Answer:
So many factors influence the climate. Some of them are ocean currents, latitude, distance from the ocean, elevation, etc.
Explanation:
The distance from the ocean influences the climate of the place. If the place is located on the coast, the climate will be colder and humidity will be higher.
Thanks to ocean currents the temperature can be changed. Ocean currents can low the temperature but also make it very high.
Latitude has an influence also regarding the temperature. Elevation, as it gets higher, the air above is falling, so the pressure decreases.
Regarding all the factors above, we can say that New York has hot summers, with high humidity and very cold winters, full of snow. Close to the river, the ground is muddy and going to the mountains, the ground is getting rocky
Bio 254 - Pre-Class Assignment 1
Fill in the blanks
1. The "first line of defense" in innate immunity is
2.
Histamine kinins, and interleukins are examples of
Question 1:
Answer:
The "first line of defence" in innate immunity is "Physical and chemical barriers".
Explanation
"Physical and chemical barriers" is first line of defence includes that are ready to defend the living organism's body from infection at any time . These barriers include your skin, cilia, tears, urine flow, mucus, stomach acid, friendly bacteria and white blood cells . Skin acts as a mechanical barrier as it does not allows all the organism to pass through it unless the skin is cut or open. Similarly mouth eyes, and nose are also the ways through with the disease causing organism can enter the body. The micro-organisms that entered through these pathways are trapped either in saliva or mucus and swallowed and later either killed in the stomach or flushed out via the urine. If this first line of defence is broken or damaged, the second line of defence inside our body will be activated.
Question 2:
Answer:
Histamine kinins, and interleukins are examples of inflammatory mediators.
Explanation:
Inflammatory mediators are identified in inflammatory bowel disease IBD.These mediators play an vital role in the clinical and pathologic characteristics of the disorders. Cytokines, that are released by macrophages in due to antigenic stimuli, are binded different receptors and produce endocrine, autocrine and paracrine effects. Interleukins are a subset of a large group of 'cellular messenger molecules' called cytokines that modulates the cellular behaviour. Interleukins are not stored within cells like cytokines but they are released immediately, in response to a stimulus. Once an interleukin has been secreted, it moves to the target cell and binds to it through a receptor molecule on the surface of the cell . This interaction triggers a sequence of signals in the target cell that ultimately leads to the alteration in the behaviour of the cell.
What are some important uses of DNA in forensics
Answer:
DNA profiling is a forensic technique in criminal investigations, comparing criminal suspects' profiles to DNA evidence so as to assess the likelihood of their involvement in the crime. ... DNA profiling has also been used in the study of animal and plant populations in the fields of zoology, botany, and agriculture.
Explanation:
It is also known as genetic fingerprinting, DNA typing, and DNA profiling. When used for forensic science, DNA fingerprinting makes use of probes that target regions of DNA specific to humans, thus eliminating any possibility of contamination by extraneous DNA from bacteria, plants, insects, or other sources.
DNA has been notably important to the field of forensic science. The discovery of DNA has meant that the guilt or innocence of a person who is investigated for a crime can be determined. It also means that scarce evidence can still yield vital clues regarding the perpetrator of a crime.
Hope this helps
DNA analysis is crucial in forensic science for identifying individuals and providing evidence in legal cases. Crime scene investigations often involve DNA profiling to match suspects to biological material at a crime scene. Forensic scientists utilize technologies like PCR, STR analysis, and mitochondrial DNA sequencing to analyze samples.
Explanation:Important Uses of DNA in Forensics
DNA analysis plays a crucial role in forensic science, providing a powerful tool for solving crimes and seeking justice. The unique nature of an individual's DNA allows forensic experts to use it as definitive evidence in court cases. DNA profiling can determine if a suspect's genetic material matches that found at a crime scene, which is vital for crime scene investigations. Examples include analysis of blood, skin cells, hair, or other biological materials that could link a crime to an individual. In addition to human identification, DNA analysis also aids in other legal matters like paternity testing, identifying bodies, or even tracking the source of infections, as seen in bioterrorism with the anthrax cases handled through microbial genomics.
Technicians use DNA sequencing to compare sample sequences with known sequences, which can determine relationships or identify crime suspects. They employ various technologies, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis, for amplifying and comparing DNA fragments, and mitochondrial DNA sequencing, which is often used in cases where nuclear DNA is not available.
Those pursuing careers in forensics should obtain a solid foundation in the sciences, with specializations in areas like biology or chemistry, and have laboratory experience. Their expertise is also vital in court, where they present and interpret DNA evidence.
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what is the solution set of the quadratic equation x^4-x^2-2=0
Answer:
(x^4-x^2-2)^0=0
0=0
simple
I don’t think this question belongs to biology section nut if understood you well
2-2=0
x^2-2=x^0
x^0=1
Then x^4-x^0=x^4-1=x^3
So x^4-x^2-2=x^3
Now the equation is x^3=0
The same is x^3=0^3
so x=0
11. Nery wants to create a Labradoodle. She says "If I mate a Poodle and a Labrador
Retriever, then I can breed a Labradoodle." Her statement is an example of a(n)
Select one:
A. Observation
B. Hypothesis
C. Procedure
D. Theory
Explanation:
B. Hypothesis
A scientist comes up with a hypothesis which is a testable explanation for the phenomenon or what’s occurring
A prediction of the outcome is usually made based on the hypothesis...
Further Explanation:
Scientific investigations usually begin with observations. These are typically something that would catch the researcher’s attention. Then, the scientist comes up with a hypothesis which is a testable explanation for the phenomenon or what’s occurring a prediction is usually made based on the hypothesis.
A prediction of the outcome is usually made based on the hypothesis, after which it is tested via an experiment. The scientist then use the results to make new hypotheses or predict certain outcomes.
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What could be a good effect of a mutation?
O
A. More variety in a population.
O
B. Less variety in a population.
O
C. DNA is destroyed
O
D. DNA does not function properly.
The good effect of a mutation is A. More variety in a population.
What is mutation?A mutation is a change inside the DNA sequence of an organism. Mutations can result from errors in DNA replication in the course of cell department, publicity to mutagens. The mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide series of the genome of an organism, virus, extrachromosomal DNA, or different genetic factors. Mutations in the structure of genes may be categorized as Small-scale Mutationsand big Scale Mutations.Maximum mutations aren't dangerous, but some may be. A dangerous mutation can bring about a genetic disease or maybe cancer. any other form of mutation is a chromosomal mutation. Chromosomes, placed within the cellular nucleus, are tiny threadlike structures that convey genes.Hence, the good effect of a mutation is A. More variety in a population.
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How does a greenhouse works
Answer:
A greenhouse is a building with glass walls and a glass roof. Greenhouses are used to grow plants, such as tomatoes and tropical flowers. A greenhouse stays warm inside, even during the winter. In the daytime, sunlight shines into the greenhouse and warms the plants and air inside.
Explanation:
in cystic fibrosis, a change in a single gene causes the protein called CFTR to?
a. become less soluble
b. fold improperly
c. destroy the cell membrane
d. transport sodium ions
Jackrabbit
The jackrabbit is a desert mammal. The jackrabbit's
circulatory system increases blood flow to the ears
during hot days. The blood flow to the ears decreases
during cool or cold nights. This circulation pattern is
most directly related to
A detoxification
B excretion
O Cosmosis
D homeostasis
OSE
CHO
Answer:
Hello!
The answer is D) Homeostasis
Explanation:
Homeostasis:
The regulation of a cell or an animal's internal environment in response to fluctuations in the external environment is called homeostasis.
Homeostasis is crucial to maintain an optimum environment for cell structures to work effectively.
In this case, the jackrabbiit's circulatory system is responding to fluctuating temperatures. In hot days, the body is at risk of heating up above optimum temperature which could hamper body functions. Therefore, the blood flow to the ears is increased to facilitate heat loss.
In cold temperatures, the blood flow to the ears is decreased to conserve heat for vital body organs. The blood flow is directed to the core of the body to protect the heart, lungs, liver and brain.
Final answer:
The jackrabbit's circulatory system adapts to temperature changes by regulating blood flow to its ears, directly relating to homeostasis, which maintains a stable internal environment in varying temperatures.
Explanation:
The jackrabbit's circulatory system facilitates the regulation of body temperature, a phenomenon known as homeostasis. On hot days, vasodilation occurs, increasing blood flow to the jackrabbit's ears where heat can be dissipated through radiation and evaporative cooling. Conversely, on cooler nights, vasoconstriction minimizes blood flow to the ears to conserve body heat. This pattern directly relates to homeostasis because it is a way for the organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite the varying external temperatures.
When two comparisons groups within an experiment are identical except for one variable the experiment is called
Answer:
Controlled experiment
Explanation:
A controlled experiment is a type of experimentation that is done under controlled conditions. The procedure entails changing or manipulating one (sometimes more than one) variable or factor at a time, but keeping everything else the same between the groups.
This is done to ensure that the factor or variable they are testing is what elicits any changes in the subject. One group is always kept in normal or standard conditions, to serve as a base line to compare to.
By the end of prophase, each of the following has occurred except ____.
Question 7 options:
tighter coiling of the chromosomes
breaking down of the nuclear envelope
disappearing of the nucleolus
lining up of chromosomes in the cell
By the end of prophase in Mitosis, each of the following has occurred except lining up of the chromosomes in the cell.
Explanation:
Prophase is divided into 2 phases early and late prophase.
Early prophase: The nuclear membrane starts dissociating, centrioles starts to migrate to the opposite poles, chromatin fibres (4) becomes thicker and condensed,
Late Prophase: From the centrioles that are at the opposite poles, Spindle fibres and 2 astral rays are formed. The spindle fibres get attached to the chromosomes.
The prophase will be followed by the metaphase, the chromosomes formed will be adjusted at the equatorial plate.
The description 'lining up of chromosomes in the cell' does NOT occur by the end of prophase.
Mitosis is a cell division by which one cell is divided to generate two genetically identical daughter cells.This type of cell division has four main stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.During prophase, the chromatin condenses, the nuclear envelope disintegrates, the nucleolus disappears and centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell (animal cells).During metaphase, the chromosomes align at the equator plate of the cell in order to travel to opposite poles in anaphase.In conclusion, the description 'lining up of chromosomes in the cell' does NOT occur by the end of prophase.
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please i want the answer and explanation , explanation is needed
I think it’s c
Primarily, lactic acid fermentation differs from ethyl alcohol fermentation in that lactic acid, rather than ethanol, is the resulting by-product. When exposed to oxygen, lactic acid molecules break down into carbon dioxide and water.
Some rivers no longer reach the ocean because
A) mud and sand from floods have blocked their channels
B) too much water is taken out of the watershed upstream
C) they are now polluted and people have redirected them
D) there is too much erosion and reshaping in the watershed
In rna the nucleotide is used in place of thymine in dna
Answer:
In RNA, thymine is replaced with Uracil.
Explanation:
Genetic material (DNA and RNA) is made up of nucleotides. These are Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil. Three of them (Adenine, Cytosine, and Guanine) are present in both types of genetic material, i.e. DNA and RNA. However, in DNA Thymine is present whereas in RNA, Uracil replaces Thymine. They are similar in structure except that Thymine has additional methyl group.
2. What could cause several species to evolve into several hundred species?
Answer:
Evolutionary process could cause several species to evolve into several hundred species
Explanation:
Being an evolutionary process, it gives rise to new species in more numbers. It is caused because of mutation upon a certain population for a long time. Various other mechanism can also lead to speciation. Another thing is also responsible for it that is genetic drift which leads to random ups and down in the population frequencies. That is helpful in evolution of several other species. Natural selection is also an factor for large evolution and species formation
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Answer 12
Answer:
The 2 ways abiotic factors affect biotic factors are as follows:
An alligator submerges itself under water to stay cool in the summer.A naked mole rat creates burrows underground.Explanation:
Abiotic Factors:
All non-living factors that is present or influences an ecosystem. Abiotic factors determine the dynamics of an ecosystem such as the terrain, the atmosphere as well as the inhabitant flora and fauna. Water, sunlight, oxygen, temperature, and soil are all abiotic factors.
Biotic Factors:
All living factors in an ecosystem i.e. the plants and animals.
Lets analyze all the options:
A bird picking food out of an alligator's teeth is an interaction between 2 biotic factors, the bird and the alligator or in another case, the bird and the food.Water being oxygenated is an interaction between 2 abiotic factors: water and oxygen.Phase II drug degradation reactions involves linking of conjugates to the drugs are ___
A) Glutathione
B) Glycine
C) Both (a) & (b)
D) None of these
Answer:
Hi!
The answer is (C) Both (a) and (b)
Explanation:
Drug Metabolism:
Drug metabolism is divided into two steps: Phase 1 and Phase 2 reactions. Phase 1 reactions involve the degradation or formation of functional groups.Phase 2 reactions involve the conjugation of the drug or its Phase 1 intermediate with a polar conjugating molecule. Phase 2 generally performs the detoxification step in the drug degradation process. Phase 2 or conjugation reactions are further divided into 2 types: Type 1: Glucoronidation and sulfonation: An activated conjugating molecule such as glucoronic acid, sulfate or glutathione etc. is combined with the drug to form a conjugated molecule. Type 2: Amino acid conjugation: An activated drug or substrate is conjugated with an amino acid such as glycine or glutamine.Glutathione Conjugation:
Glutathione is a tripeptide found in most tissues, particularly in the liver. It performs important detoxification functions for all cells. The enzyme, glutathione S-transferase conjugates glutathione with drug intermediates to form a drug-glutathione conjugate. This conjugate can easily be excreted through bile or urine.
Amino acid Conjugation:
This is an important reaction in xenobiotic biotransformation; particularly for xenobiotics with carboxylic group or an aromatic hydroxylamine groups. Drug intermediates combine with glycine or glutamine to form an amino acid conjugate.
What must happen to DNA before cells can divide?
Before a cell divides, DNA must copy itself in order to check for errors and make sure that the cells produced will have the correct number of chromosomes
In a twisted ladder model of a DNA molecule, the rails represent the
and the rungs represent the of the nucleotides.
OA) sugars and phosphates; nitrogen bases
OB) nitrogen bases; sugars and phosphates
OC) adenine and thymine; guanine and cytosine
OD) guanine and cytosine; adenine and thymine
THE
The rails in the twisted ladder model of DNA represent the sugar-phosphate backbones and the rungs represent the pairs of nitrogen bases. The correct answer to the student's question is OA) sugars and phosphates; nitrogen bases.
Explanation:In the classic double helix model of DNA, the "rails" of the twisted ladder are made up of the sugar-phosphate backbone, while the "rungs" correspond to the pairs of nitrogenous bases. Each nucleotide, which is the basic building unit of DNA, consists of a phosphate group, a sugar (deoxyribose), and a nitrogenous base. The backbone structure is formed by the sugar of one nucleotide connecting to the phosphate group of the next, creating a long chain that makes up the sides of the ladder. The nucleotides from one strand connect to those of a complementary strand via hydrogen bonds between their nitrogenous bases, which form the rungs of the ladder with adenine (A) always pairing with thymine (T), and guanine (G) always pairing with cytosine (C).
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is: OA) sugars and phosphates; nitrogen bases. The sugars and phosphates form the structure of the double helix, and the nitrogen bases interact in the middle, creating base pairs that hold the two strands together like the steps of a ladder.
Which property of water remains unchanged when it recycles in the atmosphere
Answer:
Molecular arrangement is the property of water remains unchanged when it recycles in the atmosphere .
Explanation:
In the water, Molecular arrangement remains same when it recycles in the atmosphere . A water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms bonded to an oxygen atom, and its overall structure is bent.
This is because the oxygen atom, in addition to forming bonds with the hydrogen atoms, also carries two pairs of unshared electrons. All of the electron pairs—shared and unshared—repel each other. Thus it is the element or property which remains in same condition.
The chemical composition of water, specifically the molecular structure of H₂O, remains unchanged during the water cycle as it moves through the atmosphere, despite undergoing phase changes.
The property of water that remains unchanged when it recycles in the atmosphere is its chemical composition. Each water molecule, consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H₂O), maintains this structure throughout the water cycle, regardless of the physical state it may be in (solid, liquid, or gas). Despite continuous phase changes such as evaporation, condensation, and precipitation, the intrinsic molecular structure of water does not alter. Water's unique properties, including its high specific heat and density anomaly where solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water, play crucial roles in weather systems and the environment without changing the actual H₂O molecule.
As water evaporates, forms clouds, and returns as precipitation, it moves energy through the atmosphere, driving weather patterns. The vast amount of energy required for the temperature of water to change protects our climate by absorbing and releasing heat at a slower rate. This characteristic also significantly impacts Earth's weather, as it allows water to store heat, influencing weather events like hurricanes. Despite these changes in state and temperature, the chemical composition of water remains consistent during the hydrologic cycle.
Using the product rule of probability, calculate the odds of getting an individual that receives the bb genotype and therefore shows the recessive trait, white flowers. A) 1/4 X 1/4 = 1/16 B) 1/2 X 1/2 = 1/4 C) 1/4 + 1/4 = 1/2 D) 3 X 1/4 = 3/4; 1 - 3/4 = 1/4
The recessive trait, white flowers are shown as 1/2* 1/2= 1/4. So, the correct option is B.
What is Probability?Probability means possibility which is a branch of mathematics that deals with the occurrence of a random event. The value is expressed from zero to one. Probability has been introduced in Mathematics to predict how likely events are to happen.
A probability rule that is very useful in genetics is the product rule, which states that the probability of two or more independent events occurring simultaneously can be calculated by multiplying the individual probabilities of the events. Like in above given information, Probability of recessive trait is 1/4.
Thus. the recessive trait, white flowers are shown as 1/2* 1/2= 1/4. So, the correct option is B.
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What is vermin composting
Answer: the type of composting in which some species of earthworms are used to enhance the process of organic waste conversion and produce a better end product it is the process of utilizing microorganism and earthworms
Final answer:
Vermin composting is the biological process that uses worms and micro-organisms to break down organic waste into nutrient-rich compost, with various organisms interacting within this ecosystem.
Explanation:
Vermin composting, also known as vermicomposting, is the process of using various species of worms, such as red wigglers or earthworms, to decompose organic food waste, turning it into a nutritious soil amendment known as vermicompost. This composting process involves both physical and chemical decomposition facilitated by the worms and an array of micro-organisms. A compost pile may exhibit heat due to the exothermic reactions of decomposition, and sometimes interesting organisms such as slime molds can be found growing on compost.
Some complex ecosystems, like those in an underground garden, could involve organisms like fungi interacting with leaf litter and waste to create food sources, such as the nodular proliferations used by certain ants. The resulting compost is rich in nutrients, improving soil structure and fertility when applied to gardens and crop fields. This kind of composting not only recycles waste but also reduces landfill use and enhances plant growth.
what part of your school fils up the inside of the cell
Answer:
1) vacuole= ur school canteen (if u hve one)
2) chloroplast = ur science teachers
3) lysosomes= ur MATH TEACHER!!!!!!!!! lol
4)NUCLEUS=UR PRINCIPAL'S OFFICE
5)Golgi body = ur school bus
6) cell wall= guards at ur school
A pea plant with round seeds (RR) is crossbred with another pea plant with wrinkled seeds (rr). What is the probability of the offspring having wrinkled seeds?
Answer:
0
Explanation:
The parent plants are each heterozygous for round seeds and heterozygous for wrinkled seeds. Each parent contributes one allele to the offspring plant. As such, the only possible genotype of all offspring plants would be Rr (which would have round seeds as round seeds allele is dominant). Hence, no offspring can have wrinkled seeds.
Answer: 0%
Explanation: The parent plants are each heterozygous for round seeds and heterozygous for wrinkled seeds. Each parent contributes one allele to the offspring plant.
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What features allowed herbivores and carnivores to consume their specific diets
Answer:
The digestive systems of carnivores and herbivores are very different. Carnivores typically have only one stomach chamber and a simple digestive system. ... Herbivores have large, flat teeth that grind up plant materials. In contrast, carnivores have mostly sharp, pointed teeth that are used for tearing flesh
Explanation:
Diffusion occurs because
a. molecules constantly move and collide with each other.
b. The concentration of a solution is never the same throughout a solution.
c. The concentration of a solution is always the same throughout a solution.
d. Molecules never move or collide with each other.
Diffusion occurs because the molecules constantly move and collide with each other. Hence, the correct option is A.
What is diffusion?Diffusion refers to the motion of molecules from a region of high concentration to the region of low concentration. By doing so, the molecules of the substance will try to attain equilibrium. Hence, they will try to equalize their concentration on both the sides of the membrane.
Diffusion occurs in all the living beings, which facilitates the movement of substances or molecules in and out of the cell under a concentration gradient.
It is mainly of 2 types: Simple diffusion where it occurs simply without the help of any facilitators, while facilitated diffusion where the diffusion occurs with the help of solute-specific facilitators or carrier proteins.
The substances which are in the liquid and gaseous phases readily undergo diffusion due to the presence of intermolecular spaces between them.
Thus, the correct option is A. The molecules constantly move and collide with each other and cause diffusion.
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Why is the Calvin cycle dependent on the light-dependent reaction?
Answer:
The overall purpose of the light-dependent reactions is to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP. This chemical energy will be used by the Calvin cycle to fuel the assembly of sugar molecules.
Explanation:
Can the scientific method be used to prove unique historical events?
o Yes
NO
Answer:
Yes
Explanation:
if you use the scientific method in that way then yes you can
Answer:
Yes, is the correct answer!
Explanation:
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The remains of living organisms are compressed and stuck together over time to form a rock. What type of rock is it?
A. foliated metamorphic
B. chemical sedimentary
C. clastic sedimentary
D. organic sedimentary
Dead organisms when get compressed and stuck together inside soil for long time, gives rise to organic sedimentary rocks.
Option D
Explanation:
Organic sedimentary rocks are the types of sedimentary rocks generally formed in swamps or water logged areas over years where remains of living organisms like leaf or dead bodies of animals get petrified and stored under the soil for considerable amount of time and due to carbon deposition, it forms rocks. Most classical example of this type of sedimentary rocks is coal.
When a dead organism gets stuck and dies, firstly the body gets petrified. Then the minerals from surrounding soil and from the body itself gets to deposit in that place and slowly with time, it forms the rock.
Which of the following is a true statement about the flow of energy in an ecosystem?
a. Smaller organisms need less energy per gram of body weight than do larger organisms.
6. Energy transfer between organisms normally involves conservation of heat energy.
C. Energy is lost between trophic levels.
Energy is lost between trophic levels.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The source of energy for all organisms is the Sun. The Tropic levels exhibit the flow of energy in an ecosystem. The flow of energy is always in one direction. The energy level decreases crossing each trophic level as energy is lost in the form of heat.
Primary producers are the first in Trophic level, The Herbivores fall in the next level , the Carnivores form the next level and the decomposers are the last in the trophic level. The decomposers decompose all the living organisms and convert to nutrients that are available in the soil. The plants take up this nutrient and hence this is a cycle.
What are two effects of urban sprawl on an owls ecosystem and explain?
Answer:
Urban sprawl has caused a lot of damage to ecosystems and the environment. Since the owl ecosystem is in question, the following two effects are seen-
1. Loss of food
2. Loss of habitat
Explanation:
Urban sprawl is the process by which urbanization is taking place by destroying forests and constructing buildings and cities. The owl is a nocturnal bird that sleeps during the day and preys at night. The owl feeds on small rodents, grasshoppers, snakes etc. They live in trees, farmlands, prairie, etc.
If the forests are cut, the trees where the owls reside will be lost. They will become homeless and will have to move elsewhere to find food.
Since they feed on rodents, these rodents hide in the grass and under the trees. If the grass and trees are destroyed to make roads and buildings, the owl will remain hungry and will eventually die if it does not relocate.