How does human evolution or natural selection relate to the susceptibility of disease?

Answers

Answer 1
Human evolution or natural selection means that our ancestors of up  to 3 million years ago in their various strains of say australopithecus or even Neanderthal man would be selected to flourish if they could resist disease better than say other strains of homo sapiens. An example of a case where foreign disease wss introduced was when the Spanish conquistadores came to Peru they brought smallpox which decimated the population or in British Columbia it was deliberately introduced to remove resistance to gold mining in the BC interior. The Incas and the BC First Nations simply had no immunity to the disease having had no contact with it before.

Related Questions

Compare the parts of a lily (flower) and an apple (fruit).

Answers

Apple (fruit): leaf, stalk, mesocarp, seed, endocarp, exocarp. Lily (flower): stamen, style, ovary, ovule, , stigma, petal, receptacle, peduncle, and sepal.



Lilies and apples serve different roles in plant reproduction, with lilies being flowers that attract pollinators, and apples being fruits resulting from mature ovaries. Lilies have petals, sepals, stamens, and pistils, while apples have an exocarp, mesocarp, endocarp, and seeds. The main difference is their function and structure related to the plant's reproductive process.

Comparing the Parts of a Lily (Flower) and an Apple (Fruit)

Both lilies and apples are parts of plants but serve different purposes and have different structures. Let's break down their main components:

Main Parts of a Lily

A lily is a type of flower, which has several essential parts:

Petals: Often colorful to attract pollinators.

Sepals: Protect the flower bud before it opens.

Stamens: The male reproductive part, producing pollen.

Pistils: The female reproductive part, which includes the ovary, style, and stigma. Lilies are an example of a superior flower, where the ovary is above other flower parts.

Main Parts of an Apple

An apple is a fruit, which means it is a mature ovary that was once part of a flower. It consists of:

Exocarp: The outer skin.

Mesocarp: The fleshy part that we eat.

Endocarp: The inner part surrounding the seeds.

Seeds: Found inside the core of the fruit.

The fruit develops after pollination and fertilization, signifying the transformation from a flower's ovary to a fruit.

By comparing these two, we can see that while a lily focuses on reproduction through its vivid and structured flower parts, an apple represents the post-fertilization stage containing seeds for further plant growth.

When you hyperventilate (breathe too fast), respiratory alkalosis (elevated blood ph) can occur, which can cause you to faint. a common but potentially dangerous method to reverse respiratory alkalosis is to hold a paper bag over your mouth and take normal breaths, thereby rebreathing the exhaled air. how might this method reverse respiratory alkalosis?

Answers

When you are hyperventilating, you are really taking in too much oxygen and the balance between O and CO2 is disrupted. By breathing in a paper bag, this can reverse respiratory alkalosis by allowing you to take back in your own carbon dioxide. Thus bringing down your elevated blood pH.

How does the second line of host defense relate to the warmth and redness of the skin around the wound?

Answers

what are the options

Imagine that you are given some chemoorganotrophic bacteria to grow. what should you use as a source of energy for this type of bacteria? imagine that you are given some chemoorganotrophic bacteria to grow. what should you use as a source of energy for this type of bacteria? methane ammonia sugar hydrogen sulfide light

Answers

The answer should be Sugar

During the Cambrian period on Earth, the ___________ layer developed along with the massive production of oxygen.
A) ozone
B) ocean
C) mantel
D) carbon dioxide

Answers

The answer is A, ozone.

Answer:

A) Ozone

Explanation:

I just took the test

- How "sartans" like Cardiosartan act in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?

Answers

Cardiosartan drug is included in angiotensin receptor blocker(ARB). This drug can bind to angiotensin receptor, prevent the real substrate to bind and activate the system. This will reduce activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, causing vasodilatation and reduce of vasopressin that will eventually reduce the blood pressure.

Why are some oil tankers being built with two hulls? a. to make the tankers heavier b. to make the tankers easier to steer c. to help prevent nonpoint-source pollution d. to help prevent oil spills

Answers

TO HELP PREVENT SPILLS

Answer: Option d

Explanation: Some of the oil tankers are being built with two hulls in order to prevent the oil spillage.

The main problem that is associated with the transportation of the oil is its spillage because it is harmful for the environment, human beings, animals and moreover for the aquatic animals.

To prevent from these problems the oil tankers are being built with two hulls.

Through single-cell recordings, researchers have identified the ________ neurons in the visual system.

Answers

Through single-cell recordings, researchers have identified the pattern of firing of neurons in the visual system.
The pattern of firing represent specific messages about the visual stimulus. Each pattern of joint activity among N neurons has a different meaning. It is a synchronized activity between the neurons.

Sodium chloride is made up of a positive sodium ion and a negative chloride ion. Therefore, it is an example of

Answers

Sodium chloride is an example of an ionic compound. An ionic compound is composed of a positively charged cation and a negatively charged anion that are held together by their attractive forces. For table salt, Sodium chloride, Sodium is the cation and Chloride is the anion.

Alcohol is A. A drug B. An anti depressant C. A hallucinogen D. All of the above

Answers

Answer:

Option A, drug

Explanation:

Alcohol is a drug that comes under the category of depressant. It is neither an anti depressant nor hallucinogen.

Being a depressant , consumption of alcohol causes slowing down of bodily functions. The effects of alcohol consumption depends on the amount of alcohol being consumed. When small quantity of alcohol is ingested it acts as a stimulant, but when it is ingested in large quantity it can produce severe effects of depressant such as pain, toxicity, & unconsciousness.

Hence, only option A is correct.

Alcohol is a depressant drug (A)

Further explanation

Alcohol, also known by its chemical name ethanol, is a psychoactive substance that is the active ingredient in drinks such as beer, wine, and distilled spirits (hard liquor).

According to the Webster's dictionary, drug is something that causes addiction or a marked change in consciousness, adding that it is often an illegal substance. According to 2013 regulatory guidance, FDA said that a food is considered a drug if it is “intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease".

Alcohol is a drug that comes under the category of depressant.  Alcohol, also known by its chemical name ethanol is also classified as depressant. Depressants have effects such as slowing reaction time, poor concentration, and visual disturbances. Depressants means that means any amount you drink can make you more likely to get blues. If we drink a lot alcohol it can harm your brain and leads to depression. The effects its we're likely to do bad decisions or act on impulse. But if you consume a small quantity of alcohol when it is ingested it acts as a stimulant

Learn moreLearn more about alcohol https://brainly.com/question/12216420

Answer details

Grade:  9

Subject:  biology

Chapter:  Alcohol

Keywords:  Alcohol

A t-shirt manufacturer designs shirts showing caricatures of certain generic “rich” athletes. these are not literal depictions but rather exaggerated images of these athletes. what would be the most likely result

Answers

Those T shirts are protected speech as parodies and not subject to trademark laws. Protected speech refers to speech that is protected from government regulation and censorship. Trademark laws governed the use of identifying logos which protect manufacturers' goods and differentiate them from one another.
Though they may not be a literal depiction, it is still trying to point out the athletes, so what would likely happen is that it is still protected by law for they serves as a protective speech. In which they mask as a parody and by that, it is still considered as not subjected by the law in trademark, and what they are doing is protected by law, so violating these will cause consequences.

Suppose a group of bobcats that normally live and hunt in the tops of mountains, start hunting prey at the base of the mountain and move into the valley below. Which of the following will most likely happen to the prey in the valley? a. Their numbers will soon increase. b. Their numbers will soon decrease. c. They will move to the tops of the mountains. d. They will remain unchanged.

Answers

Answer:

A predator is an organism which kills other organism to obtain it as food, whereas as a prey is the inferior organism which is incapable of defending itself and being killed by the predator.

The group of bobcats being predating the prey at the top of the mountain when moves to valley below is likely to decrease the population of the prey in the valley because although the bobcat change the location of their habitat the urge for getting food by hunting will be retained in them.

what measurement best describes the results of a scientific experiment regarding volume

Answers

 metric system. hope this helped

2.What simple infection control procedure helped Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis save a number of lives in the 1800s?

Answers

Dr. Ignaz would encourage people to wash their hands often

Answer:

The correct answer is the - hand washing before lunch and clinical process.

Explanation:

Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis was a Hungarian physician that is known as father of the infection control by the hand washing. He is also known as the saviors of mothers as at that time mothers were dying after childbirth due to the infection.

Dr. Ignaz suggested the hand wash procedure before clinical procedures and eating helps in the saving life by preventing infection due to unhygienic hands.

Thus, the correct answer is - hand washing before lunch and clinical process.

Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium that causes the deadly disease anthrax produces thick endospores. What is the significance role of spore formation in the reproductive cycle of this bacterium?

Answers

The significant role of spore formation in the reproductive cycle of this bacterium would be to allow the bacteria to survive in extreme conditions. The spore formed is called an endospore which is a thick cover made of protein. These spores are mostly resistant to heat and chemicals which makes the bacteria survive in harsh conditions. Spores can only be destroyed by sterilization and it require very high pressures and very temperatures. In microbiology and medical settings, this process is usually done in a device known as the autoclave. Sterilization is a process that involves the killing of all microorganism in a system whether it is harmful or beneficial.

plants take up carbon dioxide from the air and nutrients from the soil. this is an example of interactions between the

A) geosphere, cryosphere, and atmosphere
B) biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere
C) atmosphere, hydrosphere and geosphere
D) cryoshpere, atmosphere and hydrosphere

Answers

Plants take up carbon dioxide from the air and nutrients from the soil. This is an example of interactions between biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere. The answer is letter B. Bioshphere is the representation of any living organism on earth such as plants and animals. Even the tiniest organism that cannot be seen is considered a part of biosphere. Atmosphere is the blanket of gases that wraps around the earth. We may not see it but we can feel it. Geosphere is the land itself, the earth as a whole. From the core,to mantle and to crust. So in the example given, plants represent the biosphere, carbon dioxide form air represents the atmosphere and soil represents geosphere.

Answer:

B. biosphere, atmosphere, and grosphere

Explanation:

atmosphere : carbon dioxide

biosphere : where organisms live

geosphere : any part of earth's parts matter

Have a wonderful day! :)

Define accommodation. which part of the eye serves this function? how does its shape change with the distance between you and the object you are looking at?

Answers

Accommodation is the ability in which the eye changes its focus from viewing distant objects and then near objects and vice-versa.

The optics and the focal length of the eye are adjusted such that the focus of the retina is on the object even if the distance varies from the eye. It is like a reflux which can be controlled consciously. The process is a consequence of the changes in the zonal tension which is induced by the contractions of the ciliary muscles.

According to the Helmholtz theory of mechanism, the ciliary muscles that are arranged circularly in the eye relax while viewing a far object. This causes the suspensory ligaments and lens zonules to pull the lens, which flattens it.

When a near object is being viewed, the ciliary muscles contract and loosen up the lens zonules causing the lens to form a thick convex.

the first law of thermodynamics states that energy can't be created or destroyed. If people can't create energy, where do we get energy to do work

Answers

Organisms get energy from food (or sunlight for plants), converting it into ATP and usable forms, following the first law of thermodynamics—energy is transformed, not created.

The first law of thermodynamics, often referred to as the law of conservation of energy, states that energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be transferred or converted from one form to another. This principle applies universally to all energy transformations, including those within biological systems, where living organisms like humans derive energy from.

1. Metabolism: Organisms convert chemical energy stored in food (in the form of glucose, fats, and proteins) into usable forms such as ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is the primary energy currency of cells and is used for various cellular processes and work.

2. Cellular Respiration: In aerobic organisms like humans, cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria, where glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. The breakdown of glucose releases energy that is used to synthesize ATP molecules.

3. Digestion and Absorption: The process starts with digestion, where complex molecules in food are broken down into simpler forms that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. These nutrients are then transported to cells where they undergo cellular respiration to release energy.

4. Photosynthesis (for plants): Plants and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy through photosynthesis. This energy is stored in glucose and other carbohydrates, which are then consumed by organisms higher up in the food chain.

How does biodiversity contribute to the overall health of an ecosystem? provide specific examples and utilize at least one scholarly resource to back your answer?

Answers

Biodiversity is the variety or variability of living organisms (plants and animals) in the world.
Biodiversity plays a vital role towards ecosystem, it is very important and contribute to the overall health of an Eco system.
Biodiversity boosts Eco system by increasing its productivity. Examples of biodiversity we saw in the farming, crops are used for feeding animals and animal wastes are used in nourishing plants. plants produces the food which is used by humans. similarly if their is more variety of plant species, there is more number and variety of crops.

Each species depends on the services provided by other species to ensure survival. It is a type of cooperation based on mutual survival and is often what a "balanced ecosystem". (Shah 2014)

A neuron can fire up to a limit of about ____________ times per second

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Around 200 times in one second.

Stable isotopic analysis of oxygen from ice cores dating to the holocene indicates that:

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Stable isotopic analysis of oxygen from ice cores dating to the Holocene indicates that the last 50 yBP were the warmest period in the last 9,000 yBP.
Scientists can deduce many things from practically anything found in nature, so they can also analyze the remainders of ancient times in order to figure out new things about them. Studying temperature is also now increasingly important because of the global warming.

In a lab you are conducting tests with various chemicals and neurotransmitter receptors. you notice that exposed frog muscle cells depolarize when you add the chemical nicotine to the acetylcholine (ach) receptors. what does this tell us about the relationship between neurotransmitters and their receptors?

Answers

The scenario above tell us that the effects of a neurotransmitter is based on the properties of the receptor to which they bind more than the neurotransmitter. Some neurotransmitters bring about stimulation when the bind to receptors while others brings about inhibition. The effect of a neurotransmitter on a receptor depends on the properties of that receptor. 

Which of the following statements is true?

a.Slow, deep breathing makes less gas available for gas exchange.
b.Breathing rate and depth do not affect gas exchange.
c.Rapid shallow breathing can reduce the amount of gas exchange without changing the total amount of gas moved in a minute.
d.Normal breathing rates and depth provide the most oxygen for exchange.

Answers

The correct option is C. When a person is breathing rapidly and shallowly, the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange within a minute may decrease while the total amount of gas moved in a minute remains constant. Less gas is available for exchange because much of the gas remain in the dead space. 

The Milky Way is a _____ galaxy.

Answers

The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy
hope this helps:)

Answer:

Barred Spiral.

Explanation:

A barred spiral galaxy is a type of spiral galaxy which has a bar-shaped structure in the center which is made up of stars.

The milky way is a barred spiral galaxy because its appearance conforms to the classification of galaxies given by Hubble.

The milky way has spiral arms and a bulge in the center and one or more bars radiate out from this central bulge and hence it is a spiral barred type of galaxy.

An oxygen atom with a charge of (+2) has ______________________.
a. two more protons than the neutral atom
b. two fewer protons than the neutral atom
c. two more electrons that the neutral atom
d. two fewer electrons than the neutral atom

Answers

a) as protons have a positive charge, so the two more protons cause the atom to become positive in charge
i think the answer is c because a plus 2 charge is adding 2 electrons to the element

John and Pat are identical twins with identical DNA. John works in a movie theater, and Pat works as a lifeguard. They have very different skin pigmentation. Which is the best explanation of the difference?

Answers

The best explanation of the difference is Skin color, a polygenic trait, is also determined by environmental factors.
Environmental factors can greatly impact somebody's skin and its pigmentation. In this case, the presence of sunlight is the environmental factor - one of the boys works in a movie theater, with little to no exposure to the Sun, whereas the other one spends most of his days in sunlight, which is why his skin color is different from his brother's. 

The answer is:

A) Skin color, a polygenic trait, is also determined by environmental factors.


Hope it helps!

Why is a single base-pair deletion mutation within a protein-coding sequence more likely to be harmful than a single base-pair change mutation?

Answers

A single base-pair deletion would cause a frameshift mutation, disrupting every codon sequence read after it. A single base-pair change, however, only affects one codon. It is therefore less likely to cause harm.

This chart shows the types of ground tissue and their functions. mc012-1.jpgmc012-2.jpg Which row (A, B, C, or D) best matches each ground tissue with its function? A B C D

Answers

The right answer is A.

Let's resume Plant tissues and their roles:

* Meristems are devolved to growth by cell multiplication;

* The covering fabrics ensure the protection of the organs vis-à-vis the

external environment;

* Parenchyma represent the bulk of the organ volume; they are

formed of poorly differentiated cells and perform various functions:

chlorophyll assimilation, storage of reserves ...

* Support tissues are made of thick-walled cells of lignin or

cellulose, giving the organs a certain rigidity;

* The conductive tissues ensure the circulation of the sap, to the organs

aerial for raw or ascending sap, to underground organs for

sap developed or descending;

* The endoderm and the pericycle are two cellular bases surrounding the

central cylinder;

* The secretory tissues release various substances (nectar, latex ...).

The right answer is A.

Which is Not a feature associated with valley glaciers

Answers

I think its arroyo.
i hope this answer is correct and helps you :)

Answer:

cirque

arroyo

horn

arête

Explanation:

Arroyo is the correct answer

Hope it helps!

electron transport chain : _____ production :: Calvin cycle : _____ production

Answers

Electron transport chain and the Calvin cycle are two essential metabolic reactions that play a significant role in our bodily processes. Electron transport chain produces ATP and NADPH. Calvin cycle, on the other hand, uses the ATP as energy to produce sugar and carbohydrates. Thus,

electron transport chain: ATP/NADPH::Calvin cycle:sugars/carbohydrates
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