how did the feudal and manor systems promote a social hierarchy within medieval europe?

by eliminating the need for trade and a merchant class'

by encouraging the rise of artisans and guilds

by binding lower classes to specific tasks and roles

by tightening loyalties between vassals and lieges

A test that Fall had forgotten to cover was discovered.

The $100,000 loan from Doheny a Fall.

This discovery opened the scandal.

The civil and criminal lawsuits related to the scandal continued throughout the 1920s.

In 1479, at the end of the Castilian War of Succession, which involved Portugal against the Catholic Monarchs, the Treaty of Alcáçovas was signed and a period of rapproachement between Spain and Portugal began. The text also settled several pending territorial issues between the two Crowns: the Canary Islands belonged by right to Castile; the Kingdom of Fez, the Azores and Madeira islands, Cape Verde, Guinea and the right of navegation beyond the Canaries, were recognized to Portugal.

For that reason, when being the Portuguese territories to the east of the Spanish ones, their explorations continued in that direction. This is how, bordering the African continent, the Portuguese explorers reached the Indian Ocean, where they formed colonies dedicated to expand their trade.

Portugal created small commercial bases in several points of Africa and the Indian Ocean, obtaining presence in the most important commercial routes of that tim, and began to charge those who passed through its colonies.

Portugal lost its power when, in 1581 in the middle of a dynasty crisis, the Spanish Crown came to the Portuguese throne. However, in 1668 Portuguese sovereignity over its territory was restored.

Portugal continued administrating colonies until 1970.

Portugal was leading the way in the early days of oceanic exploration due to their development of sailing innovations, along with the strong support provided by their government, including the overseas enthusiast Prince Henry. At the time, Spain and Portugal were leaders in overseas exploration (countries such as France or England were busy with wars and conflicts) and Spain was heading west, followed by Portugal exploring the east. The Royal House of Aviz was the ruling house at the time in Portugal, and they were set to establish a direct trade route to Asia. This allowed Portuguese captains to secure numerous trade routes along the shores of Africa, followed by the Middle East, India, China, and the East Indies and allowing Portugal to take the lead in the exploration of the Indian Ocean.

The reason for this small country to gain supremacy over the trade was for many reasons, some of which we discussed earlier. We already know that they took the lead in exploring the eastern seas, while Spain traveled west, and countries such as England and France were at war, so that's one point for Portugal. Portugal had a heavy Catholic influence, and the Pope was supporting these endeavors. Prince Henry founded the first navigation school, where ship captains learned to perfect their trade. New markets were opening due to the increasingly wealthier Portuguese. Bartolomeu Días route to Africa in 1488, Vasco da Gama amazing journey in 1497 establishing a direct route to India, along with the Treaty of Tordesillas which divided the kept Spain away for at least 20 years, allowed Portugal to gain supremacy over this region.

Portugal ultimately lost it's reign forever as the Asian trade was diverted through increasing trade posts from the English, Dutch, and French, along with the increasing European Colonialism.

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Answer:

B) Florence established a banks all over Europe and developed a uniform currency.

Explanation:

During the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the Florentines actively participated in the wars between Guelphs and Ghibellines, factions vying for the succession of the imperial crown. The Guelphs defended paper power and were against noble privileges, while the Ghibellines, supported by the German Emperor, opposed the power of the Pontiff. Florence was predominantly Guelfa. The nobility was very weakened by these struggles and was expelled from power in 1293, opening the period of the second people.

At that time Florence was the first city in Tuscany, as Pisa had been defeated by Genoa in 1284 and Siena was beginning to decline. The city was one of the most active in Italy. The businesses were family owned and had branches throughout western Europe. The older companies were still involved in the dispute between whites and blacks, factions into which the Guelphs were divided, and suffered their consequences. These political conflicts did not prevent Florence from establishing banks and becoming one of the most powerful and prosperous cities in Europe, where trade was headed, unlike Venice, which expanded into the Mediterranean.

An example of its power was the creation of the “golden guilder” in 1252, a currency that would remain for more than three centuries as one of the world's monetary standards alongside the Venetian duchy.

From 1326, the new companies were dedicated to the commerce, the industry and the most important economic activity, the financial one. The Florentines organized the large-scale loan: they lent money to the sovereigns of Europe in exchange for leasing taxes.

Hitler annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia and forced them to do it but Austria had made an approval about bringing their Nazis into his government but then later on changed their mind. Hitler then claimed that the Czechs were Mistreating German-speaking people, but then Franc and Britain promised to defend Czechs and their leaders met Hitler in Munich and made the agreement that Sudetenland would be his last territorial demand.

Adolf Hitler expanded Germany's territory through military actions and annexations, such as the Anschluss and the annexation of the Sudetenland. His ambition to achieve Lebensraum or living space drove Germany's expansion eastward, culminating in the invasion of Poland and the start of World War II.

Adolf Hitler began to expand Germany's territory through a series of military actions and annexations. After coming to power in 1933, Hitler withdrew Germany from the League of Nations and started rebuilding the German military.

In 1938, he orchestrated the annexation of Austria, known as the Anschluss, and then demanded that the Sudetenland region of Czechoslovakia be incorporated into Germany. Hitler's ambition to expand eastward, driven by the concept of Lebensraum or living space, eventually led to Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939, which marked the beginning of World War II.

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(B) Theravada Buddhism is limited to monks and nuns,while the Buddha extended his teachings to everyone.

Answer:

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One of reasons the Central Powers were defeated was the entrance of the US forces into the war brought vast new resources to the allied forces. This also meant that the Allied forces were able to produce more war materials than the Central Powers, which proved to be decisive.

Explanation:

Ethnic and collectivistic

Nazi Germany, as per Liah Greenfeld's analysis, exemplifies an extreme form of nationalist ideology, known as fascist nationalism, defined by ultra-nationalism, racism, and authoritarianism.

According to Liah Greenfeld, Nazi Germany is an example of a nationalism that is highly authoritarian and ethnically exclusive. This form of nationalism is considered an extreme, which is characterized by a sense of superiority of a particular national group, exclusion of minorities, and the presence of an authoritarian leadership to enforce these ideas. This paradigm of nationalism paved the way for totalitarianism and can be described as fascist nationalism, as it exhibits traits of ultra-nationalism and racism, where the fascist party, led by Hitler, took nationalism to a disturbing place by characterizing the Aryan race as superior and others as enemies or liabilities.

Samuel Morse issued warnings about sexual corruption in the Catolic Church arguing that Jesuit priests were undermining American education. He has formed the native American Democratic Association in 1835.  

Even though Morse’s opinions were within the mainstream by the time, his anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant posture lead to intolerance. These views would explode violently in the 1840s, especially in Philadelphia, where the deadly “Bible Riots” of 1844 left dozens dead, Catholic churches in ruins, and hundreds of homes destroyed.

I think nativist organizations are based on narrow religious belief, leading to intolerance against any foreign ideas that can contribute to human evolution.

Samuel Morse expressed nativist fears to the chairman of the Native American Democratic Association, highlighting concerns about immigration's impact on American identity.

In his letter to the chairman of the Native American Democratic Association, Samuel Morse expressed nativist fears about the impact of immigration on American identity and culture. He argued that the influx of foreign immigrants threatened to dilute the traditional values and customs of the United States. Morse believed that nativist organizations were necessary to protect American society from these perceived threats. Such nativist fears can lead to intolerance because they often involve the belief in the superiority of one's own culture or race and the exclusion or mistreatment of others.

Nativists may advocate for restrictive immigration policies, discrimination against marginalized groups, and the suppression of cultural diversity. Intolerance arises when these beliefs and actions deny individuals their rights and dignity. Nativist organizations are not inherently intolerant, but they have the potential to be so. While some nativist groups focus on preserving culture and advocating for stricter immigration controls without promoting intolerance, others may foster an environment of prejudice and discrimination. It depends on the perspectives, goals, and actions of the specific organization.

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Someone lamenting about the "glass ceiling" would be concerned about workplace discrimination, letter A. This metaphor was created for feminists to illustrate the invisible barrier that keeps women to achieve the same professional achievements as men. Barriers such as the gender pay gap ( the difference between male and female in earnings) and the glass escalator (when men join fields that were previously occupied mainly by women) are examples of this phenomenon.  

The correct answer is option A: workplace discrimination.

The expression "glass ceiling" makes reference to an invisible but true barrier that prevents women and minorities from being promoted to managerial and executive level positions within an organization. Such barriers exist due to implicit prejudice on the basis of sex, age, ethnicity, social status, political or religious affiliation.

The phrase "glass ceiling" is used to describe the difficulties faced by women when trying to move to higher roles in a male-dominated hierarchy. The barriers are most often unwritten, meaning that women are more likely to be restricted from advancing through accepted norms, rather than defined corporate policies.

Pilgrimage is the sacred act of traveling to a sacred place in almost every religion.

Kaaba, which means a cube in Arabic, is the most sacred place in Islam. It is a square building embroidered with silk and cotton work, is located in Mecca in Saudi Arabia.

Muslims pray five times a day. After 624 CE, they always turned to Kaaba for prayer, not Jerusalem, wherever they were in the world. In each mosque, the direction towards Mecca is indicated so that they know in which direction they are to be prayed. The Qurayush tribe, who ruled  Mecca, restored the pre-Islamic Kaaba in architectural terms in 608 CE.

Officially the beginning of Islam is the transfer of Muhammed from Mecca to Medina. After his return to Mecca 629/30, Mecca became the main center of Muslim faith, ritual and pilgrimage. All the elements of Paganism, which were present around Kaaba, was cleansed by Muhammad, and established Islam as a monotheistic religion. Within Kaaba is the Black Stone, believed that Ibrahim have been received  from the angel Gabriel and respected by  Arabs before Islam and later by Muslims, too.

By this act of cleansing from idol, Mihammed restored Kaaba from pre-Islamic time to the very beginning, monotheism. It is believed that Kaaba was built by Abraham or Ibrahim, known in the muslim world, and his firstborn son, Ismail, and the Black Stone was placed there. From the very beginning, Kaaba emphasized the monotheism of Ibraham. Over the centuries, he has acquired the elements of paganism which Mohammed had purified and returned to the monotheism of Ibrahim. Yet all the time, even before the emergence of Islam, for the Arabs, Kaaba is the holy place because it was established by the father of all nations - Ibrahim (Abraham).

The right option is the first, Mapp v. Ohio.

This case, decided by the U.S. Supreme Court on June 19, 1961, ruled (6–3), it was stated, strenghtened the effects of the exclusionary rule, which was debated in other cases (Bram v. United States, Wolf v. Colorado and others). It states that evidence obtained through violation of the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits “unreasonable searches and seizures,” is inadmissible in all state courts.

Answer:

Mapp vs. Ohio

Explanation:

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C) they were accused of being responsible for the Bubonic Plague.

In the mid-1300s thousands of European Jews were murdered by other Europeans because they were accused of being responsible for the Bubonic Plague.

One of the three plagues that the plague bacterium can produce is bubonic plague. Flu-like symptoms appear one to seven days following bacterial contact.

Along with fever, headaches, and vomiting, these signs and symptoms can include enlarged and painful lymph nodes in the region closest to the site where the bacterium entered the skin.

Another sign is acral necrosis, a darkening of the skin. Occasionally, "buboes," or enlarged lymph nodes, may burst open. Bubonic plague, septicemic plague, and pneumonic plague are the three different types of plague as a result of the infection route.

Infected fleas from small animals are the major carriers of the bubonic plague. It might also happen if you come into contact with a dead animal that has the plague.

Animals that are susceptible to the bubonic plague, such rabbits, hares, and several cat species, often pass away after contracting it. When the bubonic plague strikes, the bacteria enter the body by a flea bite and move through the lymphatic system to a lymph node, where they cause it to enlarge.

Learn more about Bubonic Plague, here

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The correct answer is A, "A series of crises had accelerated the end feudalism in Europe."

Answer:

"A series of crises had accelerated the end feudalism in Europe."

Explanation:

The author included the information about 1920 and 1925 because that was the time the U.S economy expanded rapidly, The Roaring Twenties. Until 1925 there wasn’t legal requirement to separate the operations of commercial and investment banks, the investment banking was consisted of JP Morgan & Co, Kuhn, Loeb & Co, Brown Brothers and Kindder, Peabody & Co. Their funds could be used to fund the underwriting business of the investment baking side.

In 1929 everyone was putting their savings into stocks, not only the wealth part but the poor part too and because of that the stock market reached the peak in August 1929. But than the production declined causing unemployment and with that the stock prices were much higher than their actual value. The economy was struggling, the debt was rising and the banks had and excess of large loans that couldn’t be liquidated.

In the 1930s over 9,000 banks failed because people didn’t trusted them to put their saving. The Great Depression the official unemployment rate was 25% and the stock marked declined 75% since 1929. But in 1933 now with Rooselvet’s administration he took immediate action about the economic woes first announcing that all banks would close, Bank Holiday. The Congress would pass reform legislation and reopen the banks. In “first 100 days” Roosevelt’s administration stabilized the industrial and agricultural production and created jobs and also created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to protect depositors’ accounts and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to regulate the stock market and prevent what happened in 1929.

The big change between the crises in the 20s and 30s were all about who was in charge, President Hebert Hoover didn’t take much lead about the crises but Roosevelt did.

To set a standard during normal times to compare depression years against

Bank holiday and regulations put in place, returning of consumer confidence.

Regulations in place kept banks safer, financially unsound banks were out of business by then.

This letter was written by Leo Szilard, a Hungarian-German-American physicist and signed by Albert Einstein on August 2, 1939. In this letter he urged the president to get involve on a nuclear research and project as Germany might be planning and developing an atomic bomb.

In 1939, Albert Einstein signed a letter to President Roosevelt, urged by scientists fleeing Nazi Germany, emphasizing the importance of advancing U.S. nuclear research to combat the potential threat of German atomic weapons. This action led to the start of the Manhattan Project.

In Einstein's letter to President Roosevelt, he urged the President to take military action in response to the threat of Nazi Germany's nuclear research.

The letter highlighted the importance of promoting nuclear research in the US to ensure national security.

Through this correspondence, scientists sought to raise awareness about the potential development of powerful atomic bombs by Germany.

In 1939, alarmed by the potential of Nazi Germany to develop atomic weapons, a group of eminent scientists led by Leo Szilard, and including Hungarian physicist Edward Teller and Eugene Wigner, sought the help of Albert Einstein to alert the United States government. They wrote a letter, which Einstein signed, directed to President Franklin Roosevelt. This letter emphasized the urgent need for the U.S to accelerate its own nuclear research to ensure they were not outpaced by Nazi Germany. The plea was to initiate and support nuclear research which could lead to the development of atomic bombs, a new and immensely powerful type of weapon. Einstein's involvement lent the letter gravitas, and it played a pivotal role in spurring the U.S. government into action, leading to the eventual development of the Manhattan Project, America's own atomic bomb program.

The images used here represent a very significant event in American history. That event was the attacks on September 11, 2001. It was important because aside from the British invasion during the war of 1812 and the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour, there had never been an attack of such a magnitude on American soil. America thought it was safe and isolated from the problems in the rest of the world. The picture of the newspaper, with the headline "U.S. ATTACKED" would have been incredibly shocking to those who read it. The other two images of the impacts themselves and the second plane, moving towards the towers show the magnitude of the attacks.

Each person remembers clearly what he or she was doing on the day that critical events took place. I was teaching when 9/11 occurred. The first thing I did was phone my wife (who is an American living in Canada) and tell her to turn on the TV.

She started to ask me why. I didn't know what to say. It was about 9 o'clock (am) our time. I told her just to do it. I wasn't sure what exactly was going on, but there were a lot of students crowded around the TV. It struck me that it must be important. I normally teach Math, but on that day nothing was taught. As the attack sunk in, we silently kept vigil that day, mourning the fact that man finds it necessary to murder innocents.

I was also teaching when Kennedy was shot. I had exactly the same reaction -- a sadness that was hard to live through. We never learn.

Oe of the goals of the lies was to support Russia by:

The Great Compromise was one of the agreements made during the Constitutional Convention of 1787. States that had a greater population argued that they should have a greater representation in Congress. Smaller states demanded equal representation, as they argued that unequal representation would lead to an unfair dominance of the larger states over the country's affairs.

Roger Sherman ultimately came with the solution of a Congress with two houses. The House of Representatives would have representation proportional to the population in each state. However, the Senate would have 2 representatives per state. Regardless of their population.

The answer is (b.) the first gulf war

The first gulf war is between the coalition forces led by the US against Iraq. It is also know as Persian gulf war, Kuwait war, first Iraq war, or Iraq war. It started on August 2, 1990 and ended on February 28, 1991. While the six-day war is the conflict between Israel and Egypt in 1967 and Yom Kippur War in 1973.

Answer:

guy above me is correct can confirm

Explanation:

Technological developments continued to improve farming throughout the 1880’s and 1890’s.  New machinery increased the amount of land ton the Great Plains that could be farmed on, as it made it easier to access water and grow crops.  For example, wind pumps had improved significantly by the 1880’s.  

Technological developments continued to improve farming throughout the 1880’s and 1890’s.  New machinery increased the amount of land ton the Great Plains that could be farmed on, as it made it easier to access water and grow crops.  For example, wind pumps had improved significantly by the 1880’s. Metal wind pumps had been developed that were able to reach water hundreds of metres underground, and they only needed oiling once a year. Other new machinery made ploughing the land and growing crops easier. For example, seed drills were developed which were able to automatically plant seeds at the correct depth.

These new machines made faming more efficient and boosted the economy as farmers began to purchase machines. By the 1890’s the Great Plains had become a productive and fertile area of farming. Most homesteaders prospered.

The correct answer is D, "It helped end the social order of the manor system."

Answer:

Option: It helped end the social order of the manor system.

Explanation:

The Black Death changed the social structure in Europe by ending feudal system. It killed one-third of the Europe population because of the epidemic that spread through the bubonic plague. The death of people in enormous number led to the unbalance in the social structure. The Black Death affected not only the social structure but Agriculture, religion, and economics. Due to the instability of the social class in Europe led to the emergence of the Renaissance period.

HUNTING AND GATHERING.  When Europeans arrived in Australia, hunting and gathering were part of Aboriginal people's diet. Hunting and gathering activities; however, were not only linked with subsistence but also with economy and the law. In 1460, hunting and gathering were ways by which men could display concern for the belief system. As well as rituals, the hunting practice allowed men to have an opportunity to make claims regarding their position and authority level in the group. In addition, to hunt was to follow the law and respect its sovereignty.

Roma visa, the troops began to celebrate.

Having seen Rome, the troops began to celebrate.

Verbis auditis, the mob began to cry and shout with rage.

Having heard the words, the mob began to cry and shout with rage.

I believe the correct answer is option C. US investment money was cut off, causing large economic downturns.  

The Great Depression did happen to cause some difficulties for Latin American economy. The amount of US investment of products had declined majorly, meaning the export from Latin American country dropped a great deal.

Hope I could help! :)

Answer:c

Explanation:

The correct answer is B, "The people of Latin America had very little experience with self-government."

Answer:

The people of Latin America had very little experience with self-government.

Explanation:

As it has been documented, most of the military dictators in Latin America were trained in the School of the Americas, an institution that in the context of the Cold War guaranteed the fidelity of the Latin American armies to the foreign policy of the United States. In the case of Latin America, the threat of communism was commonly used as a pretext.

The typical military dictatorship in Latin America is led by a board or a committee composed of the leadership of the military's General Staff. This was how it happened in Argentina, between 1976 and 1983, in Uruguay between 1973 and 1984, in Chile between 1973 and 1990, Bolivia, between 1971 and 1978. In Paraguay, from 1954 to 1989, Dominican Republic, from 1930 to 1961, Peru , from 1968 to 1975, Ecuador, from 1972 to 1976. Colombia, between 1953 and 1957, Nicaragua between 1936 and 1956, Brazil from 1964 to 1985, Venezuela, between 1953 and 1958.

Like all dictatorships, a military dictatorship can be official or informal (some military dictators, such as Omar Torrijos Herrera and Manuel Noriega in Panama, appeared nominally subordinated to the civil government, despite being the strong man of the regime). The degree of control by the military over civil society is variable, there being more or less mixed situations, where the military exerts a very strong influence without being entirely dominant.

Robespierre led France during the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution. Leonardo Da Vinci was an example of a "Renaissance Man," good at a lot of skills, such as sculpting, architecture, engineering, science, and philosophy. Copernicus developed the heliocentric theory, the idea that the earth revolves around the sun. Michelangelo was the Florentine painter who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel and sculpted the David

The correct answer is option: 2

Olaudah Equiano brings the horrors of his journey by slave ship to life through his use of vivid sensory details.

Answer:

2. vivid sensory details

Explanation:

One of the characteristics of Equiano's account of his journey in a slave ship is the ample use of vivid sensory details that Equiano employs. These details include descriptive language, literary devices and imagery. The purpose of employing such methods is to allow the reader to imagine what Equiano's experience must have been like, and in this way enhance the persuasiveness of his text.

Hi There!

Cause: Slavery and the fact that the southern states in the U.S. wanted more slave states.

Effects: Mexico gave some of there territory to the U.S.

Hope This Helps :)

The US-Mexican War was incited by issues surrounding Texas' annexation by the US. Results of the war deeply affected the two nations, with Mexico losing significant territory and the US facing debates over slavery that moved the nation towards the Civil War.

The US-Mexican War was primarily sparked by the United States' annexation of Texas in 1845. Texas, formerly a Mexican territory, had declared itself an independent republic in the late 18th century, an action not fully recognized by Mexico. When the US decided to incorporate Texas into its territory, Mexico saw this as an act of aggression and it led to diplomatic tension which eventually erupted into war in 1846. The war ended in 1848 with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

The effect of the war was transformative for both the United States and Mexico. The most significant of these was the forced cession by Mexico of an enormous amount of territory, now known as the American Southwest. This included what is now the states of California, Utah, Nevada, and parts of Wyoming, Colorado, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Arizona.

Additionally, the war marked a critical stage in the ongoing debate over slavery as it intensified the issue of whether these newly added territories would allow slavery. This debate, in turn, moved the nation towards the Civil War.

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