find the resulting pressure, you need to use the ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT. Since the containers are allowed to mix and there is no change in volume, the equation becomes P1V1 + P2V2 = (n1 + n2)RT. Plugging in the given values, we have (2.30 atm)(767 ml) + (4.20 atm)(164 ml) = (n1 + n2)(0.0821 atm L/mol K)(273 K). Solve for (n1 + n2) to find the total number of moles and then divide by the total volume to find the resulting pressure.

A silver electrode can be used as an indicator for Ag and halides due to silver's ability to participate in different reactions, such as forming solid silver chloride from dissolved chloride and silver ions, and forming complex ions with ammonia.

A silver electrode can be used as an indicator electrode for silver (Ag) and halides due to the specific chemistry involved with silver and halide compounds.

When used as a cathode in an electrochemical cell, the reaction Ag+ (aq) + e¯ -> Ag(s) occurs, with the net result being the transfer of silver metal from the anode to the cathode.

In a solution containing halides, solid silver chloride (AgCl) can be formed from dissolved chloride and silver ions, as indicated by the net equation: Cl(aq) + Ag+ (aq) -> AgCl(s). The dissolution of silver chloride can also produce free Ag+ ions, which can form complex ions with ammonia, effectively reducing the concentration of free Ag+ ions in the solution.

In conclusion, the ability of silver to participate in these different reactions makes it a useful indicator electrode in the detection of silver ions and halides in a solution.

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To completely react with 30.0 g of MnO2, 107.92 g of aluminum is required.

To determine the mass of aluminum required to completely react with 30.0 g of MnO2, we need to use the balanced chemical equation and the molar mass of MnO2. In the balanced equation, the coefficient of MnO2 is 3, which means that 3 moles of MnO2 react with 4 moles of Al.

First, calculate the molar mass of MnO2:

Next, convert 30.0 g of MnO2 to moles:

Using the mole ratio from the balanced equation, we can calculate the moles of Al required:

Finally, convert moles of Al to mass:

The mass of aluminum required to completely react with 30.0 g of MnO2 is 107.92 g.

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To completely react with 30.0 g of MnO2, 12.4 g of Al is required.

To determine the mass of aluminum required to completely react with 30.0 g of MnO2, we need to use the balanced equation for the reaction:

3MnO2 + 4Al -> 3Mn + 2Al2O3

From the equation, we can see that the mole ratio of MnO2 to Al is 3:4. We can use this ratio to calculate the mass of Al.

First, convert the mass of MnO2 to moles using its molar mass. Then, use the mole ratio to find the moles of Al. Finally, convert the moles of Al back to mass using its molar mass.

Let's calculate:

Therefore, 12.4 grams of Al are required to completely react with 30.0 grams of MnO2.

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Answer: Option (a) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

A compound formed by sharing of electrons is known as a covalent compound.

A covalent compound has weak intermolecular forces due to which it is brittle in nature. Hence, when we hit hammer on a covalent compound then it breaks easily.

Thus, we can conclude that when a hammer strikes a compound formed by covalent bonds, then most likely it will break into many pieces.

Answer:

option A.

Explanation:

have a good day.

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Answer is: 100.72 grams of calcium fluoride.

Balanced chemical reactions:

1) CaF₂ + H₂SO₄ → 2HF + CaSO₄.

2) 2HF → F₂ + H₂.

1) From chemical reaction 2: n(F₂) : n(HF) = 1 : 2.

n(HF) = 2 · 1.29 mol.

n(HF) = 2.58 mol.

2) From chemical reaction 1: n(HF) : n(CaF₂) = 2 : 1.

n(CaF₂) = 2.58 mol ÷ 2.

n(CaF₂) = 1.29 mol; amount of substance.

m(CaF₂) = n(CaF₂) · M(CaF₂).

m(CaF₂) = 1.29 mol · 78.08 g/mol.

m(CaF₂) = 100.72 g.

HClO₄ has a higher [H⁺] than HClO (0.100 M vs. 5.4 × 10⁻⁵ M).

HClO₄ has a lower pH than HClO (1.00 vs. 4.3).

HClO₄ is a strong acid. Thus, of HClO₄ is 0.100 M, H⁺ will be 0.100 M as well. We can use this value to calculate the pH for this acid.

pH = -log [H⁺] = -log 0.100 = 1.00

HClO is a weak acid. Thus, [H⁺] ≠ [HClO]. Given the acid dissociation constant (Ka) and the concentration of the acid (Ca), we can calculate [H⁺]  and pH using the following expressions.

[tex][H^{+} ] = \sqrt{Ca \times Ka } = \sqrt{0.100 \times (2.9 \times 10^{-8} ) } = 5.4 \times 10^{-5} \\\\pH = -log 5.4 \times 10^{-5} = 4.3[/tex]

HClO₄ has a higher [H⁺] than HClO (0.100 M vs. 5.4 × 10⁻⁵ M).

HClO₄ has a lower pH than HClO (1.00 vs. 4.3).

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The correct answer is D. Gravity pulled particles of dust and gas together to form planets.

Explanation:

Gravity is a force of attraction that acts in all universe, and makes objects with more matter attract objects with less matter. This force played an important role in the formation of our solar system. Because it is believed after the big bang occurred, there was a massive cloud of dust, gas, and particles (nebula) and due to the force exerted by gravity, these particles were pulled together forming clumps of different sizes and characteristics that were later the planets, moons and other structures that remain until today. Also due to the force of gravity the sun was formed and planets orbit around it. According to this, the role of gravity in the formation of our solar system was gravity pulled particles of dust and gas together to form planets.

When a non-metal atom becomes an anion, the addition of electrons increases electron-electron repulsion, causing the size of the atom to increase. Option B. it increases is correct option.

When a non-metal atom becomes an anion, it gains one or more electrons. Since electrons are negatively charged and repel each other, adding more electrons causes an increase in electron-electron repulsion. This increased repulsion causes the electron cloud to expand, resulting in the size of the atom increasing.

The correct answer is B. it increases.

Answer:

hope this helps

Explanation:The earth’s inner core is a solid ball of iron, nickel and other metals, while the outer core is liquid metal composed of iron and nickel as well. The temperature of the inner core is estimated to be about 5,400 degrees C or 9,800 degrees F, far beyond iron’s melting point.                                                                            

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Answer:

Newton is the unit of force, abbreviated as "N"

Explanation:

Let us understand the given units:

a) m/s: it is meter per second. It is SI unit of speed or velocity.

b) m/s: it is meter per second square. It is SI unit of acceleration (velocity per second).

c) N : it is unit of force. It stands for Newton.It is equal to 1 kilogram meter per second squared.

d) N/s: it is newton per second. It is unit of momentum.

To determine the element, the mass in grams is converted to atomic mass units using the known mass of an atomic mass unit. The calculated atomic mass matches the approximate atomic masses of elements like Neon or Calcium. However, a precise identification may require isotopic composition.

The student is asking about the identity of an element based on a given mass and number of atoms. To find the answer, we use the concept of atomic mass units (u) and Avogadro's number. The mass of a single atomic mass unit is 1.661 × 10-24 grams. With 2.5 million atoms having a mass of 8.33 × 10-16 grams, we can calculate the average atomic mass of an individual atom.

First, we divide the total mass by the number of atoms:

8.33 × 10-16 g / 2.5 million atoms = 3.332 × 10-22 g/atom.

Next, we convert this mass into atomic mass units by dividing by the mass of one atomic mass unit:

3.332 × 10-22 g/atom / 1.661 × 10-24 g/u = 20.04 u/atom.

This calculated value can be compared to the atomic mass or atomic weight of elements listed in the periodic table to identify the element. The mass is approximately 20 u, which suggests the element could be Neon (Ne) with an atomic mass of approximately 20.18 u or Calcium (Ca) with an atomic mass of 40.08 u considering the natural abundance of isotopes. For a more precise identification, additional information such as isotopic composition would be needed.

Ignition transformers use electromagnetic induction to convert low voltage into high voltage for igniting fuel, whereas solid state igniters use semiconductor electronics for the same purpose. Solid state igniters are typically more reliable and longer-lasting as they have no moving parts. The key differences lie in their underlying technologies and operational principles.

Differences Between an Ignition Transformer and a Solid State Igniter

Both ignition transformers and solid state igniters are crucial components in ignition systems, but they operate differently.

Ignition Transformer

An ignition transformer is a type of step-up transformer. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction to convert a low-voltage electrical input into a high-voltage output needed to ignite a fuel source. Usually, it steps up a 120V input to thousands of volts. This high voltage creates a spark across the electrodes in a burner or engine ignition system, igniting the fuel-air mixture.

For example, the ignition circuit of an automobile which is powered by a 12V battery uses an ignition transformer to generate the large voltages necessary for spark plugs.

Solid State Igniter

In contrast, a solid state igniter uses semiconductor technology to create high-voltage discharges. It uses electronic components such as transistors and capacitors to generate these voltages without moving parts. Solid state igniters are often more reliable and have a longer lifespan compared to traditional ignition transformers as they don't rely on coil-based mechanics.

Key Differences

To begin with the Lewis dot structure,

[tex]**\\ **Se^{2-} **\\ **[/tex]

Thus, the structure has 8 electrons represented by *.

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The reaction between ethyl iodide and sodium acetate is a substitution reaction, likely involving an SN2 (nucleophilic substitution bimolecular) mechanism.

In the transition state for an SN2 reaction, the nucleophile (acetate ion) is attacking the substrate (ethyl iodide) from the backside, leading to inversion of configuration. The reaction between ethyl iodide and sodium acetate is a substitution reaction, with an SN2 (nucleophilic substitution bimolecular) mechanism most likely at work.

In the transition state:

The leaving group (iodide in this case) is partially leaving.

The nucleophile (acetate ion) is partially bonded to the carbon, approaching from the backside.

The carbon undergoing substitution is in a tetrahedral arrangement with the nucleophile, the leaving group, and two other substituents.

Answer : The molarity of the [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] is, 0.06211 M

Explanation :

Using neutralization law,

[tex]n_1M_1V_1=n_2M_2V_2[/tex]

where,

[tex]n_1[/tex] = basicity of an acid [tex](H_2SO_4)[/tex] = 2

[tex]n_2[/tex] = acidity of a base [tex](NaOH)[/tex] = 1

[tex]M_1[/tex] = concentration or molarity of [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] = ?

[tex]M_2[/tex] = concentration of NaOH = 0.1650 M

[tex]V_1[/tex] = volume of [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] = 35.00 mL

[tex]V_2[/tex] = volume of NaOH = 26.35 mL

Now put all the given values in the above law, we get the concentration of the [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex].

[tex]2\times M_1\times 35.00mL=1\times 0.1650M\times 26.35mL[/tex]

[tex]M_1=0.06211M[/tex]

Therefore, the molarity of the [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] is, 0.06211 M

The molarity of the sulfuric acid solution is calculated using the volume and molarity of a sodium hydroxide solution used in titration. After determining the moles of NaOH and using the stoichiometric relationship, we find the moles of H₂SO₄ and divide by the volume of the acid solution to get the molarity, which is approximately 0.0621 M.

To determine the molarity of the sulfuric acid solution, we'll need to use the concept of titration and the stoichiometry of the reaction that occurs between sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Here's the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:

H₂SO₄ (aq) + 2NaOH(aq) → Na₂SO₄ (aq) + 2H₂O (l)

According to the equation, one mole of H₂SO₄ reacts with two moles of NaOH. First, we calculate the moles of NaOH used:

Since the molar ratio of NaOH to H₂SO₄ is 2:1, we divide the moles of NaOH by 2 to get the moles of H₂SO₄:

Finally, we calculate the molarity of the H₂SO₄:

Therefore, the molarity of the acid solution is approximately 0.0621 M.

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Answer: C

Explanation:

The solubility  Barium chromate in grams per liter = 2.78 . 10⁻³ grams/L

359 liters of water are required to dissolve 1.00 g of Barium chromate

Solubility is the maximum amount of a substance that can dissolve in some solvents. Factors that affect solubility

Ksp is an ion product in equilibrium

Solubility relationships and solubility constants (Ksp) of the AxBa solution can be stated as follows.

AₓBₐ (s) ← ⎯⎯⎯⎯ → x Aᵃ⁺ (aq) + a Bˣ⁻ (aq)

s                             xs               as

Ksp = [Aᵃ⁺] ˣ [Bˣ⁻] ᵃ

Ksp = (xs) ˣ (as) ᵃ

Solubility units in the form of mol / liter or gram / liter

At 25.°C, the molar solubility of Barium chromate  BaCrO₄ in water is 1.10. 10⁻⁵M.

to change units to grams / liter, we multiply by molar mass:

M BaCrO₄ = Ba + Cr + 4. Ar O

M BaCrO₄ = 137 + 52 + 4.16

M BaCrO₄ = 253

So the solubility is in grams / liter

= 1.10 . 10⁻⁵ mol / liter x 253 grams / mol

=  278.3 .10⁻⁵ = 2.78 . 10⁻³ grams/L

(3 significant numbers, 2.7 and 8)

If we dissolve 1 gram of Barium chromate into the solution, we need water :

= 1 grams / 2.78 . 10⁻³ grams / liter

= 359 liters

(3 significant numbers, 3.5 and 9)

the rate of solubility

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Keywords: solubility, silver chromate, a significant number