Answer:
The answer to your question is 0.33 liters
Explanation:
Data
Volume = ?
Molarity = 1.5 M
number of moles = 0.5
Formula
[tex]Molarity = \frac{number of moles }{volume}[/tex]
Solve for V
[tex]Volume = \frac{number of moles}{molarity}[/tex]
Substitution
[tex]Volume = \frac{0.5}{1.5}[/tex]
Simplification and result
Volume = 0.33 l
An 84-mg sample of a compound is found to contain 36 mg of carbon, 3 mg of hydrogen, 21 mg of nitrogen, and 24 mg of oxygen. If the compound has a molecular weight of 112 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?
Answer:
The molecular formula of this compound is C4H4N2O2
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Mass of the compound = 84 mg
The compound contains:
36 mg of Carbon
3 mg of hydrogen
21 mg of nitrogen
24 mg of oxygen
Molar mass of carbon = 12.01 g/mol
Molar mass of hydrogen = 1.01 g/mol
Molar mass of nitrogen = 14 g/mol
Molar mass of oxygen = 16 g/mol
Step 2: Calculate number of moles
Moles = mass / molar mass
Moles of carbon = 0.036 g/ 12.01 g/mol = 0.003 moles
Moles of hydrogen = 0.003 g/ 1.01 g/mol = 0.003 moles
Moles of nitrogen = 0.021 g/ 14 g/mol = 0.0015 moles
Moles of oxygen = 0.024 g/ 16 g/mol = 0.0015 moles
Step 3: Calculate mol ratio
We divide by the smallest amount of moles
C: 0.003 / 0.0015 = 2
H: 0.003 / 0.0015 = 2
N = 0.0015/0.0015 = 1
O = 0.0015/0.0015 = 1
The empirical formula is C2H2NO
The molecular mass of this empirical formula is 56 g/mol
Step 4: Calculate the molecular formula
We have to multiply the empirical formula by n
n = 112 g/mol / 56g/mol = 2
We have to multiply the empirical formula by 2
Molecular formula = 2*(C2H2NO) = C4H4N2O2
The molecular formula of this compound is C4H4N2O2
In acetyl CoA formation, the carbon-containing compound from glycolysis is oxidized to produce acetyl CoA. From the following compounds involved in cellular respiration, choose those that are the net inputs and net outputs of acetyl CoA formation.
Answer:
- Net Input: NAD⁺, coenzyme A, pyruvate
- Net Output: NADH, acetyl CoA, CO₂
- Not input or output: O₂, ADP, glucose and ATP
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, it is important to recall that acetyl-CoA is produced either by oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate derived from glycolysis, which is carried out into the mitochondrial matrix, by cause of the oxidation of high-order fatty acids, or by oxidative degradation of very specific amino acids. Acetyl-CoA then enters in the citric acid cycle where it is oxidized in the light of energy production.
In this manner, during such processes, there are some net inputs and outputs, therefore, they are sorted as show below, considering there some of them not classified neither as input nor output:
- Net Input: NAD⁺, coenzyme A, pyruvate
- Net Output: NADH, acetyl CoA, CO₂
- Not input or output: O₂, ADP, glucose and ATP
Best regards.
What is the balanced equation for alpha decay?
Answer:
₉₂U²³⁸ → ₉₀Th²³⁴ + ₂He⁴ + energy
Explanation:
Alpha decay:
Alpha radiations are emitted as a result of radioactive decay. The atom emit the alpha particles consist of two proton and two neutrons. Which is also called helium nuclei. When atom undergoes the alpha emission the original atom convert into the atom having mass number less than 4 and atomic number less than 2 as compared to parent atom the starting atom.
Properties of alpha radiation:
Alpha radiations can travel in a short distance.
These radiations can not penetrate into the skin or clothes.
These radiations can be harmful for the human if these are inhaled.
These radiations can be stopped by a piece of paper.
₉₂U²³⁸ → ₉₀Th²³⁴ + ₂He⁴ + energy
Phosgene, COCl2, gained notoriety as a chemical weapon in World War I. Phosgene is produced by the reaction of carbon monoxide with chlorine, CO(g) Cl2(g) <-------> COCl2(g) The value of Kc for this reaction is 5.79 at 570 K. What are the equilibrium partial pressures of the three gases if a reaction vessel initially contains a mixture of the reactants in which PCO?
The question is incomplete, here is the complete question:
Phosgene, [tex]COCl_2[/tex], gained notoriety as a chemical weapon in World War I. Phosgene is produced by the reaction of carbon monoxide with chlorine:
[tex]CO(g)+Cl_2(g)\rightleftharpoons COCl_2(g)[/tex]
The value of [tex]K_c[/tex] for this reaction is 5.79 at 570 K. What are the equilibrium partial pressures of the three gases if a reaction vessel initially contains a mixture of the reactants in which [tex]p_{CO}=p_{Cl_2}=0.265atm[/tex] and [tex]p_{COCl_2}=0.000atm[/tex] ?
Answer: The equilibrium partial pressure of CO, [tex]Cl_2\text{ and }COCl_2[/tex] is 0.257 atm, 0.257 atm and 0.008 atm respectively.
Explanation:
The relation of [tex]K_c\text{ and }K_p[/tex] is given by:
[tex]K_p=K_c(RT)^{\Delta n_g}[/tex]
[tex]K_p[/tex] = Equilibrium constant in terms of partial pressure
[tex]K_c[/tex] = Equilibrium constant in terms of concentration = 5.79
[tex]\Delta n_g[/tex] = Difference between gaseous moles on product side and reactant side = [tex]n_{g,p}-n_{g,r}=1-2=-1[/tex]
R = Gas constant = [tex]0.0821\text{ L. atm }mol^{-1}K^{-1}[/tex]
T = Temperature = 570 K
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]K_p=5.79\times (0.0821\times 570)^{-1}\\\\K_p=0.124[/tex]
We are given:
Initial partial pressure of CO = 0.265 atm
Initial partial pressure of chlorine gas = 0.265 atm
Initial partial pressure of phosgene = 0.00 atm
The given chemical equation follows:
[tex]CO(g)+Cl_2(g)\rightleftharpoons COCl_2(g)[/tex]
Initial: 0.265 0.265
At eqllm: 0.265-x 0.265-x x
The expression of [tex]K_p[/tex] for above equation follows:
[tex]K_p=\frac{p_{COCl_2}}{p_{CO}\times p_{Cl_2}}[/tex]
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]0.124=\frac{x}{(0.265-x)\times (0.265-x)}\\\\x=0.0082,8.59[/tex]
Neglecting the value of x = 8.59 because equilibrium partial pressure cannot be greater than initial pressure
So, the equilibrium partial pressure of CO = [tex](0.265-x)=(0.265-0.008)=0.257atm[/tex]
The equilibrium partial pressure of [tex]Cl_2=(0.265-x)=(0.265-0.008)=0.257atm[/tex]
The equilibrium partial pressure of [tex]COCl_2=x=0.008atm[/tex]
Hence, the equilibrium partial pressure of CO, [tex]Cl_2\text{ and }COCl_2[/tex] is 0.257 atm, 0.257 atm and 0.008 atm respectively.
The equilibrium partial pressures of CO, Cl2, and COCl2 are 5.79 atm, 5.79 atm, and 0.10 atm, respectively.
Explanation:The equilibrium partial pressures of the three gases can be determined using the equilibrium expression and the given information. The equilibrium expression for the phosgene-forming reaction is:
PCOCl2 = (PCO * PCl2) / PCOCl2,eq
Given that the equilibrium constant (Kc) is 5.79, the equilibrium partial pressures can be calculated as follows:
PCO = (PCOCl2,eq / PCl2) * Kc
PCl2 = (PCOCl2,eq / PCO) * Kc
Substituting the given information:
PCO = (0.10 atm / 0.10 atm) * 5.79 = 5.79 atm
PCl2 = (0.10 atm / 0.10 atm) * 5.79 = 5.79 atm
PCOCl2,eq = 0.10 atm
The equilibrium partial pressures of CO, Cl2, and COCl2 are 5.79 atm, 5.79 atm, and 0.10 atm, respectively.
Which of the following are molecular solids and which are covalent solids?
1. Se8
2. Hbr
3. Si
4. Co2
5. C
6. P4o6
7. Sih4
Answer:
Covalent solids: Se8, Si, C
Molecular solids: HBr, CO2, P4O6, SiH4
Explanation:
A covalent solid consists only of one type of atom infinitely linked by covalent bonds to form a three dimensional rigid solid while a molecular solid consists of discreet molecules held together by intermolecular forces.
Molecular Solid are Se8 and So.
Covalent Solid are Hbr ,Sih4, Co2, P4O6 and C.
What is Molecular Solid?molecular solid refer to solid that consist of discrete molecules. The corces that bind the molecules together are van der Waals forces, dipole-dipole interactions, quadrupole and so on.
What is Covalent Solid?Covalent Solid refer to solid that the atoms are bonded together by Covalent bonds.
Therefore,
Molecular Solid are Se8 and So.
Covalent Solid are Hbr ,Sih4, Co2, P4O6 and C.
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The following list contains some common radicals. Using the charges on these ions and the idea of valence, predict the formulas for the following:_________.
1. nitrate NO3-1 phosphate PO4-3
2. sulfate SO4-2 acetate C2H3O2-1
3. ammonium NH4+ chromate CrO4-2
4. carbonate CO3-2 dichromate Cr2O7-2
5. permanganate MnO4-1 sulfide S-2
6. sodium carbonate
7. potassium permanganate
1. nitrate [tex]NO_{3} ^{-1}[/tex] : The valency of nitrogen is 5 and oxygen is 2. Therefore, the formula for nitrate is [tex]NO_{3} ^{-1}[/tex]
2. sulfate [tex]SO_{4}^{ -2}[/tex] : The valency of sulfur is 6 and oxygen is 2. Therefore, the formula for sulfate is [tex]SO_{4}^{ -2}[/tex].
3. ammonium [tex]NH_{4} ^+[/tex] : The valency of nitrogen is 5 and hydrogen is 1. Therefore, the formula for ammonium is [tex]NH_{4}^ +.[/tex]
4. carbonate [tex]CO_{3}^{ -2}[/tex] : The valency of carbon is 4 and oxygen is 2. Therefore, the formula for carbonate is [tex]CO_{3}^{ -2}[/tex].
5. permanganate [tex]MnO_{4}^{ -1}[/tex] : The valency of manganese is 7 and oxygen is 2. Therefore, the formula for permanganate is [tex]MnO_{4}^{ -1}.[/tex]
6. sodium carbonate : The formula for sodium carbonate is [tex]Na_{2} CO_{3}[/tex]. Sodium has a valency of 1 and carbonate has a valency of 2.
7. potassium permanganate : The formula for potassium permanganate is [tex]KMnO_{4}[/tex]. Potassium has a valency of 1, manganese has a valency of 7, and oxygen has a valency of 2.
1. For nitrate [tex](NO_{3} ^{-1})[/tex], the charge on the nitrate ion is -1. To determine the formula, we need to balance the charges. Since the nitrate ion has a charge of -1, it will combine with a cation that has a charge of +1. The cation that can balance the charge is sodium [tex](Na^{+1})[/tex]. Therefore, the formula for nitrate is [tex]NaNO_{3}[/tex].
2. For phosphate [tex](PO_{4}^{ -3})[/tex], the charge on the phosphate ion is -3. Again, we need to balance the charges. The cation that can balance the charge is calcium [tex](Ca^{+2})[/tex]. Therefore, the formula for phosphate is [tex]Ca_{3} (PO_{4} )_{2}[/tex].
3. For ammonium [tex]NH_{4} ^+.[/tex], the charge on the ammonium ion is +1. This is a polyatomic ion, meaning it is a group of atoms with an overall charge. The formula for ammonium is [tex]NH_{4} ^+.[/tex]
4. For carbonate [tex](CO_{3} ^{-2})[/tex], the charge on the carbonate ion is -2. The cation that can balance the charge is calcium (Ca+2). Therefore, the formula for carbonate is [tex]CaCO_{3}[/tex].
5. For sulfide [tex](S^{-2})[/tex], the charge on the sulfide ion is -2. The cation that can balance the charge is magnesium [tex](Mg^{+2})[/tex]. Therefore, the formula for sulfide is MgS.
6. Sodium carbonate is a compound formed by the combination of sodium [tex](Na^+)[/tex] and carbonate [tex]((CO_{3}) ^{-2})[/tex] ions. The formula for sodium carbonate is [tex]Na_{2} CO_{3}[/tex].
7. Potassium permanganate is a compound formed by the combination of potassium [tex](K^+)[/tex] and permanganate [tex]MnO_{4} ^{-1}[/tex] ions. The formula for potassium permanganate is [tex]KMnO_{4}[/tex].
for any substance solid liquid or gas mass increases as volume increases because density represnets mass per volume
Answer:
A) False
B) True
Explanation:
The question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows.
There are two statements. Identify which statement is true or false.
A) For any substance, solid, liquid or gas, mass increases as volume increases.
B) Density represents mass per volume.
Statement A
Mass is defined as the amount of matter in an object. Its fixed and can't be changed. Volume on the other hand is the amount of space an object takes up.Since the amount of matter is fixed, an increase in volume doesn't cause an increase in mass. For example, a test tube, with a volume of 10ml, contains liquid fragrance. When heated, the fragrance vaporizes and fill the entire room, until you can smell it in every corner. Note that previously the fragrance of same mass was occupying a 10ml space in the test-tube. After heating, the same mass of fragrance occupied the entire room (volume increased but mass remained constant).
It happened because as the fragrance is heated, the space between molecules increases causing them to occupy more space BUT in the whole scenarios, the number of molecules stayed unaffected. Hence statement A is false.
Statement B
Density measures the compactness of the substance. It's defined as the amount of mass per unit volume. It increases as the atoms/molecules in a substance comes closer. Density of solids are greatest as the atoms/molecules are tightly packed together. It is least in gases as the molecules are far apart from each other. Hence the statement is true.
Identify the type of reaction and then write the formulas for the word equations and then balance each equation.
________ 6. aluminum + chlorine -> aluminum chloride
________ 7. sodium hydroxide + sulfuric acid -> sodium sulfate + water
________ 8. nickel II chlorate -> nickel II chloride + oxygen
________ 9. butane (C4H10) + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
________ 10. zinc + hydrochloric acid -> zinc chloride + hydrogen
Answer:
The answer to your question is below
Explanation:
There are 4 types of chemical reactions:
- Synthesis is when two elements or compounds form only one compound.
- Decomposition is when 1 compound is broken into 2 or more products.
- Single replacement is when one element is replaced by another element.
- Double replacement is when the cations of two compounds are interchanged.
6.- Synthesis Al + 3Cl ⇒ AlCl₃
7.- Double replacement 2NaOH + H₂SO₄ ⇒ Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
8.- Decomposition Ni(ClO₃)₂ ⇒ NiCl₂ + 3O₂
9.- Combustion 2C₄H₁₀ + 13O₂ ⇒ 8CO₂ + 10H₂O
10.- Single replacement Zn + 2HCl ⇒ ZnCl₂ + H₂
Bicarbonate concentrate mixers may have a which are replaced on a routine basic.
A) True
B) False
Answer: True the bicarbonate mixture can help save time and few routine.
Explanation:
For the purpose of making dialysate for hemodialysis patient therapies a bicarbonate mixing and delivering systems designed to prepare a liquid sodium bicarbonate formulation comes in handy.
Certain systems like the SDS unit also allow for the transfer and distribution of acid concentrate solutions. We also provide stand-alone acid concentrate delivery systems using a variety of holding tanks and delivery methods.
A challenge for hemodialysis providers is to properly provide bicarbonate solution in a cost effective manner. Preparation and disinfection can be time-consuming and labor intensive.
Bicarbonate however can corrode certain metals and painted surfaces leaving your preparation area encrusted and grimy.
Furthermore, if not mixed properly, bicarbonate can negatively affect the dialysate solution.
The answer to the above is true the bicarbonate mixture can help save time and few routine.
A myelin sheath is a______.
A. large band of neural fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the brain.
B. fatty tissue layer encasing the axon of a nerve cell.
C. bushy extension of a neuron that conducts impulses toward the cell body.
D. nerve network within the brainstem that controls physical arousal.
Answer:B. Fatty tissue layer encasing the axon of a nerve cell
Explanation: Myelin is an insulating layer that forms around a nerves including those of brain and spinal cord,its is made up if protein and fatty substances.The myelin sheath aids in the quick and efficient transfer of electrical impulses along a nerve cells. Damage to it can slow down the impulse,for example multiple sclerosis diseases.
What molecule is the ultimate source of hydrogen ions that are secreted into the gastric juice?
Answer: carbonic acid
Explanation:
A sample compound contains 5.723g Ag, 0.852g S and 1.695g O. Determine its empirical formula.
Answer:
[tex]Ag_2SO_4[/tex]
Explanation:
Formula for the calculation of no. of Mol is as follows:
[tex]mol=\frac{mass\ (g)}{molecular\ mass}[/tex]
Molecular mass of Ag = 107.87 g/mol
Amount of Ag = 5.723 g
[tex]mol\ of\ Ag=\frac{5.723\ g}{107.87\ g/mol} =0.05305\ mol[/tex]
Molecular mass of S = 32 g/mol
Amount of S = 0.852 g
[tex]mol\ of\ S=\frac{0.852\ g}{32\ g/mol} =0.02657\ mol[/tex]
Molecular mass of O = 16 g/mol
Amount of O = 1.695 g
[tex]mol\ of\ O=\frac{1.695\ g}{16\ g/mol} =0.10594\ mol[/tex]
In order to get integer value, divide mol by smallest no.
Therefore, divide by 0.02657
[tex]Ag, \frac{0.05305}{0.02657} \approx 2[/tex]
[tex]S, \frac{0.02657}{0.02657} \approx 1[/tex]
[tex]O, \frac{0.10594}{0.02657} \approx 4[/tex]
Therefore, empirical formula of the compound = [tex]Ag_2SO_4[/tex]
Answer:
The empirical formula is Ag2SO4
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
A compound contains Ag, S and O
Mass of Ag = 5.723 grams
Mass of S = 0.852 grams
Mass of O = 1.695 grams
Molar mass of Ag = 107.87 g/mol
Molar mass of S = 32.065 g/mol
Molar mass of O = 16 g/mol
Total mass = Mass of Ag + mass of S + mass of O = 5.723g + 0.852g + 1.695g = 8.27 grams
Step 2: Calculate moles
Moles = mass / molar mass
Moles of Ag = 5.723 grams / 107.87 g/mol = 0.05305 moles
Moles S = 0.852 grams / 32.065 g/mol = 0.0266 moles
Moles O = 1.695 grams / 16.00 g/mol = 0.1059 moles
Step 3: Calculate mole ratio
We divide by the smallest amount of moles
Ag: 0.05305/0.0266 = 2
S: 0.0266/0.0266 = 1
O: 0.1059 / 0.0266 = 4
The empirical formula is Ag2SO4
An odorless, colorless, poisonous gas is produced by the incomplete burning of fossil fuels. This gas also interferes with the blood's ability to carry oxygen. What is the name of this air pollutant?
A. asbestos
B. carbon monoxide
C. radon
D. sulfur dioxide
Answer:
B
Explanation:
All the properties listed above is for carbon ii oxide.
It is odorless, colorless and poisonous
It is formed from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels
And it can actually interfere with the blood’s ability to carry oxygen
Yes bottom line it is Carbon Monoxide!!! mine was D though (different verion)
what is the total number of grams of NaOH needed to react completely with 196 grams of H2 SO4? regents
Answer:
160 g
Explanation:
The formula for the calculation of moles is shown below:
[tex]moles = \frac{Mass\ taken}{Molar\ mass}[/tex]
For [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex]:-
Mass of [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] = 196 g
Molar mass of [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] = 98 g/mol
The formula for the calculation of moles is shown below:
[tex]moles = \frac{Mass\ taken}{Molar\ mass}[/tex]
Thus,
[tex]Moles= \frac{196\ g}{98\ g/mol}[/tex]
[tex]Moles\ of\ Sulfuric\ acid= 2\ mol[/tex]
According to the given reaction:
[tex]2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O[/tex]
1 mole of sulfuric acid reacts with 2 moles of NaOH
So,
2 moles of sulfuric acid reacts with 2*2 moles of NaOH
Moles of NaOH must react = 4 moles
Molar mass of NaOH = 40 g/mol
Mass = Moles*molar mass = [tex]4\times 40\ g[/tex] = 160 g
Final answer:
To react completely with 196 grams of H₂SO₄, you would need 80 grams of NaOH. This calculation involves balancing the chemical equation and using stoichiometry.
Explanation:
Step 1: Write and balance the chemical equation:
H₂SO₄ + 2NaOH → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O
Step 2: Calculate the molar mass of NaOH (40 g/mol) and H₂SO₄ (98 g/mol).
Step 3: Use stoichiometry to find the moles of NaOH needed to react completely with 196 grams of H₂SO₄. From the balanced equation, 1 mole of H₂SO₄ reacts with 2 moles of NaOH.
Step 4: Calculate the total number of grams of NaOH needed:
(196 g H₂SO₄) x (1 mol NaOH / 98 g H₂SO₄) x (40 g NaOH / 1 mol NaOH) = 80 grams of NaOH
Rubber is made from long-chain molecules, called polymers, which are normally all scrunched up. When you stretch a rubber band, you _______ the molecules and pull them apart, so the rubber gets longer. When you let go, _______ bonds between the polymers help to snap them back into place. This is what makes an elastic material such as rubber (one that returns to its original shape and size) different from a plastic material (one that changes shape but doesn't go back exactly to how it was), which includes most metals as well as most plastics.
A) break; ionic
B) weaken; polar
C) bend; covalent
D) straighten; cross-link
Answer:
Rubber is made from long-chain molecules, called polymers, which are normally all scrunched up. When you stretch a rubber band, you straighten the molecules and pull them apart, so the rubber gets longer. When you let go, cross-link bonds between the polymers help to snap them back into place. This is what makes an elastic material such as rubber (one that returns to its original shape and size) different from a plastic material (one that changes shape but doesn't go back exactly to how it was), which includes most metals as well as most plastics.
Explanation:
Rubber is made of polymers. When the elastic band is at rest, the molecules are entangled with each other and do not have a particular direction, but when the elastic is stretched, they all align. The molecules of the polymer are not stretched, they are aligned in a different way. Therefore, there is no difference in energy, but there is a difference in entropy. When the elastic band is released, all the polymers are randomly agitated by thermal movement, and lose their alignment, so they return to the tangled state, causing the elastic to contract. This is known as entropic force.
Final answer:
When you stretch a rubber band, you straighten the molecules and pull them apart, so the rubber gets longer. When you let go, cross-link bonds between the polymers help to snap them back into place.
Explanation:
Rubber bands stretch by straightening molecules and snapping back due to cross-link bonds, characteristics unique to polymers. Polymer chains' conformational changes give flexibility and the ability to return to the original shape, influenced by factors like chain length and side groups.
The long-chain structure of polymers makes them behave differently from other materials. These chains can undergo conformational change, providing flexibility and the ability to return to their original shape. The physical properties of a polymer depend on factors like chain length, side groups, branching, and cross-linking, impacting its strength and flexibility.
What is a common property of metals? a) insulates from electricity b) conducts electricity c) has very little reactivity' d) is liquid at room temperature
Answer:
B) conducts electricity
Explanation:
This answer can be answered by the process of elimination. Metals are excellent conductors of electricity, which means A is out, and metals are also known to have medium reactivity and have high melting points, meaning C and D are also out.
According to the concept of conduction, the common property of metals is that they conduct electricity .
What is conduction?Conduction is defined as a process as a means of which heat is transferred from the hotter end of the body to it's cooler end.Heat flows spontaneously from a body which is hot to a body which is cold.
In the process of conduction,heat flow is within the body and through itself.In solids the conduction of heat is due to the vibrations and collisions of molecules while in liquids and gases it is due to the random motion of the molecules .
When conduction takes place, heat is usually transferred from one molecule to another as they are in direct contact with each other.There are 2 types of conduction:1) steady state conduction 2) transient conduction.According to the type of energy conduction is of three types:
1) heat conduction
2) electrical conduction
3)sound conduction
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The same amount of energy is required to remove each electron sequentially from an atom.
A. TrueB. False
Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, in chemistry, the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule.
The statement is false because the energy required to remove each subsequent electron from an atom increases due to the increasing electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nucleus and the remaining electrons, making successive ionization energies higher.
The statement that "the same amount of energy is required to remove each electron sequentially from an atom" is false. The process of removing electrons from an atom is called ionization, and the energy required to do so is termed ionization energy. Initially, removing an electron from a neutral atom requires a certain amount of energy.
However, as electrons are removed, the atom becomes more positively charged, increasing the electrostatic attraction between the remaining electrons and the nucleus. This makes each successive electron harder to remove, and hence, requires more energy. Such an increase in ionization energy is evident when comparing the first, second, and subsequent ionization energies of an atom.
Newly formed cations (positively charged ions) hold onto their remaining electrons more tightly than the neutral atom did, which clearly illustrates why successive ionization energies increase. This is further emphasized when attempting to remove core electrons after the valence electrons have been removed, which requires significantly more energy due to the stronger electrostatic attraction to the nucleus.
What is the melting point of a 3L aqueous solution that contains 100g of MgCl2? kf H2O=1.86 rhoH2O=1gmL
Answer:
Melting point of aqueous solution = -10.32 °C
Explanation:
[tex]\Delta T_f=i \times k_f \times m[/tex]
Where,
ΔT_f = Depression in freezing point
k_f = molal depression constant
m = molality
Formula for the calculation of molality is as follows:
[tex]m=\frac{Mass\ of\ solute\ (kg)}{molecular\ mass\ of\ solute \times mass\ of\ solvent}[/tex]
density of water = 1 g/mL
density = mass/volume
Therefore,
mass = density × volume
volume = 3 L = 3000 mL
Mass of water = 1 g/mL × 3000 mL
= 3000 g
[tex]Molality(m)=\frac{100\times1000}{18\times 3000} \\=1.85\ m[/tex]
van't Hoff factor (i) for MgCl2 = 3
Substitute the values in the equation (1) to calculate depression in freezing point as follows:
[tex]\Delta T_f=i \times k_f \times m\\=3\times 1.86 \times 1.85\\=10.32\ °C[/tex]
Melting point of aqueous solution = 0 °C - 10.32 °C
= -10.32 °C
Answer:
The melting point of the solution is - 1.953 °C
Explanation:
In an ideal solution, the freezing point depression is computed as follows:
[tex]ΔT_f = k_f \times b \times i [/tex]
where:
[tex]ΔT_f[/tex] is the freezing-point depression
[tex]k_f[/tex] is the cryoscopic constant, in this case is equal to 1.86
b is the molality of the solution
i is the van't Hoff factor, number of ion particles per individual molecule of solute, in this case is equal to 3
Molality is defined as follows:
b = moles of solute/kg of solvent
Moles of solute is calculated as follows:
moles of solute = mass of solute/molecular weight of solute
In this case there are 100 g of solute and its molecular weight is 35.5*2 + 24 = 95 g/mole. So, the moles are:
moles of solute = 100 g/(95 g/mol) = 1.05 moles
The mass of solvent is computed as follows:
mass of solvent = density of solvent * Volume of solvent
Replacing with the data of the problem we get:
mass of solvent = 1 kg/L*3 L = 3 kg
Finally, the molality of the solution is:
b = 1.05/3 = 0.35 mol/kg
Then, the freezing-point depression is:
[tex]ΔT_f = 1.86 \times 0.35 \times 3 [/tex]
[tex]ΔT_f = 1.953 C[/tex]
The freezing-point depression is the difference between the melting point of the pure solvent (here water) and the melting point of the solution. We know that the the melting point of water is 0 °C, then:
melting point of water - melting point of the solution = 1.953 °C
melting point of the solution = 0 °C - 1.953 °C = - 1.953 °C
Use the following information to determine the empirical formula if a compound is found to have 18.7% Li, 16.3% C, and 65.5% O Answer questions 4-6 with this data
Answer:
The empirical formula is Li2CO3
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Suppose the mass of the compound = 100 grams
The compound contains :
18.7% Li = 18.7 grams of Li
16.3 % C = 16.3 grams of C
65.0% O = 65.0 grams of O
Total = 100%
Molar mass of Li = 6.94 g/mol
Molar mass of C = 12.01 g/mol
Molar mass of O = 16 g/mol
Step 2: Calculate moles
Moles = Mass / molar mass
Moles Li = 18.7 grams / 6.94 g/mol = 2.65 moles
Moles C = 16.3 grams / 12.01 = 1.36 moles
Moles O = 65.0 grams / 16.0 g/mol = 4.06 moles
Step 3: Calculate the mol ratio
We divide by the smallest number of moles
Li: 2.65/1.36 ≈ 2
C: 1.36/1.36 = 1
O: 4.06/1.36 ≈ 3
The empirical formula is Li2CO3
A 300-g aluminum cup contains 700 g of water in thermal equilibrium with the cup at 60°C. The combination of cup and water is cooled uniformly so that the temperature decreases by 2.2°C per minute. At what rate is energy being removed? Express your answer in watts.
Answer:
117.3 W is being removed.
Explanation:
The heat removed can be calculated as:
Q = m*c*ΔT
Where m is the mass, c is the specific heat and ΔT is the temperature variation. Because there're two components:
Q = mwater*cwater*ΔT + maluminum*caluminum*ΔT
Q = (mwater*cwater + maluminum*caluminum)*ΔT
Searching in a thermodynamic table:
cwater = 4.184 J/g°C
caluminium = 0.9 J/g°C
In 1 minute, the temperature decreases 2.2°C, so ΔT = -2.2°C
Q = (700*4.184 + 300*0.9) * (-2.2)
Q = -7037.36 J
The rate of energy is the potency (P), which is the heat divided by the time. So, for 1 minute (60 s):
P = -7037.36/60
P = -117.3 J/s
P = -117.3 W
The minus signal indicates that the energy is being removed.
A 0.20 mol sample of MgCl2(s) and a 0.10 mol sample of KCl(s) are dissolved in water and diluted to 500 mL. What is the concentration of Cl- in the solution?
Answer:
1 M
Explanation:
Magnesium chloride will furnish chloride ions as:
[tex]MgCl_2\rightarrow Mg^{2+}+2Cl^-[/tex]
Given :
Moles of magnesium chloride = 0.20 mol
Thus, moles of chlorine furnished by magnesium chloride is twice the moles of magnesium chloride as shown below:
[tex]Moles =2\times 0.20\ moles[/tex]
Moles of chloride ions by magnesium chloride = 0.40 moles
Potassium chloride will furnish chloride ions as:
[tex]KCl\rightarrow K^{+}+Cl^-[/tex]
Given :
Moles of potassium chloride = 0.10 moles
Thus, moles of chlorine furnished by potassium chloride is same as the moles of potassium chloride as shown below:
Moles of chloride ions by potassium chloride = 0.10 moles
Total moles = 0.40 + 0.10 moles = 0.50 moles
Given, Volume = 500 mL = 0.5 L (1 mL = 10⁻³ L)
Concentration of chloride ions is:
[tex]Molarity=\frac{Moles\ of\ solute}{Volume\ of\ the\ solution}[/tex]
[tex]Molarity_{Cl^-}=\frac{0.50}{0.5}[/tex]
The final concentration of chloride anion = 1 M
The concentration of the chloride ion, Cl¯ in the solution is 1 M
To obtain the answer to the question given above, we'll begin by calculating the number of mole of chloride ion, Cl¯ produced by each compound in the solution. This can be obtained as follow:
For MgCl₂:MgCl₂(aq) —> Mg²⁺(aq) + 2Cl¯(aq)
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of MgCl₂ produced 2 moles of Cl¯.
Therefore, 0.2 mole of MgCl₂ will produce = 0.2 × 2 = 0.4 mole of Cl¯
For KCl:KCl(aq) —> K⁺(aq) + Cl¯(aq)
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of KCl produced 1 mole of Cl¯
Therefore,
0.1 mole of KCl will also produce 0.1 mole of Cl¯.
Next, we shall determine the total mole of Cl¯ in the solution.
Mole of Cl¯ from MgCl₂ = 0.4 mole
Mole of Cl¯ from KCl = 0.1 mole
Total mole of Cl¯ =?Total mole of Cl¯ = 0.4 + 0.1
Total mole of Cl¯ = 0.5 moleFinally, we shall determine the concentration of Cl¯ in the solution.
Total mole of Cl¯ = 0.5 mole
Volume = 500 mL = 500 / 1000 = 0.5 L
Concentration of Cl¯ =?Concentration = mole / Volume
Concentration of Cl¯ = 0.5 / 0.5
Concentration of Cl¯ = 1 MTherefore, the concentration of Cl¯ in the solution is 1 M
Learn more: https://brainly.com/question/14314770
The product of the reaction between the following substances was treated with h2o. Draw the final product.
Answer:
See explanation and picture
Explanation:
Question is incomplete, however, I found this question on several sites and most of them, have the same substances, so I'm gonna do it with that example to give you a hint of how to do it with yours, in case, it's a different substance.
First, we have a ketone and another substance, with MgCl. This is tipically the Grignard reagent, and this is often used to produce a tertiary alcohol.
The mechanism and final product is the following (See attached picture).
When a reaction product is treated with water, different outcomes can occur such as acid-base reactions, hydrolysis reactions, or precipitation reactions. The specific product depends on the reactants and reaction conditions.
Explanation:The final product of the reaction is:Without knowing the specific reactants, it is difficult to provide a detailed answer. In general, when a reaction product is treated with H2O (water), it can lead to various outcomes such as hydrolysis, formation of an acid or base, or precipitation of a solid. Some reactions that occur with water are:
Acid-Base reactions, where water acts as a solvent or as a reactant to generate hydronium ions (H3O+) or hydroxide ions (OH-).Hydrolysis reactions, where water is split into its components (H+ and OH-) to break down a compound.Precipitation reactions, where the reactants form a solid that is insoluble in water.The exact product will depend on the specific reactants and reaction conditions.
Learn more about Reaction product and water here:https://brainly.com/question/34735893
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Which statement regarding the gold foil experiment is FALSE? 1. The α particles were repelled by electrons. 2. It suggested that atoms are mostly empty space. 3. It suggested the nuclear model of the atom. 4. Most of the α particles passed through the foil undeflected. 5. It was performed by Rutherford and his research group early in the 20th century.
Answer:
1. The α particles were repelled by electrons.
Explanation:
The gold foil experiment was performed by Rutherford and his research group in 1911 (at the beginning of the 20th century). In this experiment, α particles were bombed to gold foils, and films were placed surround it to collect the particles.
It was observed that most of the particles passed through of the foil undeflected, and for that, Rutherford stated that the atom was a "huge empty". Some particles were deflected, because they're attracted to the electrons at the electrosphere, and a small number of particles were complete deflected to the origin because they chocked with the small positive nuclei.
Thus, the experiment suggested the nuclear model of the atom, called the planetary model, that was improved after by Bohr and other scientists in the quantum model.
The false statement about the gold foil experiment is that α particles were repelled by electrons. In reality, their deflection was due to the encounter with a small, dense, positively charged nucleus, leading to the nuclear model of the atom. Therefore, the correct option is 1.
The α particles were repelled by electrons.
It suggested that atoms are mostly empty space.
It suggested the nuclear model of the atom.
Most of the α particles passed through the foil undeflected.
It was performed by Rutherford and his research group early in the 20th century.
The false statement here is statement 1: The α particles were repelled by electrons. This is inaccurate because α particles are positively charged and were repelled when they encountered the dense, positively charged nucleus, not electrons. The gold foil experiment led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus and overturned the plum pudding model of the atom, which assumed a uniform distribution of mass and charge. The experiment showed that atoms are mostly empty space, with most α particles passing through the foil undeflected, a small number deflected at large angles, and a very few reversing direction, indicating the presence of a small, dense, positively charged nucleus.
9. 6.59 g of ammonia (NH3, 17.031 g/mol) react completely in the presence of excess carbon dioxide (CO2, 44.01 g/mol) according to the following balanced equation,
2NH3(g) + CO2(g) → CH4N2O(s) + H2O(l) If 7.40 g of urea (CH4N2O, 60.056 g/mol) are produced,
calculate the percent yield for the reaction.
Answer:
The percent yield for the reaction is 63.7%
Explanation:
This problem can be solved, from different rules of three.
The reaction is:
2NH₃(g) + CO₂(g) → CH₄N₂O(s) + H₂O(l)
2 moles of ammonia, produce 1 mol of urea.
Mass / molar mass = moles
6.59g / 17.031 g/m = 0.387 moles
As ratio is 2:1, I will produce half a mole of urea.
(0.387 m . 1m)/ 2m = 0.193 m
Let's find out the mass.
Mass of urea = Moles of urea . molar mass of urea.
Mass = 0.193m . 60.056 g/m = 11.6 g
If the percent yield for the reaction was 100 %, we make 11.6 g, but I only obtained 7.40 g so let's calculate the new percent yield.
11.6 g ____ 100 %
7.40 g ___ (7.40g / 11.6g) .100 = 63.7 %
Distinguishing ionic, molecular and atomic solids web activity
Answer:
The difference lies in the kind of bond involved.
Explanation:
An ionic solid is composed of a network of oppositely charged ions such as sodium chloride solid. An atomic solid is formed by covalent linkage of atoms of the same element to form a three dimensional solid structure such as in diamond and graphite. A molecular solid consists of discreet molecules held together by intermolecular forces. Examples of molecular solids include naphthalene and the fullerenes.
Final answer:
Crystalline solids are categorized into ionic, molecular, covalent network, and metallic solids, each with unique properties such as melting points and electrical conductivity. Understanding these categories helps predict material behaviors.
Explanation:
Understanding Crystalline Solids: Ionic, Molecular, Covalent Network, and Metallic
Crystalline solids are distinguished based on their bonding and structural properties. They fall into four main categories: ionic solids, molecular solids, covalent network solids, and metallic solids. Each type exhibits distinct properties in terms of melting point, electrical conductivity, solubility in water, and appearance.
Ionic solids are formed through the electrostatic attraction between ions, have high melting points, and conduct electricity only when melted or dissolved in water.
Molecular solids are composed of molecules held together by van der Waals forces, have relatively low melting points, and are poor conductors of electricity in all states.
Covalent network solids consist of atoms connected by covalent bonds into a continuous 3D network, have very high melting points, and typically do not conduct electricity.
Metallic solids are composed of metal atoms packed closely together, have variable melting points, and are good conductors of electricity and heat due to the free movement of electrons.
Solids can broadly be categorized into amorphous solids and crystalline solids, with the latter being further divided into the types discussed. Understanding these categories and their properties aids in predicting the behavior of different materials under various conditions.
Compared to the energy and charge of the electrons in the first shell of a Be atom, the electrons in the second shell of this atom have
(1) less energy and the same charge(2) less energy and a different charge(3) more energy and the same charge(4) more energy and a different charge
Answer:
4. More energy and a different charge.
Electrons in the second shell of a beryllium atom possess more energy due to being further from the nucleus but have the same negative charge as those in the first shell.
When comparing the energy and charge of electrons in different shells of a beryllium (Be) atom, we find that electrons in the first shell (1s) are closer to the nucleus and thus have lower energy than electrons in the second shell (2s and 2p). The second shell is at a higher energy level due to being further away from the nucleus and its electrons experiencing less attractive force because of the shielding effect of the inner-shell electrons. Electron-electron repulsion also impacts the energies of electrons in the atom. Despite the differences in energy levels, the charge on electrons in any shell of an atom remains the same, negative in nature.
Therefore, compared to the electrons in the first shell of a Be atom, the electrons in the second shell have more energy but the same charge. This leads us to the correct answer to the student's question: (3) more energy and the same charge.
Suppose you could watch radioactive atoms decay. It would probably get quite boring as time went by. Why?
a. The initial decay rate is very fast, but the decay rate decreases over time.
b. Due to randomness, the last couple of radioactive atoms may take a long time before they become nonradioactive.
c. The pattern becomes very predictable.
d. Only a few radioactive nuclei are left to decay, so fewer and fewer atoms decay.
e. The rate of decay decreases with each half-life cycle.
f. The probability that an atom will decay is reduced with each half-life cycle.
Answer: the answer should and most definitely be D.
Explanation: I mean think about it after a while only a few radioactive nuclei are left which means it will dye down after a while which also makes it very boring hope this helps :)
Answer:
a,b,c,d,e
Explanation:
just did it on ed 2020
Joseph Proust showed that when elements combine to form new substances, they do so in specific mass ratios.a) trueb) false
Answer: option A) True
Explanation:
Joseph Proust is the founder of the Law of Definite proportion. This law states that two elements will always combine together to form a chemical compound and this will be in the same proportion by mass.
For Example: 2 moles of Hydrogen (H2) ALWAYS combine with 1 atom of Oxygen (O) to yield water (H2O)
So, the answer is True
We start with the molecule below instead of palmitic acid, which step will be interrupted and which enzyme will be used to correct the issue?
Answer: Step 1, Isomerase.
Explanation:
Form the version of palmitic acid in the step one by changing the double bond within alpha and beta carbon by Isomerase.
B and C are Isomers, the molecule only differ in configuration.
In a combustion reaction, 46.0 of ethanol reacts with 96.0 of oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. If 54.0g of water is produced, how much carbon dioxide is produced?
approximately 132.03 grams of carbon dioxide is produced.
To solve this problem, we first need to write the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of ethanol [tex](\(C_2H_5OH\))[/tex]:
[tex]\[ C_2H_5OH + O_2 \rightarrow H_2O + CO_2 \][/tex]
Now, we can balance the equation:
[tex]\[ C_2H_5OH + 3O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + 2CO_2 \][/tex]
From the balanced equation, we can see that 1 mole of ethanol [tex](C_2H_5OH\))[/tex] reacts with 3 moles of oxygen [tex](\(O_2\))[/tex] to produce 2 moles of water [tex](\(H_2O\))[/tex] and 2 moles of carbon dioxide [tex](\(CO_2\))[/tex].
Given:
- Mass of ethanol [tex](\(C_2H_5OH\)):[/tex] 46.0 g
- Mass of water [tex](\(H_2O\))[/tex] produced: 54.0 g
First, we need to calculate the moles of water produced:
[tex]\[ \text{Moles of water} = \frac{\text{Mass of water}}{\text{Molar mass of water}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Moles of water} = \frac{54.0 \, \text{g}}{18.015 \, \text{g/mol}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Moles of water} \approx 3.0 \, \text{mol} \][/tex]
According to the balanced equation, the ratio of moles of water to moles of carbon dioxide is 2:2. Therefore, the moles of carbon dioxide produced is also approximately 3.0 mol.
Now, to find the mass of carbon dioxide produced:
[tex]\[ \text{Mass of } CO_2 = \text{Moles of } CO_2 \times \text{Molar mass of } CO_2 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Mass of } CO_2 = 3.0 \, \text{mol} \times 44.01 \, \text{g/mol} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \text{Mass of } CO_2 = 132.03 \, \text{g} \][/tex]
Therefore, approximately 132.03 grams of carbon dioxide is produced.