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1. How did Winston Churchill describe East/West division of Europe?

a. Barbed Wire Fence
b. Line of demarcation
c. Line in the sand
d. Iron curtain

2. The creation of NATO and the Warsaw Pact were reminders of the alliances that led to WWI and WWII.

a. true
b. false

3. the buildup of nuclear arms was necessary to maintain a tense and fragile peace refers to __

a. MAD
b. NATO
c. UN
d. OPEC

The United States often makes aid decisions, both military and humanitarian, using the prism of our "strategic advantage."

So, if it would be advantageous to please a military dictator, either because of port access or drilling rights or the use of a base for refueling, it is likely that the aid will be used as an inducement to allow the United States to do those things.

Answer:

B) to achieve a greater purpose, such as stopping a larger enemy

a sickness called the flue i thinks not 100%

Because the actions of others would disrupt the individuals rights

The rights in the Bill of Rights are not absolute in order to balance individual freedoms with societal needs and to prevent harm. Legislation, court interpretations, and the Fourteenth Amendment have clarified the limits and applications of these rights, which are subject to continuous debate and reinterpretation.

Why are the rights in the Bill of Rights Not Absolute?:

The rights granted in the Bill of Rights are not absolute for several reasons. They are subject to legislation and interpretation to balance individual freedoms against the interests of others and society. For example, freedom of speech does not allow one to threaten harm or to incite violent actions. Similarly, the right to property does not permit activities that can harm the community, like creating a toxic waste dump. Law enforcement actions such as searches and seizures are also regulated and require lawful warrants or probable cause.

Furthermore, the protections of the Bill of Rights have been expanded to the states through the process of selective incorporation, as determined by the Fourteenth Amendment and various Supreme Court rulings. Nonetheless, the scope of these rights and the extent of their protection continue to be subjects of vigorous debate and evolution over time, as society changes and new challenges arise.

The Fourteenth Amendment played a pivotal role in ensuring that the Bill of Rights applies not just to the federal government but also to state governments, with the Supreme Court using selective incorporation to determine when state laws violate fundamental liberties. The provisions of the Bill of Rights are constantly interpreted and reinterpreted, reflecting the dynamic nature of constitutional law in America.

The Geocentric theory or model proposed that the Earth was the center of the universe and the Sun rotated around it. Religion played a big role throughout history in trying to perpetuate this scientifically erroneous idea, which started appearing as a biblical perspective pointing towards specific passages in the holy book. A classic one would be Psalms 93:1, in which Earth is described as a static place "established, firm and secured". The church's support of geocentrism can be traced back to literal intepretations of the bible and a refusal to lose credibility and power as science proved them wrong.

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The correct answer is option D) "Each user was asked to work a certain number of days each year". The acequia maintenance was a project in New Mexico which aimed to  to preserve the acequias and understand how they are linked to socioeconomics, culture, hydrology and the ecosystems in northern of New Mexico. In order to maintain the acequias systems that were the object of study and preservation, each user in the study was asked to work certain number of days each year.

Answer:

The answer is D

Explanation:

I got a 100%

World War I ended on the 11th Hour of the 11th Day of the 11th month of 1918 when the armistice took effect.

So, 11/11/1918 at 11:11 AM.

Many enclosure acts were passed from about 1600 to 1900, thereby shutting off peasants from common lands on which they could formerly graze their sheep and raise crops. The Enclosure Acts were passed so that landowners could make higher profits from their land and increase agricultural productivity.

The correct answer is letter C. The business cycle is main subject of the article in the news magazine. Over time economy goes through a natural rise and fall of growth. Being aware of economic cycles helps to analize the economy and make better finantial decisions.  

A business cycle has four stages:  They are expansion, peak, contraction, and trough. They don’t occur at regular intervals .During expansion the economy is grows until it reaches its peak and begins to contract.The economy hits its bottom at the trough.

When you read a magazine article explaining how the economy expanded for several years and then contracted.The subject of this article was:

C....The Business Cycle.

The Business Cycle is also known as the Economic Cycle or Trade Cycle and it shows upward and downward movement of the GDP( Gross Domestic Product) along its long term growth trend.

The length of a business cycle is the period of time containing a single boom and contraction in sequence.

The four distinct phases of the business cycle are:

By the end of the 1940s, jazz had grown into such varied fields as bebop and jazz. Rock and roll was soon to become the most important component of American popular music, beginning with the rockabilly boom of the 1950s. In the following decade, gospel evolved into secular soul.

After the 50's, with the rise of popular music, american classical music passed through changes and experimentalization, in the 60's minimal music, as minimal art, was in vogue, some of the minimalist composers are Philip Glass, Steve Reich and John Adams, in the 70's and 80's was the rise of postmodern music, with composers such as John Cage. It also found an important role in the development of film's scores.

A important source of public opinion is Mass media as it gives a huge platform to express themselves individually.

Carl Albert attained the highest position held by an Oklahoma when he became a Speaker of the House in 1971.

The answer would be A

Answer:

a

Explanation:

https://ing.org/muslim-contributions-to-civilization/

where is the illustration

A committee chair serves as the parliamentary head of a committee. The chair sets the committee’s agenda, determining when, or in many states, whethe bills will be considered. Other responsibilities of a committee chair typically include:  

-Calling the committee together to perform its duties.

-Presiding and maintaining order over meetings.

-Deciding all questions of order subject to appeal.

-Supervising and directing the staff of the committee.

-Preparing, or supervising the preparation of, reports of the committee for submission to the body.

-Taking custody of all papers referred to the committee and transmit them to the clerk of the chamber as required.

Because committees play such a key role in the legislative process and significant power frequently is given to the chair, committee leadership selections are carefully considered by the body's designated appointing authority. Most often, it is the presiding officer of a legislative assembly. In 63 of the nation's 99 legislative chambers, committee chairs are appointed by the president of the Senate or the speaker of the House.Sometimes, another legislative leader—such as the president pro tem, the speaker pro tem or the majority leader—selects the committee chairs. In 13 chambers, standing committee chairs are appointed by a committee—such as a committee on committees, rules committee or management committee.

Answer:

ok

Explanation:

First of all, to understand this it´s necessary to know what a committee chair serves for:  it serves as the parliamentary head of a committee.

The chair sets the committee’s agenda, determining when, how what or in many states, whether—bills will be considered or not. Some other responsabilities of this committee are:  

 Calling the committee together to perform its duties.

 Presiding and maintaining order over meetings.

 Deciding all questions of order subject to appeal.

 Supervising and directing the staff of the committee.

 Preparing, or supervising the preparation of, reports of the committee for submission to the body.

 Taking custody of all papers referred to the committee and transmit them to the clerk of the chamber as required.  

It´s a very important role on this legislative process scenario and significant power, frequently is given to the chair, committee leadership selections are very carefully considered. But who is the appointing authority?  

When Prussia was hit by famine in 1744, King Frederick the Great, a potato enthusiast, had to order the peasantry to eat the tubers. In England, 18th-century farmers denounced S. tuberosum as an advance scout for hated Roman Catholicism. “No Potatoes, No Popery!” was an election slogan in 1765. France was especially slow to adopt the spud. Into the fray stepped Antoine-Augustin Parmentier, the potato’s Johnny Appleseed.

With her book The Feminine Mystique (1963), Betty Friedan (1921-2006) broke new ground by exploring the idea of women finding personal fulfillment outside of their traditional roles. She also helped advance the women's rights movement as one of the founders of the National Organization for Women (NOW).

Betty Friedan wrote 'The Feminine Mystique', founded NOW, and worked to highlight inequalities in domestic roles. Gloria Steinem advocated for the ERA, reproductive rights, and gender equality. Both played instrumental roles in the feminist movement of the 1960s and 1970s.

Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem in the Women's Movement

Betty Friedan was a pioneering figure in the women's movement. She wrote the book The Feminine Mystique, which became a best-seller and played a critical role in raising awareness among women about the dissatisfaction with their limited roles in society. Her work led to the formation of the National Organization for Women (NOW), of which she became the first president. NOW aimed to address issues such as employment opportunities, education, and reproductive rights for women. Friedan's mantra that "the personal is political" emphasized how domestic responsibilities disproportionately fell on women, thereby hindering their public and political lives.

Gloria Steinem, another leader in the movement, was an influential activist and writer. She was a key figure in the push for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) and reproductive rights, including the significant victory of Roe v. Wade in 1973, which upheld a woman's right to an abortion. Steinem's activism and writings provided inspiration and a rallying point for many in the feminist movement, focusing on issues of equality and social justice.

The French fought the British over the Ohio river valley.

The matching vocabulary words and definitions are: Aristocratic, a government, ruled by nobles or the wealthy; divination, method of foretelling the future; oracle bone, used in predicting future; Neolithic, the last phase of the Stone Age; pictographic, a language using pictures as words; polytheistic, worshipping many gods.

The correct matching for the vocabulary words and their definitions are:

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The vocabulary words are matched with their definitions accurately. These include aristocratic, divination, oracle bone, Neolithic, pictographic, and polytheistic, each referring to specific aspects related to historical studies, especially ancient cultures.

The correct matching for the vocabulary words and their definitions would be as follows:

These terms are often seen in historical studies, particularly when studying ancient cultures and their practices.

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Largest group of non-willing people brought to America were taken from Africa and brought to America as slaves by British people who used to rule on America at that time.

The Atlantic slave trade or trans atlantic slave trade comprised of  the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people,especially to America.The slave trade mainly used The Triangular Trade Route  and its middle passage,and continued from 16th to 19th centuries.

Many African rulers wanted to supply European traders with the extra enslaved people they wanted for liquor,tobacco,salt,potato,rice,wheat etc.As demand grew,some African traders began to capture other Africans and sell them to Europeans.

Usually British and French ships took 2 to 3 months to go from Africa to America.Ships transported on an average of  250 to 600 slaves on the ships.Many slaves used to die during the journey from hunger,disease etc.

Totalitarian states tend to restrict individual freedoms, restrict the formation of opposition groups, and prohibit free and fair elections, The government holds all aspects of the state. Industry is controlled by the government.

The initial surprise attack, across previously agreed cease-fire lines, was coordinated by Egypt and Syria.

Wiithin 2 days, they were joined by 'expeditionary forces' from Jordan, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, and ..... wait for it ..... Cuba !

The countries that attacked Israel in the Yom Kippur War of 1973 was Egypt and Syria.

This war is also called the Ramadan war or the Arab Israeli war. The reason for the war was due to the fact that the areas wanted to win back the areas that they lost to Israel.

The war was won by Israel and the Egyptians were said to have lost a lot of tanks.

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The history of communism is closely linked to the thought that the Prussian philosopher Karl Marx used the difficult situation of government as a springboard to communism. This saw communism as the optimal state, abolition of private ownership of the means of production. For Marx, only after humanity was able to produce excessively, private property would develop massively and permanently. However, in the West, communism was an idea of ​​a society based on common property, an idea that goes back even from classical antiquity. Its modern form as a mass political movement emerged in Europe with the movement of workers during the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century.

The Medici House was Italian   banking family and a political dynasty that began to build a reputation in the first half of the 15th century under the name Cosimo de' Medici in the Republic of Florence. The family was born in the Mugello region of Tuscany and progressed progressively until it was able to finance Medici Bank. This bank was the largest in Europe during the 15th century, and it facilitated Medici in political power in Florence, although it officially remained citizens until the 16th century.

In 1532 the family became the Duke of Florence and this title was hereditary. In 1569, the Duke was elevated to the Grand Duke of Tuscany after territorial expansion. This was an example of economic growth under the first great Duke, but it went bankrupt until the time of Cosimo III de 'Medici (1670-1723).

Medicis's influence at the begining emerged from textile trade. Like other families who ruled, Medici dominated the city government, could bring Florence under their family power and created an environment in which art and humanism developed. They and other Italian families inspired the Italian Renaissance, such as Visconti and Sforza in Milan, Este in Ferrara and Gonzaga in Mantua.

The Civil Rights Act was passed on April 9, 1866 by a Republican dominated Congress. It was passed over President Johnson's veto, in an effort to push back against discrimination of African Americans.

Answer:

To stop racial discrimination

Explanation:

The Civil Rights Act was signed into law in 1866 by a republican dominated congress.

It’s the first federal law that declares U.S. citizens being equally protected under the law and was signed by President Johnson.The Act also made some clarity on citizenship and made it a crime to deny any person of the rights of citizenship on the basis of their race or color.

The US Constitution set up a system of government with three co-equal branches of government. Each branch of government is responsible for different matters, which is known as the Separation of Powers, and is held responsible to each other with a system of interlocking responsibilities and obligations, better known as checks and balances.

The end result is a system where no branch should stand above the other branches and where each branch is responsible for their own set of responsibilities.

The U.S. Constitution ensures a separation of powers among three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. The checks and balances system requires these branches to work together and provides them with means to check each other's powers, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful.

The U.S. Constitution set up the three branches of the federal government to ensure a separation of powers and establish a system of checks and balances. The legislative branch is responsible for making laws, the executive branch for enforcing them, and the judicial branch for interpreting laws through the power of judicial review. The concept of checks and balances requires each branch to have some measure of influence over the other branches and acts as a check on their powers, promoting cooperation and preventing any one branch from gaining too much power.

For instance, while Congress (legislative branch) has the power to draft legislation, the President (executive branch) must sign it before it becomes law, which forces both to work together on lawmaking. The President has the power to veto acts of Congress, but Congress can override a presidential veto. Similarly, the judicial branch can declare laws unconstitutional, checking the power of the other two branches.

Final answer:

President Ulysses S. Grant aimed to humanely treat Native Americans and envisioned their progression towards citizenship, differing from his predecessors' lack of concern. Yet, systemic hostility and entrenched views from the Civil War era posed significant obstacles to the success of his compassionate policy intentions.

Explanation:

President Grant's Approach to Native American Policy

When President Ulysses S. Grant took office in 1869, his approach to Native American interactions was distinct from his predecessors. Unlike President Andrew Johnson, who cared little for the fate of Native Americans, Grant attempted to implement a policy for the 'proper treatment of the original inhabitants' with the hope of their humane treatment leading to citizenship. His policy, although well-intentioned, was compromised by widespread hostility and frequent violence between Euro-Americans and Native American communities.

Many of Grant's military colleagues held negative views towards Native Americans, associating them with Confederate sympathies due to some tribes' alliances during the Civil War. These perceptions fueled justifications for harsh policies. Despite his efforts, Grant's administration faced significant challenges in successfully executing a humane Native American policy amidst these societal and political pressures.

Final answer:

Andrew Carnegie significantly contributed to the industrial development of the United States by founding a steel production company that utilized vertical integration to reduce costs, leading to economic dominance in the steel industry and major philanthropic donations.

Explanation:

Andrew Carnegie played a pivotal role in the industrial development of the United States, primarily through the steel industry. Carnegie, a Scottish immigrant, utilized connections and his own capital to invest in steel production, employing new technologies he had observed in Britain such as the Bessemer process. His strategy of vertical integration, which involved owning all parts of the production process, allowed him to reduce costs and control the quality of the final product. Carnegie's approach ensured that his companies could offer better steel prices than competitors and lead to U.S. Steel Corporation producing more steel than the entire British Empire by the turn of the century.

Andrew Carnegie significantly contributed to the U.S. industrial development by mastering vertical integration in the steel industry, producing higher quality steel at lower costs, and investing in efficient production methods. His philanthropic efforts after selling his company to J.P. Morgan cemented his legacy.

Andrew Carnegie's Contributions to Industrial Development

Andrew Carnegie was a key figure in the industrial development of the United States during the late 19th century. Carnegie's strategy focused on vertical integration, a business approach where he gained control over all aspects of steel production, from owning mines to the transportation network, significantly reducing costs and improving efficiency.

Carnegie's investments in up-to-date machinery and insistence on innovative methods for production facilitated the growth of a domestically strong steel industry. By adopting the Bessemer process, which originated in Britain, and using domestic financing, Carnegie's steel mills were able to produce higher quality steel at lower prices than competitors. This enhancement in steel production played a pivotal role in America's expanding infrastructure, including railroads and naval expansion.

Although Carnegie's business practices were aggressive, akin to those of other titans of industry like Rockefeller, his legacy also includes notable philanthropy. He sold his company to J.P. Morgan, who formed the U.S. Steel Corporation, and donated a vast portion of his wealth to charitable causes, such as libraries and educational institutions.

The leader of the party that wins the most seats in a general election is appointed Prime Minister by the Queen. The current Prime Minister is Rt Hon Theresa May MP, leader of the Conservative Party. The Prime Minister is officially responsible for choosing the other members of the government.

The leader of the party that wins maximum seats in a general election is appointed Prime Minister by the Queen in United Kingdom.

The Prime Minister is officially responsible for choosing the other members of the government.

Final answer:

The Church gained secular power by wielding the authority to excommunicate individuals and deny sacraments, integrating bishops into the Roman political system, and appointing secular leaders, as well as consolidating power and prohibiting corrupt practices like simony.

Explanation:

The Church gained secular power through a combination of religious influence, cultural centrality, and legal authority. Bishops, serving as judges and participating in administrative duties, assumed power equivalent to traditional nobility in the Roman political system. The ability of the Church to excommunicate individuals, effectively issuing a spiritual and social banishment, meant that even monarchs were cautious in challenging the Church's authority. Additionally, the Church's role in appointing leaders and consolidation of power, as seen when Pope Leo III named Charlemagne as emperor, further solidified its influence over secular matters. The prohibition of simony by Pope Gregory VII, followed by excommunication and delegitimization of the rule of Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV, also played a critical role in shifting power from secular rulers to the popes.

The correct answer to the question 'How did the Church gain secular power?' is option C, which states, "The Church's power to deny the sacraments gave the Church power over Christians." This sacramental authority extended beyond mere spiritual guidance and translated into tangible control over political and personal lives.