How does the loss of proteoglycans occur in articular cartilage?

Answers

Answer 1
Proteoglycans provide pressure and swelling between cartilages in joints to counteract compression and they can be reduced by arthritic attacks and this has been proven in mice by injections of arthritic inducing medicines to their joints. 

Related Questions

A 69-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. she is semiconscious with a blood pressure of 80/50 mm hg and a heart rate of 74 beats/min that is weak. her daughter, who was uninjured in the crash, tells you that her mother has a history of hypertension and takes beta-blockers. considering the fact that this patient is probably in shock, what is the most likely explanation for the absence of tachycardia?

Answers

from the information here, it clearly says she has hypertension and takes beta-blockers, so the explanation for the absence of tachycardia would result from her medication.
Final answer:

The most likely explanation for the absence of tachycardia in this patient is shock in combination with beta-blocker medication.

Explanation:

The most likely explanation for the absence of tachycardia in this patient is that she is in shock. Shock is a life-threatening condition where the circulatory system cannot maintain adequate blood flow to the tissues. In this case, the loss of too much blood from the motor vehicle crash has resulted in hypovolemic shock, causing a decrease in blood pressure and a compensatory increase in heart rate.

However, due to the patient's history of taking beta-blockers for hypertension, the medication may be preventing the heart rate from increasing as much as expected in response to shock. Beta-blockers block the effects of adrenaline and other stress hormones on the heart, resulting in a slower heart rate. As a result, despite being in shock, the patient's heart rate remains relatively normal.

Which event occurs during ventricular systole?

Answers

Which event occurs during ventricular systole? closing of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves

In ventricular systole, the ventricle is doing contraction causing an increase of pressure inside ventricle. The pressure will close the bicuspid/tricuspid valve and open the pulmonary/aorta valve

What major factor contributes to overconsumption of sweets, sodas and fruit drinks, alcoholic beverages, and salty snacks?

Answers

those things usually contain kasine which is known to have addictive properties

Final answer:

The overconsumption of unhealthy foods and beverages is largely due to lifestyle changes, convenience of processed foods, availability and marketing of unhealthy options, and large serving sizes. Encouraging the consumption of local and seasonal produce, along with limiting intake of high-sugar and fatty foods, can help address the issue.

Explanation:

Factors Contributing to Overconsumption of Unhealthy Foods and Beverages:

A major factor that contributes to the overconsumption of sweets, sodas and fruit drinks, alcoholic beverages, and salty snacks is the change in modern lifestyles and the increased availability of unhealthy market goods. Technological advancements have reduced the amount of work done in household production, leading to a greater reliance on processed foods and convenience items.

Over 50 percent of Americans reportedly consume sugary drinks daily, which is alarming considering these drinks contribute significantly to health issues such as dental caries, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The easy accessibility of these products in schools and public buildings through vending machines also promotes their overconsumption.

Consumers' expectation for year-round availability of foods, regardless of their seasonal nature or the health implications, has led to an increase in food miles and carbon emissions from transportation. Moreover, large serving sizes, heavy marketing of unhealthy options, and the omnipresence of snacks contribute to excessive calorie intake and obesity. Recommending the consumption of local, seasonal fruits and vegetables, and reducing waste and energy used in packaging materials can be steps towards combating this issue.

What is transgender

Answers

Transgender is someone who has a gender identity or gender expression that differs from their assigned sex\birth sex

The developing organism is particularly vulnerable during the _____ because this is when the distinct organ systems are being formed.

Answers

The developing organism is particularly vulnerable during the embryonic period because this is when the distinct organ systems are being formed.
This period begins with the fertilization (penetration of the egg by the sperm) and lasts until the end of the 10th week of the pregnancy. Single cell called a zygote is formed during this period.After that the fetal development begins. And then comes the stage organogenesis. In this stage the organs are formed.

A visitor from a room adjacent to a client asks the nurse what disease the client has. the nurse responds, "i will not discuss any client's illness with you. are you concerned about it?" this response is based on the nurse's knowledge that to discuss a client's condition with someone not directly involved with that client is an example of:

Answers

A visitor from a room adjacent to a client asks the nurse what disease the client has. The nurse responds, "I will not discuss any client's illness with you. Are you concerned about it?" This response is based on the nurse's knowledge that to discuss a client's condition with someone not directly involved with that client is an example of:Breach of confidentiality

When caring for a client with acute pancreatitis, the nurse should use which comfort measure?

Answers

Intravenous opioid medications are very helpful to the patient with acute pancreatitis, both due to its analgesic (pain-relieving) effects and also that it calms down the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract, allowing faster recovery time.
Intravenous opioid medications are very helpful to the patient with acute pancreatitis, both due to its analgesic (pain-relieving) effects and also that it calms down the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract, allowing faster recovery time.

This drug class __________ results in increased heart rate, blood pressure, and elevated mental function.

Answers

High blood pressure goes in the blank

Emil kraepelin was the first to describe dementia praecox, the mental disorder now known as __________.

Answers

The answer to this question is the term schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder when a person hears voices that are unusual and this voice wanted to hurt the person. The person that is schizophrenic is experiencing delusions, confusion, psychosis, and loss of personality.
QUESTION:

Emil kraepelin was the first to describe dementia praecox, the mental disorder now known as[tex]\large?[/tex]=============================ANSWER:

Schizophrenia

=============================DEFINITION:

Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder that affects less than one percent of the U.S. population.

=============================#BrainliestBunch

Why are chewing tobacco and snuff often-called spitting tobacco?

Answers

The answer here is pretty simple, they are called spitting tobacco because once you get done getting all of the flavor and nicotine out of it you then would spit it out, in some bars they actually have something called a "spittoon" that is literally a can that is used for spitting the tobacco in, chewing tobacco is really bad for you health because using it can result in tooth decay and gum disease  plus there are 28 different types of cancer causing chemicals in chewing tobacco which can result in gum cancer and esophagus cancer. It can also cause cardiovascular disease which can result in heart attacks.
In all actuality chewing tobacco is just as bad as smoking it 
Because you often spit the tobacco out rather than keep it in your mouth. 

What effect does exercise have on the nervous system

Answers

 The immediate effects of exercise are on the neurotransmitters. It causes complex signals to pass through the neurons in the brain.

Answer:

C: Repetitive motion develops nerves and nerve endings.

Explanation:

Which of the following is an example of pessimism?

If there’s a chance it will rain, there’s also a good chance it won’t rain.

If I don’t get every answer right on today’s test, I’m a failure.

If there’s a chance it will rain, it’s going to rain.

If I don’t get every answer right on today’s test, it’s the teacher’s fault.


Answers

My best guess would be: If there’s a chance it will rain, it’s going to rain.

(If in the sense that rain will be the worst possible outcome)

A pessimist is a person who tends to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen.


Pessimism is a type of mental attitude, a state of mind and way of approaching things and situations. The pessimist is someone with a negative view at things who expects the worst.

The following is an example of pessimism: If there’s a chance it will rain, it’s going to rain.  Correct answer: C In this case the worst that would happen is to rain, and the pessimist expects that. The optimist on the other hand is expecting the best outcome and would say:   If there’s a chance it will rain, it’s not going to rain


One way your family can be a positive influence on your mental and emotional health is by helping you _____.

A. steal from a store
B. telling you to drive over the speed limit
C. complete your schoolwork
D. by arguing with you about who you date

Answers

The correct answer is C. It’s the most realistic answer for this question

One way your family can be a positive influence on your mental and emotional health is by helping you complete your schoolwork. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.

What is Emotional health?

Emotional health may be defined as an aspect of mental health that significantly deals with your ability to cope with both positive and negative emotions under different circumstances. It is somehow related to your perseverance and determination.

The options like stealing from a store, telling you to drive over the speed limit, and arguing with you about who you date build negative aspects of your life. So, these options do not make any sense with positive influences on your emotional health.

Therefore, one way your family can be a positive influence on your mental and emotional health is by helping you complete your schoolwork. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.

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Why do you think athletes often eat lots of carbohydrates the day before a competition?

Answers

Carbohydrates are in place of simple sugars and complex carbs which either are quick energy or stored energy for performance.  Without carbs, the body will shut down because you need sufficient energy to keep going.  Carbs are what keeps you moving and functioning.

Violence portrayed in movies has led to a decrease in gun violence in the United States.
A. True
B. False

Answers

The answer is False. B

Answer:

false

Explanation:

Stage 1 (initial cold shock) occurs in the first 3-5 minutes of immersion in cold water. what can happen during stage 1 of cold water immersion?

Answers

Final answer:

In Stage 1 of cold water immersion, hypothermia may begin, slowing the rate and strength of heart contractions. This could lead to the cessation of the body's systems, beginning with the central nervous system. Additionally, the cold can slow down metabolism and the heart can stop beating if sufficiently chilled.

Explanation:

During Stage 1 of cold water immersion, which is the initial cold shock, several reactions can occur in the body. Firstly, hypothermia may set in, which slows the rate and strength of heart contractions. This slowing of the heart is one part of the diving reflex that redirects blood to crucial organs when submerged in cold water. Excessive hypothermia can cause the body systems to cease normal function, beginning with the central nervous system, ultimately leading to death.

In addition, the cold can slow down metabolism to substantially low levels and cause physical changes in cell membranes because just as fats congeal with cooling, membranes crystallize, altering their function in material exchange in and out of the cell.

Moreover, if sufficiently chilled, the heart can stop beating—a state sometimes facilitated during open heart surgery—and if the cold shock is acute, it might induce ventricular fibrillation, disrupting the heart's electrical patterns resulting in irregular and ineffective beats. This condition can be fatal due to a lack of blood circulation.

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the manager's most important food safety responsibility is training you to

Answers

Note that I am not 100%

An important responsibility for a manager when dealing with food safety is to be sure all food is stored at the correct temperature and to keep all areas clean in order to reduce the chance of cross contamination. 

A client with gout has been advised to lose weight. she informs the nurse that she plans to go on a âguaranteed rapid weight lossâ plan that involves fasting and heavy exercise. which response would be most appropriate?

Answers

This would not be healthy for the client

How to tell by the eyes when someone is on xanax?

Answers





Usually, the pupils are dilated and his eyes may have a kind of yellow color

Vitamin c helps the body absorb ________ from plant foods such as grains and cereals.

Answers

vit  C helps absorb iron that is not bound as a heme (i.e. from plants)

Discuss two different ways that our soil can become polluted.

Answers

It can become polluted with...

Trash laying everywhere

Chemical fertilizers

Answer:

Two ways our soil can become polluted is by chemical fertilizers and people littering.

Match each STI to the appropriate category.

A. Curable
B. Treatable but not curable

1. AIDS
2. Chlamydia

Answers

AIDS is treatable but not curable and Chlamydia is curable
A-2
B-1

1. B, This is because there has not been a cure to this major STI yet, but there are many treatments on it.

2. A, This is because this is a minor infection that can be cured with an antibiotic pill within 2 weeks or more.

A nurse is monitoring the effectiveness of a client's drug therapy. when should the nurse obtain a blood sample to measure the trough drug level?

Answers

Yes, beacuse she could know if you have an overdose.

The nurse should obtain a blood sample to measure the trough drug level immediately before the next dose is administered.

This timing ensures that the drug concentration in the client's bloodstream is at its lowest, allowing an accurate assessment of the minimum drug level. It helps in adjusting dosage correctly to maintain therapeutic levels and avoid toxicity.

Key Considerations:

The trough level helps in ensuring the drug remains within the therapeutic range.Incorrect timing of the sample can lead to inaccurate assessment of the drug’s effectiveness.Trough levels are especially important for medications with a narrow therapeutic index.

Poverty of speech, blunted and flat affect, loss of volition, and social withdrawal are all examples of ______ symptoms of schizophrenia.

Answers

Poverty of speech, blunted and flat affect, loss of volition, and social withdrawal are all examples of negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

Delusions (false beliefs), hallucinations (observing or hearing things that are not there), strange bodily behavior, and disorganized thinking and speech are typical symptoms of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia patients frequently have paranoid thoughts or hear voices.

What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

The patient still feels the symptoms even when their condition is stable, which means they have persisted for at least a year. The symptoms are primary, or they are not brought on by other factors like medication or other illnesses.

Anhedonia, social withdrawal, emotional abnormalities such alogia and affective flatness, and impairment of volitional (motivational) functioning are some detrimental symptoms of schizophrenia. The quality of life and functioning of patients are worsened by negative symptoms.

Therefore, Poverty of speech, blunted and flat affect, loss of volition, and social withdrawal are all examples of negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

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Which food item is ideal for bacterial growth?

Answers

Bacterial growth doesn't mean that they grow in size, it means they increase in number by cell division. There are many factors that effects the bacterial growth, like temperature, pH, water, oxygen, and food.
Food items like bread, milk, fish, baked potatoes, raw chicken, cooked corn, these are the best for bacterial growth.

Answer:Which of the following foods has an ideal pH level for bacteria growth?

Explanation:

who will get the most benefit from a folic acid supplement
A. reproductive age Females B. reproductive age males C. pregnant females D. children who eat a balanced diet

Answers

Answer is C. pregnant females.

Synthetic folic acid is taken as dietary supplement. Folic acid helps the body in producing and maintaining red blood cells. Deficiency of folic acid can cause anemia. The women who are pregnant must take folic acid to avoid miscarriage of the fetus. It maintains the pregnancy by helping in synthesis of red blood cells.  

Final answer:

Option c is the correct answer. The most benefit from folic acid supplementation is received by pregnant females, as it is vital for preventing neural tube defects in the fetus. The recommended daily intake for pregnant women is at least 600 µg/day, while reproductive age females should consume 400 µg/day.

Explanation:

The correct option for who will get the most benefit from a folic acid supplement is C. pregnant females. Folic acid, or folate, is essential for the healthy development of the fetus, particularly the neural tube, which later becomes the brain and spinal cord. The Institute of Medicine recommends that women who are pregnant or may become pregnant consume at least 600 µg/day of folate to help prevent neural tube defects, such as spina bifida. Supplementation is particularly crucial because these defects can occur very early in pregnancy, sometimes before a woman even realizes she is pregnant.

For reproductive age females, a daily intake of at least 400 µg/day is recommended to ensure adequate folate levels in the event of an unplanned pregnancy, given that around 45 percent of pregnancies are unplanned. Folate is found in dark leafy greens, fruits, nuts, beans, and fortified grains, but dietary intake alone might not be enough, emphasizing the importance of supplements for adequate intake. Children who eat a balanced diet and reproductive age males, while they also benefit from folic acid, are not at the same level of critical need as pregnant females.

Michael n. comes to the emergency department complaining of chest pain, nausea, and shortness of breath. the diagnostic test ordered for this patient is a (n) ____________________, a test that records electrical activity of his heart.

Answers

The answer to this question is electrocardiogram. Electrocardiogram or ECG is a test that records the patient’s heartbeat and checks the electrical activity of the patient’s heart. The electrodes that are placed on the skin of the patient to capture the magnitude of the heart’s electrical depolarization and to check any presence of heart muscle damage. 

Lorraine has been diagnosed with depression.
She has had a difficult time coping with the death of her mother.
This social factor would be classified in the DSM-IV-TR on

AXIS 1
AXIS 2
AXIS 3
AXIS 4

Answers

Social factor would be axis IV in DSM-IV-TR

In diagnosing psychiatric problem, you need to do multiaxial assessment of 5 axis. Axis I is psychiatric problem, axis II personality, axis III for other medical problem, axis IV for environtment or social factor then axis V for Global Assessment Functional(GAF)  scale


Which of these can develop only in female?

A. A placenta
B. A testicle
C. Oxytocin
D. The pituitary gland

Answers

A placenta would the answer because that is whats used during pregnancy. please mark brainiest answer XD
 

The correct answer is A. A placenta.

Explanation

The placenta is an exclusive organ of females, this organ develops during pregnancy, which occurs only in females, and connects the gestating mother and the fetus through the umbilical cord. Indeed, the placenta makes possible for the fetus to receive nutrients, expel waste the place, breathe, and regulate the temperature. Additionally, once the gestation is finished, this organ is no longer necessary because it has already fulfilled its function, so it is expelled during delivery. So, the correct answer is A. A placenta.

Before giving activated charcoal, you should:

Answers

Final answer:

Before administering activated charcoal, verify the patient's allergies, ensure there are no bowel obstructions, and confirm the patient can swallow safely.

Explanation:

Before administering activated charcoal, a healthcare provider should ensure certain conditions. Firstly, it's essential to verify that the patient is not allergic to charcoal. Secondly, activated charcoal is not recommended for individuals who have an obstruction in their bowel or have swallowed a corrosive substance. Thirdly, the healthcare professional should not administer activated charcoal if the patient cannot swallow safely as this runs the risk of aspiration.

Before giving activated charcoal, you should assess the patient's condition, determine the dose, and administer it orally in a slurry form.

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Final answer:

Before administering activated charcoal, ensure the person is conscious and able to swallow. Seek medical advice before use and consider any contraindications, including substances that don't bind well with charcoal, the person's medical history, and current symptoms.

Explanation:

Before giving activated charcoal, you should ensure that the individual is conscious and able to swallow. Activated charcoal is used in emergency situations to treat poisonings or drug overdoses. It should not be used without medical advice or if the person is unconscious, as it could enter their lungs and pose a choking risk.

Also, certain substances such as alcohol, heavy metals, and acids do not bind well to activated charcoal and alternative treatments may be more appropriate in these cases. Also, the person's medical history, possible allergies, and current symptoms should be considered.

Check consciousness and ability to swallowGet medical adviceCheck for contraindicationsTake into account the individual's medical history and current symptoms

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