Answer:
THE ANSWER IS: Rutherford, Marsden and Geiger discovered the dense atomic nucleus by bombarding a thin gold sheet with the alpha particles emitted by radium
Explanation:
4 The time to failure of an electrical component has a Weibull distribution with parameters λ = 0.056 and a = 2.5. A random collection of 500 components is obtained. Estimate the probability that at least 125 of the 500 components will have failure times larger than 20.
Answer:
the probability that at least 125 of the 500 components will have failure times larger than 20 is 0.7939
Explanation:
see the attached file
How fast (in rpm) must a centrifuge rotate if a particle 7.50 cm from the axis of rotation is to experience an acceleration of 119000 g's? If the answer has 4 digits or more, enter it without commas, e.g. 13500.
Explanation:
Below is an attachment containing the solution.
Suppose you watch a leaf bobbing up and down as ripples pass it by in a pond. You notice that it does two full up and down bobs each second. What is true of the ripples on the pond?
Answer:
The frequency of the ripples is 2Hz, and their period is 0.5 seconds.
Explanation:
Since the ripples on the pond are making the leaf oscillate up and down at a rate of two times per second, we can calculate the period T and the frequency f of the ripples on the pon[tex]T=\frac{1}{0.5Hz} =[/tex]d.
The frequency, by definition, is the number of waves per unit of time. In this case, we have two waves per second, so the frequency is 2s⁻¹, or 2Hz.
The period is the inverse of the frequency, so
[tex]T=\frac{1}{2Hz} =0.5s[/tex]
Then, the period is equal to 0.5 seconds.
A car is rounding a circular curve of radius r on a banked turn. As the drawing indicates, there are two forces acting on the car, its weight mg and the normal force FN exerted on it by the road. Which force, or force component, provides the centripetal force that keeps the car moving on the circular path?
1. The vertical component, FNcosθ of the normal force.
2. The horizontal component, FNsinθ of the normal force.
3. Both the normal force, FN, and the weight, mg, of the car.
4. The normal force, FN.
5. The weight, mg, of the car.
6. The horizontal component, FNsinθ of the norma.l
Answer:
Check attachment for the body diagram
Explanation:
Centripetal force is a net force that acts on an object to keep it moving along a circular path.
It is given as
F=ma
Where a =v²/r
F=mv²/r
The centripetal force is directed towards the center i.e inward.
Then, analysing the free body diagram, we notice that the horizontal component of the Normal force (FNsinθ) is directed towards the centre. Then, we can say the last option 6 is correct.
A centrifuge at a museum is used to separate seeds of different sizes. The average rotational acceleration of the centrifuge according to a sign is 30 rad/s2rad/s2. Part A If starting at rest, what is the rotational velocity of the centrifuge after 10 ss?
Answer:
[tex]\omega = 300 rad/s[/tex]
Explanation:
Given,
rotational acceleration = 30 rad/s²
initial angular speed = 0 m/s
time, t = 10 s
Final angular speed = ?
Using equation of rotation motion
[tex]\omega = \omega_o + \alpha t[/tex]
[tex]\omega =0+30\times 10[/tex]
[tex]\omega = 300 rad/s[/tex]
Rotational velocity after 10 s = 300 rad/s.
A student with a mass of 80.0 kg runs up three flights of stairs in 12.0 sec. The student has gone a vertical distance of 8.0 m. Determine the amount of work done by the student to elevate his body to this height. Determine the power consumed by the student. Assume that his speed is constant.
Explanation:
Work = Force x Displacement
Force = Weight of student
Weight = Mass x Acceleration due to gravity
Mass, m = 80 kg
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.81 m/s²
Weight = 80 x 9.81 = 784.8 N
Displacement = 8 m
Work = 784.8 x 8 = 6278.4 J
The amount of work done by the student to elevate his body to this height is 6278.4 J
Power is the ratio of work to time taken
[tex]P=\frac{W}{t}\\\\P=\frac{6278.4}{12}\\\\P=523.2W[/tex]
Power is 523.2 Watts
The power consumed by the student is 523.2 watts.
The calculation is as follows:[tex]Work = Force \times Displacement[/tex]
Force = Weight of student
[tex]Weight = Mass \times Acceleration\ due\ to\ gravity[/tex]
Mass, m = 80 kg
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.81 m/s²
[tex]Weight = 80 \times 9.81 = 784.8 N[/tex]
Displacement = 8 m
[tex]Work = 784.8 \times 8 = 6278.4 J[/tex]
So,
Power consumed should be
[tex]= 6278.4 \div 12[/tex]
= 523.2
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When the valve between the 2.00-L bulb, in which the gas pressure is 2.00 atm, and the 3.00-L bulb, in which the gas pressure is 4.00 atm, is opened, what will be the final pressure in the two bulbs
Answer:
[tex]P_{C} = 3.2\, atm[/tex]
Explanation:
Let assume that gases inside bulbs behave as an ideal gas and have the same temperature. Then, conditions of gases before and after valve opened are now modelled:
Bulb A (2 L, 2 atm) - Before opening:
[tex]P_{A} \cdot V_{A} = n_{A} \cdot R_{u} \cdot T[/tex]
Bulb B (3 L, 4 atm) - Before opening:
[tex]P_{B} \cdot V_{B} = n_{B} \cdot R_{u} \cdot T[/tex]
Bulbs A & B (5 L) - After opening:
[tex]P_{C} \cdot (V_{A} + V_{B}) = (n_{A} + n_{B})\cdot R_{u} \cdot T[/tex]
After some algebraic manipulation, a formula for final pressure is derived:
[tex]P_{C} = \frac{P_{A}\cdot V_{A} + P_{B}\cdot V_{B}}{V_{A}+V_{B}}[/tex]
And final pressure is obtained:
[tex]P_{C} = \frac{(2\,atm)\cdot (2\,L)+(4\,atm)\cdot(3\,L)}{5\,L}[/tex]
[tex]P_{C} = 3.2\, atm[/tex]
A steel ball is whirled on the end of a chain in a horizontal circle of radius R with a constant period T. If the radius of the circle is then reduced to 0.75R, while the period remains T, what happens to the centripetal acceleration of the ball?
When the radius of the circle is reduced while the period remains constant, the centripetal acceleration of the ball increases.
Explanation:When the radius of the circle is reduced to 0.75R while the period remains T, the centripetal acceleration of the ball increases.
Centripetal acceleration is given by the formula ac = v^2 / r, where v is the tangential velocity and r is the radius of the circle. Since the period T remains constant and the radius is reduced, the velocity of the ball must increase in order to cover the smaller circumference in the same amount of time, resulting in an increase in centripetal acceleration.
In the rough approximation that the density of a planet is uniform throughout its interior, the gravitational field strength (force per unit mass) inside the planet at a distance from the center is , where is the radius of the planet. (For the Earth, at least, this is only a rough approximation, because the outer layers of rock have lower density than the inner core of molten iron). 1. Using the uniform-density approximation, calculate the amount of energy required to move a mass m from the center of the Earth to the surface. 2. For comparison, how much energy would be required to move the mass from the surface of the planet to a very large distance away? 3. Imagine that a small hole is drilled through the center of the Earth from one side to the other. Determine the speed of an object of mass m, dropped into this hole, when it reaches the center of the planet.
Answer:
The answers to the questions are;
1. The amount of energy required to move a mass m from the center of the Earth to the surface is 0.5·m·g·R
2. The amount of energy required to move the mass from the surface of the planet to a very large distance away m·g·R.
3. The speed of an object of mass m, dropped into this hole, when it reaches the center of the planet is 9682.41783 m/s.
Explanation:
We note that the Work done W by the force F on the mass to move a small distance is given by
F×dr
The sum of such work to move the body to a required location is
W =[tex]\int\limits {F} \, dr[/tex]
F = mg' = m[tex]\frac{gr}{R}[/tex]
We integrate from 0 to R (the center to the Earth surface)
Therefore W = [tex]\int\limits^R_0 {m\frac{gr}{R}} \, dr[/tex]
Which gives W = [tex]\frac{mg}{R} [\frac{r^2}{2} ]^R_0 = \frac{1}{2}mgR[/tex]
2. To find the work done we have to integrate from the surface to infinity as follows W = [tex]\int\limits^{inf}_R {m\frac{gr}{R}} \, dr[/tex] = [tex]\frac{mg}{R} [\frac{r^2}{2} ]^{inf}_R = mgR[/tex]
The energy required to move the object to a large distance is equal to twice the energy reqired to move the object to the surface.
3 We note that the acceleration due to gravity at the surface is g and reduces to zero at the center of the Earth
v² = u² + 2·g·s
Radius of the Earth = 6371 km
From surface to half radius we have
v₁² = 2×9.81×6371/2×1000 = 62499460.04
v₁ = 7905.66 m/s
From the half the radius of the earth to the Earth center =
v₂² = 7905.66² + 2×9.81/2×6371/2×1000 = 93749215.04
v₂ = 9682.41783 m/s
The speed of an object of mass m, dropped into this hole, when it reaches the center of the planet. is 9682.41783 m/s
1. Energy to Move from Center to Surface: Using the uniform-density approximation, the energy required to move a mass m from Earth's center to the surface is [tex]\(-\frac{GMm}{R}\)[/tex]. 2. Energy to Move from Surface to Infinity: Moving the mass from the surface to infinity requires zero energy. 3. Speed at Earth's Center: The speed of an object dropped through a hole from the surface to the Earth's center is [tex]\(\sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R}}\)[/tex].
1. Energy to Move Mass from Center to Surface:
The gravitational potential energy U is given by:
[tex]\[ U = -\frac{GMm}{r} \][/tex]
where:
- G is the gravitational constant,
- M is the mass of the planet,
- m is the mass being moved,
- r is the distance from the center.
For this scenario, r is the radius of the planet R.
[tex]\[ U_{\text{center to surface}} = -\frac{GMm}{R} \][/tex]
2. Energy to Move Mass from Surface to Infinity:
When moving the mass to a very large distance away [tex](\( \infty \))[/tex], the potential energy becomes zero.
[tex]\[ U_{\text{surface to infinity}} = 0 \][/tex]
3. Speed of Object Dropped Through Earth's Center:[tex]\[ U_{\text{surface}} = K_{\text{center}} \]\[ -\frac{GMm}{R} = \frac{1}{2}mv^2 \][/tex]converted into kinetic energy at the center.
Solve for v:
[tex]\[ v = \sqrt{\frac{2GM}{R}} \][/tex]
Given:
- M is the mass of the Earth,
- m is the mass being moved.
These expressions provide the required energy calculations and the speed of the object dropped through the Earth's center.
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Oil spilled from a ruptured tanker spreads in a circle whose area increases at a constant rate of 5.5 mi2/hr. How rapidly is radius of the spill increasing when the area is 6 mi2?
Explanation:
The area of a circle can be represented by A = π r² I
Differentiating both sides w.r.t time
[tex]\frac{dA}{dt}[/tex] = 2π r [tex]\frac{dr}{dt}[/tex] II
Dividing II by I , we have
[tex]\frac{dA}{A}[/tex] = 2 x [tex]\frac{dr}{r}[/tex]
substituting the values
[tex]\frac{dr}{r}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{5.5}{12}[/tex] = 0.46 mi per unit radius
or dr = 1.4 x 0.46 = 0.64 mi/hr
here 1.4 mi is the radius , when area of circle is 6 mi²
Sebuah kolom udara memiliki panjang 40cm.Jika garpu kala mempunyai frekuensi 320Hz,maka besarnya cepat rambat gelombang bunyi diudara pada saat resonasi pertama adalah....m/s.
Answer:
Velocity of sound is 512 m/s
Explanation:
for first resonance condition we know that
[tex]\frac{\lambda}{4} = L[/tex]
[tex]\frac{\lambda}{4} = 0.40[/tex]
[tex]\lambda = 1.6 m[/tex]
now the frequency is given as
[tex]f = 320 Hz[/tex]
now to find the velocity of sound we have
[tex]v = \lambda f[/tex]
[tex]v = 1.6 (320)[/tex]
[tex]v = 512 m/s[/tex]
A 497−g piece of copper tubing is heated to 89.5°C and placed in an insulated vessel containing 159 g of water at 22.8°C. Assuming no loss of water and a heat capacity for the vessel of 10.0 J/°C, what is the final temperature of the system (c of copper = 0.387 J/g·°C)?
Final answer:
To calculate the initial temperature of the copper piece, use the principle of energy conservation and the equations for heat gained and heat lost. The final temperature of the system is approximately 24.8 °C.
Explanation:
To calculate the initial temperature of the copper piece, we can use the principle of energy conservation. The heat gained by the water is equal to the heat lost by the copper. The heat gained by the water can be calculated using the formula:
Q = m * c * ΔT
Where Q is the heat gained, m is the mass of the water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature. The heat lost by the copper can be calculated using the formula:
Q = m * c * ΔT
Where Q is the heat lost, m is the mass of the copper, c is the specific heat capacity of copper, and ΔT is the change in temperature. Since the final temperature is known, we can rearrange the formulas to solve for the initial temperature of the copper:
Initial temperature of copper = (heat gained by water / (m * c)) + final temperature
Substituting the given values into the formulas, we get:
Heat gained by water = (159 g) * (4.18 J/g·°C) * (39.9 °C - 22.8 °C)
Heat lost by copper = (497 g) * (0.387 J/g·°C) * (final temperature - 89.5 °C)
Setting the two equations equal, we can solve for the final temperature:
(159 g) * (4.18 J/g·°C) * (39.9 °C - 22.8 °C) = (497 g) * (0.387 J/g·°C) * (final temperature - 89.5 °C)
Solving the equation, the final temperature of the system is approximately 24.8 °C.
What is the minimum diameter mirror on a telescope that would allow you to see details as small as 5.20 km on the moon some 384000 km away? Assume an average wavelength of 550 nm for the light received.
cm
Answer:
4.96cm
Explanation:
distance = 5.20km = 5.2 × 10³ m
Wavelength , λ = 550nm = 5.50 × 10⁻⁷m
distance of moon, L = 384000 km = 3.84 × 10⁸m
formula for resolving power of two objects
d = (1.22 × λ ×L) / D
D = (1.22 × λ ×L) / d
= (1.22 × 5.50 × 10⁻⁷ ×3.84 × 10⁸) / 5.2 × 10³
D = 4.96cm
1. At the synaptic terminal, voltage-gated ______________ channels open, thereby stimulating the synaptic vesicles to release their neurotransmitters by exocytosis.
Ion
Explanation:
At the synaptic terminal, voltage-gated ion channels open, thereby stimulating the synaptic vesicles to release the neurotransmitters by exocytosis.
These ion channels are the signaling molecules in neurons. They are the transmembrane proteins that form ion channels. The membrane potential changes the conformation of the channel proteins that regulates their opening and closing. These channels play an important role in neurotransmitter release in presynaptic nerve endings.
For example - Ca²⁺ gated ion channel.
An elevator cab that weighs 27.8 kN moves upward. What is the tension in the cable if the cab's speed is (a) increasing at a rate of 2 1.22 / msand (b) decreasing at a rate of 2 1.22 / ms?
Answer:
a)T = 8.63 × 10 ⁴ N, b)T = -3.239 × 10 ⁴ N
Explanation:
Given:
W = 27.8 KN = 27.8 × 10 ³ N,
For upward motion: Fnet is upward, Tension T is upward and weight W is downward so
a) a=21.22 m/s² ( not written clearly the unit. if it is acceleration?) then
Fnet = T - W
⇒ T = F + W = ma + W
T = (W/g)a + W (W=mg ⇒m=W/g)
T = (27.8 × 10 ³ N / 9.8 ) 21.22 m/s² + 27.8 × 10 ³ N
T = 86,263.265 N
T = 8.63 × 10 ⁴ N
b) For Declaration in upward direction a = -21.22 m/s²
Fnet = T - W
⇒ T = F + W = ma + W
T = (W/g)a + W
T = (27.8 × 10 ³ N / 9.8 ) (-21.22 m/s²) + 27.8 × 10 ³ N
T = -32395.5 N
T = -3.239 × 10 ⁴ N
as Tension can not be negative I hope the value of acceleration and deceleration is correct.
The New England Merchants Bank Building in Boston is 152 mm high. On windy days it sways with a frequency of 0.20 HzHz , and the acceleration of the top of the building can reach 2.5 %% of the free-fall acceleration, enough to cause discomfort for occupants.What is the total distance, side to side, that the top of the building moves during such an oscillation?
Answer:
The total distance, side to side, that the top of the building moves during such an oscillation = 31 cm
Explanation:
Let the total side to side motion be 2A. Where A is maximum acceleration.
Now, we know know that equation for maximum acceleration is;
A = α(max) / [(2πf)^(2)]
So 2A = 2[α(max) / [(2πf)^(2)] ]
α(max) = (0.025 x 9.81) while frequency(f) from the question is 0.2Hz.
Therefore 2A = 2 [(0.025 x 9.81) / [((2π(0.2)) ^(2)] ] = 2( 0.245 / 1.58) = 0.31m or 31cm
The Nichrome wire is replaced by a wire of the same length and diameter, and same mobile electron density but with electron mobility 4 times as large as that of Nichrome. Now what is the electric field inside the wire?
Answer:
The electric field inside the wire will remain the same or constant, while the drift velocity will by a factor of four.
Explanation:
Electron mobility, μ = [tex]\frac{v_d}{E}[/tex]
where
[tex]v_d[/tex] = Drift velocity
E = Electric field
Given that the electric field strength = 1.48 V/m,
Therefore since the electric potential depends on the length of the wire and the attached potential difference, then when the electron mobility is increased 4 times the Electric field E will be the same but the drift velocity will increase four times. That is
4·μ = [tex]\frac{4*v_d}{E}[/tex]
Answer:
Explanation:
Usually, the electron drift velocity in a material is directly proportional to the electric field, which means that the electron mobility is a constant (independent of electric field).
μ × E = Vd
Where,
D = electric field
Vd = drift velocity
μ = electron mobility
μ2 = μ × 4
μ/Vd1 = 4 × μ/Vd2
Vd2 = 4 × Vd1
The electric field is the same but drift velocity increases.
Kirchhoff’s loop rule for circuit analysis is an expression of__________?
Answer:
Conservation of energy
Explanation:
Gustav Kirchhoff, a German physicist proposed a rule called Kirchhoff's loop rule also known as Kirchhoff's second rule which states that for any closed loop, the potential difference including the voltage supply is zero. That means energy supplied by a voltage source must absorbed for balance by other components in the loop
This fulfils the law of conservation of energy
Assume that a planet just like Earth orbits the bright star named Sirius. If this Earth-like planet orbits with a semimajor axis of 1 AU and an orbital period of 7 months, what is the mass of Sirius?
Answer:
5.9x10³⁰ kg = 2.97 solar mass.
Explanation:
The mass of Sirius can be calculated using Kepler's Third Law:
[tex]P^{2} = \frac{4 \pi^{2}}{G (M_{1} + M_{2})} \cdot a^{3}[/tex]
where P: is the period, G: is the gravitational constant = 6.67x10⁻¹¹ m³kg⁻¹s⁻², a: is the size of the orbit, M₁: is the mass of the Earth-like planet = 5.97x10²⁴ kg, and M₂: is the mass of Sirius.
Firts, we need to convert the units:
P = 7 months = 1.84x10⁷ s
a = 1 AU = 1.5x10¹¹ m
Now, from equation (1), we can find the mass of Sirius:
[tex] M_{2} = \frac{4 \pi^{2} a^{3}}{P^{2} G} - M_{1} [/tex]
[tex] M_{2} = \frac{4 \pi^{2} (1.5 \cdot 10^{11} m)^{3}}{(1.84\cdot 10^{7} s)^{2} \cdot 6.67 \cdot 10{-11} m^{3} kg ^{-1} s^{-2}} - 5.97 \cdot 10^{24} kg = 5.9 \cdot 10^{30} kg = 2.97 solar mass [/tex]
Therefore, the mass of Sirius is 5.9x10³⁰ kg = 2.97 solar mass.
I hope it helps you!
Answer: 2.94kg
Explanation: Using Kepler's law of planetary motion which states that, the square of the orbital period of a planet is proportional to the cube of the semi major axis of it's orbit.
Sirius is the name given to the brightest star in the sky
It could be literally interpreted as;
1/mass of planet = (orbital period in years^2 ÷ semi major axis in AU^3)
Orbital period = 7months is equivalent to 7/12 = 0.5833 years
Semi major axis = 1AU
Therefore, mass of Sirius is given by:
1/Mass = (orbital period^2 ÷ semi major axis^3)
1/Mass = (0.5833^2 ÷ 1^3)
1/Mass = 0.3402 ÷ 1
1/Mass = 0.3402
Therefore,
Mass = 1/0.3402 = 2.94kg
Suppose you move along a wire at the same speed as the drift speed of the electrons in the wire. Do you now measure a magnetic field of zero?
Answer:
False. Field is non-zero
Explanation:
If you were moving along with the electrons, they would appear stationary to you. You would measure a current of zero. However, the fixed positive charges in the wire seem to move backwards relative to you, creating the equivalent current as if you weren't moving. You would measure the same field, but the field would be caused by the 'backward' motion of positive particles.
Moving at the same speed as the drift speed of electrons does not result in a zero magnetic field. The movement of electrons in a wire creates a magnetic field, and this field would still be present even if you were moving at the same speed as the electrons.
Explanation:When moving along a wire at the same speed as the drift speed of the electrons, you will not measure a magnetic field of zero. The drift speed of electrons refers to the average velocity at which the electrons move in a conductor when an electric field is applied. This speed is generally very slow, but it does not mean that there is no magnetic field.
The movement of electrons in a wire creates a magnetic field around the wire, even if the drift speed is small. This is because the electric current generated by the movement of electrons is what produces the magnetic field.
So, even if you were to move at the same speed as the drift speed of the electrons in the wire, you would still measure a non-zero magnetic field because the movement of electrons in the wire is what generates the magnetic field.
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From the following statements about mechanical waves, identify those that are true for transverse mechanical waves only, those that are true for longitudinal mechanical waves only, and those that are true for both types of waves.A. In longitudinal waves, the particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of the flow of energy.B. Many wave motions in nature are a combination of longitudinal and transverse motion.C. In transverse waves, the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of the flow of energy.D. All of the above
'In transverse waves, the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of the flow of energy' is true for transverse waves only.
'In longitudinal waves, the particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of the flow of energy' is true for longitudinal waves only.
'Many wave motions in nature are a combination of longitudinal and transverse motion' is true for both longitudinal and transverse waves.
Explanation:
Longitudinal waves are those where the direction of propagation of particles are parallel to the medium' particles. While transverse waves propagate perpendicular to the medium' particles.
As wave motions are assumed to be of standing waves which comprises of particles moving parallel as well as perpendicular to the medium, most of the wave motions are composed of longitudinal and transverse motion.
So the option stating the medium' particle moves perpendicular to the direction of the energy flow is true for transverse waves. Similarly, the option stating the medium' particle moves parallel to the direction of flow of energy is true for longitudinal waves only.
And the option stating that wave motions comprises of combination of longitudinal and transverse motion is true for both of them.
Final answer:
The statements A, B, and C are true for both transverse and longitudinal waves.
Explanation:
A. In longitudinal waves, the particles of the medium move parallel to the direction of the flow of energy.
B. Many wave motions in nature are a combination of longitudinal and transverse motion.
C. In transverse waves, the particles of the medium move perpendicular to the direction of the flow of energy.
All of the above statements are true for both transverse and longitudinal waves.
Explanation An is valid for longitudinal waves as it were. In longitudinal waves, for example, sound waves, the particles of the medium vibrate lined up with the bearing of the energy move. This can be pictured as pressure and rarefaction of the particles in the medium.
Only transverse waves are covered by statement C. In cross over waves, for example, light waves, the particles of the medium vibrate opposite to the course of the energy move. The particles can be seen moving side to side or up and down, respectively.
B holds true for both kinds of waves. Many wave movements in nature, for example, water waves and seismic waves, include a mix of longitudinal and cross over movement. Water particles, for instance, move in circular orbits as waves pass by, which is a combination of transverse and longitudinal motion.
A thin uniform rod of mass M and length L is bent at its center so that the two segments are now perpendicular to each other. Find its moment of inertia about an axis perpendicular to its plane and passing through (a) the point where the two segments meet and (b) the midpoint of the line connecting its two ends.
Answer:
(a) I_A=1/12ML²
(b) I_B=1/3ML²
Explanation:
We know that the moment of inertia of a rod of mass M and lenght L about its center is 1/12ML².
(a) If the rod is bent exactly at its center, the distance from every point of the rod to the axis doesn't change. Since the moment of inertia depends on the distance of every mass to this axis, the moment of inertia remains the same. In other words, I_A=1/12ML².
(b) The two ends and the point where the two segments meet form an isorrectangle triangle. So the distance between the ends d can be calculated using the Pythagorean Theorem:
[tex]d=\sqrt{(\frac{1}{2}L) ^{2}+(\frac{1}{2}L) ^{2} } =\sqrt{\frac{1}{2}L^{2} } =\frac{1}{\sqrt{2} } L=\frac{\sqrt{2} }{2} L[/tex]
Next, the point where the two segments meet, the midpoint of the line connecting the two ends of the rod, and an end of the rod form another rectangle triangle, so we can calculate the distance between the two axis x using Pythagorean Theorem again:
[tex]x=\sqrt{(\frac{1}{2}L)^{2}-(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4}L) ^{2} } =\sqrt{\frac{1}{8} L^{2} } =\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}} L=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{4} L[/tex]
Finally, using the Parallel Axis Theorem, we calculate I_B:
[tex]I_B=I_A+Mx^{2} \\\\I_B=\frac{1}{12} ML^{2} +\frac{1}{4} ML^{2} =\frac{1}{3} ML^{2}[/tex]
A) Moment of inertia about an axis passing through the point where the two segments meet : [tex]I_{A} = \frac{1}{12} ML^{2}[/tex]
B) Moment of inertia passing through the point where the midpoint of the line connects to its two ends : [tex]Ix_{} = \frac{1}{3} ML^{2}[/tex]
A) The moment of inertia about an axis passing through the point where the two segments meet is [tex]I_{A} = \frac{1}{12} ML^{2}[/tex] given that the rod is bent at the center and distance from all the points to the axis remains the same, the moment of inertia about the center will remain the same.
B) Determine the moment of inertia about an axis passing through the point midpoint of the line which connects the two ends
First step: determine the distance between the ends ( d )
After applying Pythagoras theorem
d = [tex]\frac{\sqrt{2} }{2} L[/tex]
Next step : determine distance between the two axis ( x )
After applying Pythagoras theorem
x = [tex]\frac{\sqrt{2} }{4} L[/tex]
Final step : Calculate the value of Iₓ
applying Parallel Axis Theorem
Iₓ = Iₐ + Mx²
= [tex]\frac{1}{12} ML^{2}[/tex] + [tex]\frac{1}{4} ML^{2}[/tex]
∴ [tex]Ix_{} = \frac{1}{3} ML^{2}[/tex]
Hence we can conclude that Moment of inertia about an axis passing through the point where the two segments meet : [tex]I_{A} = \frac{1}{12} ML^{2}[/tex], Moment of inertia passing through the point where the midpoint of the line connects its two ends : [tex]Ix_{} = \frac{1}{3} ML^{2}[/tex]
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A bugle can be thought of as an open pipe. If a bugle were straightened out, it would be 2.65 mlong.a.) If the speed of sound is 343m/????, find the lowest frequency that is resonant for a bugle (ignoring end corrections)b.) Find the next two resonant frequencies for the bugle.
Answer:
(a). The lowest frequency is 64.7 Hz.
(b). The next two resonant frequencies for the bugle are 129.4 Hz and 194.2 hz.
Explanation:
Given that,
Length = 2.65 m
Speed of sound = 343 m
We need to calculate the wavelength
Using formula of wavelength
[tex]\lambda=2l[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]\lambda=2\times2.65[/tex]
[tex]\lambda=5.3\ m[/tex]
(a). We need to calculate the lowest frequency
Using formula of frequency
[tex]f_{1}=\dfrac{v}{\lambda_{1}}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]f_{1}=\dfrac{343}{5.3}[/tex]
[tex]f_{1}=64.7\ Hz[/tex]
(b). We need to calculate the next two resonant frequencies for the bugle
Using formula of resonant frequency
[tex]f_{2}=\dfrac{v}{\lambda_{2}}[/tex]
[tex]f_{2}=\dfrac{v}{l}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]f_{2}=\dfrac{343}{2.65}[/tex]
[tex]f_{2}=129.4\ Hz[/tex]
For third frequency,
[tex]f_{3}=\dfrac{v}{\lambda_{3}}[/tex]
[tex]f_{3}=\dfrac{3v}{2l}[/tex]
Put the value into the formula
[tex]f_{3}=\dfrac{3\times343}{2\times2.65}[/tex]
[tex]f_{3}=194.2\ Hz[/tex]
Hence, (a). The lowest frequency is 64.7 Hz.
(b). The next two resonant frequencies for the bugle are 129.4 Hz and 194.2 hz.
The next two resonant frequencies for the bugle are 64.72Hz and 323.6Hz
The lowest frequency is expressed as:
f = v/2l
[tex]f_0=\frac{343}{2(2.65)} f_0=\frac{343}{5.3}\\f_0= 64.72 Hz[/tex]
Since the bugle is an open pipe the next two resonant frequencies are;
[tex]f_2 =3f_0=3(64.72) = 194.15Hz\\\\f_3 = 5f_0 = 5(64.72) =323.6Hz \\[/tex]
Hence the next two resonant frequencies for the bugle are 64.72Hz and 323.6Hz
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A particle has a charge of q = +4.9 μC and is located at the origin. As the drawing shows, an electric field of Ex = +242 N/C exists along the +x axis. A magnetic field also exists, and its x and y components are Bx = +1.9 T and By = +1.9 T. Calculate the force (magnitude and direction) exerted on the particle by each of the three fields when it is (a) stationary, (b) moving along the +x axis at a speed of 345 m/s, and (c) moving along the +z axis at a speed of 345 m/s.
a)
[tex]F_{E_x}=1.19\cdot 10^{-3}N[/tex] (+x axis)
[tex]F_{B_x}=0[/tex]
[tex]F_{B_y}=0[/tex]
b)
[tex]F_{E_x}=1.19\cdot 10^{-3} N[/tex] (+x axis)
[tex]F_{B_x}=0[/tex]
[tex]F_{B_y}=3.21\cdot 10^{-3}N[/tex] (+z axis)
c)
[tex]F_{E_x}=1.19\cdot 10^{-3} N[/tex] (+x axis)
[tex]F_{B_x}=3.21\cdot 10^{-3} N[/tex] (+y axis)
[tex]F_{B_y}=3.21\cdot 10^{-3}N[/tex] (-x axis)
Explanation:
a)
The electric force exerted on a charged particle is given by
[tex]F=qE[/tex]
where
q is the charge
E is the electric field
For a positive charge, the direction of the force is the same as the electric field.
In this problem:
[tex]q=+4.9\mu C=+4.9\cdot 10^{-6}C[/tex] is the charge
[tex]E_x=+242 N/C[/tex] is the electric field, along the x-direction
So the electric force (along the x-direction) is:
[tex]F_{E_x}=(4.9\cdot 10^{-6})(242)=1.19\cdot 10^{-3} N[/tex]
towards positive x-direction.
The magnetic force instead is given by
[tex]F=qvB sin \theta[/tex]
where
q is the charge
v is the velocity of the charge
B is the magnetic field
[tex]\theta[/tex] is the angle between the directions of v and B
Here the charge is stationary: this means [tex]v=0[/tex], therefore the magnetic force due to each component of the magnetic field is zero.
b)
In this case, the particle is moving along the +x axis.
The magnitude of the electric force does not depend on the speed: therefore, the electric force on the particle here is the same as in part a,
[tex]F_{E_x}=1.19\cdot 10^{-3} N[/tex] (towards positive x-direction)
Concerning the magnetic force, we have to analyze the two different fields:
- [tex]B_x[/tex]: this field is parallel to the velocity of the particle, which is moving along the +x axis. Therefore, [tex]\theta=0^{\circ}[/tex], so the force due to this field is zero.
[tex]- B_y[/tex]: this field is perpendicular to the velocity of the particle, which is moving along the +x axis. Therefore, [tex]\theta=90^{\circ}[/tex]. Therefore, [tex]\theta=90^{\circ}[/tex], so the force due to this field is:
[tex]F_{B_y}=qvB_y[/tex]
where:
[tex]q=+4.9\cdot 10^{-6}C[/tex] is the charge
[tex]v=345 m/s[/tex] is the velocity
[tex]B_y = +1.9 T[/tex] is the magnetic field
Substituting,
[tex]F_{B_y}=(4.9\cdot 10^{-6})(345)(1.9)=3.21\cdot 10^{-3} N[/tex]
And the direction of this force can be found using the right-hand rule:
- Index finger: direction of the velocity (+x axis)
- Middle finger: direction of the magnetic field (+y axis)
- Thumb: direction of the force (+z axis)
c)
As in part b), the electric force has not change, since it does not depend on the veocity of the particle:
[tex]F_{E_x}=1.19\cdot 10^{-3}N[/tex] (+x axis)
For the field [tex]B_x[/tex], the velocity (+z axis) is now perpendicular to the magnetic field (+x axis), so the force is
[tex]F_{B_x}=qvB_x[/tex]
And by substituting,
[tex]F_{B_x}=(4.9\cdot 10^{-6})(345)(1.9)=3.21\cdot 10^{-3} N[/tex]
And by using the right-hand rule:
- Index finger: velocity (+z axis)
- Middle finger: magnetic field (+x axis)
- Thumb: force (+y axis)
For the field [tex]B_y[/tex], the velocity (+z axis) is also perpendicular to the magnetic field (+y axis), so the force is
[tex]F_{B_y}=qvB_y[/tex]
And by substituting,
[tex]F_{B_y}=(4.9\cdot 10^{-6})(345)(1.9)=3.21\cdot 10^{-3} N[/tex]
And by using the right-hand rule:
- Index finger: velocity (+z axis)
- Middle finger: magnetic field (+y axis)
- Thumb: force (-y axis)
The force on a charged particle in an electric field is given by Felectric = qE, and in a magnetic field while moving, it is Fmagnetic = qv × B, with the right-hand rule determining the direction of Fmagnetic. A stationary particle only experiences Felectric. When moving, it may experience both forces, depending on the motion's relationship to the field's direction.
Explanation:The force on a charged particle in an electric field is given by Felectric = qE, where q is the charge and E is the electric field. If the particle is stationary, only the electric force acts on it. When moving in a magnetic field, a magnetic force Fmagnetic = qv × B also acts on it, where v is the velocity and B is the magnetic field. The direction of this force is perpendicular to both v and B as per the right-hand rule.
For a particle with charge q = +4.9 μC:
(a) When stationary, the force due to the electric field is F = qEx, only in the direction of E.(b) When moving along the +x axis, the magnetic force is zero as v and B are parallel.(c) When moving along the +z axis, both electric and magnetic forces act, and they can be calculated using the given formulas.
. A 10-ft ladder is leaning against a wall. If the top of the ladder slides down the wall at a rate of 2 ft/sec, how fast is the bottom moving along the ground when the bottom of the ladder is 5 ft from the wall
Explanation:
Below is an attachment containing the solution.
The drag is proportional to the square of the speed of the boat, in the form Fd=bv2 where b= 0.5 N⋅ s2/m2. What is the acceleration of the boat just after the rain starts? Take the positive x axis along the direction of motion.
The first part of the question is missing and it is:
A boat of mass 250 kg is coasting, with its engine in neutral, through the water at speed 3.00 m/s when it starts to rain. The rain is falling vertically, and it accumulates in the boat at the rate of 10.0 kg/hr.
Answer:
a(o) = 18.03 x 10^(-3) m/s^(-2)
Explanation:
First of all, if we make a momentum balance in the direction of motion (the x-direction), we'll discover that the change of the momentum will be equal to the forces acting on the boat.
Hence, there is only the drag force, which acts against the direction of motion as:
d(m·v)/dt = - k·v² (since f_d = - k·v²)
where k = 0.5 Ns²/m²
Now let's simplify the time derivative on the Left, by applying product rule of differentiation and we obtain:
v·dm/dt + m·dv/dt = - k·v²
where dm/dt = 10kg/hr (this is the change of the mass of the boat)
Furthermore, acceleration is the time derivative of time velocity, Thus;
a = dv/dt = - (k·v² + v·dm/dt) / m
Now, for the moment,when the rain starts; since we know all the values on the right hand side, let's solve for the acceleration ;
a(o) = - (ko·vo² + vo·dm/dt) / mo
= -[ (0.5(3)²) + (3x10/3600)/250
(dt = 3600secs because 1hr = 3600 secs)
So a(o) = 18.03 x 10^(-3) m/s^(-2)
Explain the differences between the geocentric theory of the universe and the heliocentric theory
Geocentric Theory
In astronomy, the geocentric model is a superseded description of the Universe with Earth at the center. Under the geocentric model, the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets all orbited Earth
Heliocentric Theory
Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Historically, heliocentrism was opposed to geocentrism, which placed the Earth at the center
G-Theory is the earth is the center of the universe.
H-Theory is the sun is the center of the universe.
With what minimum speed must you toss a 130 gg ball straight up to just touch the 15-mm-high roof of the gymnasium if you release the ball 1.4 mm above the ground? Solve this problem using energy.
Answer:
The initial velocity is 0.5114 m/s or 511.4 mm/s
Explanation:
Let the initial velocity be 'v'.
Given:
Mass of the ball (m) = 130 g = 0.130 kg [ 1 g = 0.001 kg]
Initial height of the ball (h₁) = 1.4 mm = 0.0014 m [ 1 mm = 0.001 m]
Final height of the ball (h₂) = 15 mm = 0.015 m
Now, from conservation of energy principle, energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but converted from one form to another.
Here, the kinetic energy of the ball is converted to gravitational potential energy of the ball after reaching the final height.
Change in kinetic energy is given as:
[tex]\Delta KE=\frac{1}{2}m(v_f^2-v_i^2)\\Where\ v_f\to Final\ velocity\\v_i\to Initial\ velocity[/tex]
As it just touches the 15 mm high roof, the final velocity will be zero. So,
[tex]v_f=0\ m/s[/tex].
Now, the change in kinetic energy is equal to:
[tex]\Delta KE = \frac{1}{2}\times 0.130\times v^2\\\\\Delta KE = 0.065v^2[/tex]
Change in gravitational potential energy = Final PE - Initial PE
So,
[tex]\Delta U=mg(h_f-h_i)\\\\\Delta U=0.130\times 9.8\times (0.015-0.0014)\\\\\Delta U=0.017\ J[/tex] [ g = 9.8 m/s²]
Now, Change in KE = Change in PE
[tex]0.065v^2=0.017\\\\v=\sqrt{\frac{0.017}{0.065}}\\\\v=0.5114\ m/s\\\\1\ m=1000\ mm\\\\So,0.5114\ m=511.4\ mm\\\\\therefore v=511.4\ mm/s[/tex]
Therefore, the initial velocity is 0.5114 m/s or 511.4 mm/s
A block sliding along a horizontal frictionless surface with speed v collides with a spring and compresses it by 2.0 cm. What will be the compression if the same block collides with the spring at a speed of 2v?
Answer:
4.0 cm
Explanation:
For the compression of the spring, the kinetic energy of the mass equals the elastic potential energy of the spring.
So, 1/2mv² = 1/2kx² ⇒ x = (√m/k)v
Since m and k are constant since its the same spring x ∝ v
If our speed is now v₁ = 2v, our compression is x₁
x₁ = (√m/k)v₁ = (√m/k)2v = 2(√m/k)v = 2x
x₁ = 2x
Since x = 2.0 cm, our compression for speed = 2v is
x₁ = 2(2.0) = 4.0 cm
If the same block collides with the spring at a speed of 2v, the compression will be 4.0cm.
Given the data in the question;
Compression; [tex]x_1 = 2.0cm[/tex]Velocity 1; [tex]v_1 = v[/tex]Velocity 2; [tex]v_2 = 2v[/tex]Using conservation of energy:
Kinetic energy of the mass = Elastic potential energy of the spring
We have:
[tex]\frac{1}{2}kx^2 = \frac{1}{2}mv^2\\\\kx^2 = mv^2[/tex]
"v" is directly proportional to "x"
Hence,
[tex]\frac{x_1}{x_2} = \frac{v_1}{v_2}[/tex]
We substitute in our given values
[tex]\frac{2.0cm}{x_2} = \frac{v}{2v}\\\\x_2 = \frac{v(2.0cm*2)}{v} \\\\x_2 = (2.0cm*2)\\\\x_2 = 4.0cm[/tex]
Therefore, if the same block collides with the spring at a speed of 2v, the compression will be 4.0cm.
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The astronomer who discovered the dwarf planet Eris suggests there might be another object far beyond the Kupier belt. If this Planet X exists, it would be about 10 times the mass of Earth and 2-3 times the size of Earth, putting it in the ice giant category, and have an orbit with a semi-major axis of 700 AU. You can read more about this object on NASA's page. If this object exists, what would we classify it as?
These objects would be classified as extreme trans Neptunian object (ETNO).
Explanation:
ETNO’s are the objects lying beyond the planet Neptune and orbiting the Sun. They follow a highly eccentric path which is tilted. ETNO has been grouped into three major according to their respective perihelia.
Within this region (beyond Neptune’s orbit), a hypothetical planet has been discovered. It was discovered following its gravitational effect on the other objects of Kuiper Belt (region beyond the orbit of the Neptune- the last planet of our Solar system)
The Planet is assumed to be around 2 times the Earth’s size and around 10 times heavier than Earth.
Planet X, if it exists, would likely be classified as a planet rather than a dwarf planet because it is much larger and more massive, suggesting it could clear its orbital neighborhood, which is one of the criteria that differentiate planets from dwarf planets.
The hypothetical object proposed by the astronomer beyond the Kuiper Belt, nicknamed Planet X, would be classified differently from Eris and other dwarf planets like Pluto, Makemake, and Haumea. Since it is speculated to be about 10 times the mass of Earth and 2-3 times its size, placing it within the ice giant category, it would resemble Uranus or Neptune rather than the smaller dwarf planets in the solar system.
Dwarf planets are generally smaller bodies that, while orbiting the Sun and having sufficient mass for their self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces, have not cleared their neighboring region of other objects. In contrast, Planet X, being significantly larger and more massive, would likely be considered a full-fledged planet if its existence were confirmed, primarily because of its mass, size, and potential to clear its orbit, aligning closer with the current criteria for a planet.