Answer:
Explanation:
In gases the particles move rapidly in all directions, frequently colliding with each other and the side of the container. With an increase in temperature, the particles gain kinetic energy and move faster. ... In liquids, particles are quite close together and move with random motion throughout the container.
Gas particles moving through the air due to random motion is called Brownian motion.
What is Gas ?Gas have no definite volume and gases have not a definite shape it can take the shape of container in which it filled. Gases can flow easily. They are highly compressible. They have low density. Gases have very weak intermolecular force and very large intermolecular space.
What is Brownian Motion ?Brownian motion is also called as Brownian movement is defied as the zig-zag motion of particles suspended in a medium. The gas particles moves randomly in Brownian motion.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that Gas particles moving through the air due to random motion is called Brownian motion.
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please answer asap need by Wednesday morning
Calculate the pH of 0.16M CH3COOH which has Ka = 1.74 x 10-5 mol dm-3
best answer will be brainliest
Answer:
5.555.
Explanation:
∵ pH = - log[H⁺],
[H⁺] for weak acids = √Ka.C.
Ka for CH₃COOH = 1.74 x 10⁻⁵, C = 0.16 M.
∴ [H⁺] = √Ka.C = √(1.74 x 10⁻⁵)(0.16 M) = 2.784 x 10⁻⁶ M.
∴ pH = - log[H⁺] = - log(2.784 x 10⁻⁶ M) = 5.555.
HBr + H₂SO₄ SO₂ + Br₂ + H₂O
whats the oxidizing agent and whats the reducing agent?
Answer: Sulfur is the oxidizing agent and bromine is the reducing agent.
Explanation:
Oxidation reaction is defined as the reaction in which an atom looses its electrons. Here, oxidation state of the atom increases.
[tex]X\rightarrow X^{n+}+ne^-[/tex]
Reducing agents are defined as the agents which reduces the other substance and itself gets oxidized. These agents undergoes reduction reactions.
Reduction reaction is defined as the reaction in which an atom gains electrons. Here, the oxidation state of the atom decreases.
[tex]X^{n+}+ne^-\rightarrow X[/tex]
Oxidizing agents are defined as the agents which oxidize other substance and itself gets reduced. These agents undergoes reduction reactions.
For the given chemical reaction:
[tex]2HBr+H_2SO_4\rightarrow SO_2+Br_2+2H_2O[/tex]
The half reactions for the above reaction are:
Oxidation half reaction: [tex]2Br^-\rightarrow Br_2+2e^-[/tex]
Reduction half reaction: [tex]S^{+6}+2e^-\rightarrow S^{+4}[/tex]
From the above reactions, bromine is loosing its electrons. Thus, it is getting oxidized and is considered as a reducing agent.
Sulfur is gaining electrons and thus is getting reduced and is considered as an oxidizing agent.
Hence, sulfur is the oxidizing agent and bromine is the reducing agent.
Final answer:
In the reaction HBr + H₂SO₄ → SO₂ + Br₂ + H₂O, HBr is the reducing agent as it is oxidized to Br₂, and H₂SO₄ is the oxidizing agent as it is reduced to SO₂.
Explanation:
In the reaction HBr + H₂SO₄ → SO₂ + Br₂ + H₂O, you are tasked with identifying the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent. In this chemical reaction, hydrogen bromide (HBr) is being oxidized to bromine (Br₂) as it loses electrons. This makes HBr the reducing agent. On the other hand, concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) is a powerful oxidizing agent and is reduced to sulfur dioxide (SO₂), making it the oxidizing agent.
1. Combine iron and copper (II) sulfate solution. (Hint: Iron will form the iron (III) ion)
Fe + CuSO4 →
2. Combine lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide solutions.
Pb(NO3)2+ Kl →
3. Combine magnesium metal and hydrochloric acid solution.
Mg + HCl →
4. Electrolysis (splitting) of water.
H2O →
5. Burning magnesium.
Mg + O2 →
Answer:
1. 2Fe + 3CuSO₄ → Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 3Cu.
2. Pb(NO₃)₂+ 2Kl → PbI₂ + 2KNO₃.
3. Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂.
4. H₂O → H₂ + 1/2O₂.
5. 2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO.
Explanation:
1. Combine iron and copper (II) sulfate solution. (Hint: Iron will form the iron (III) ion)
2Fe + 3CuSO₄ → Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 3Cu.
It is a redox reaction including replacing Cu with Fe and changing their oxidation states.
That Fe replaces Cu and resulting in ferric sulfate.
2. Combine lead (II) nitrate and potassium iodide solutions.
Pb(NO₃)₂+ 2Kl → PbI₂ + 2KNO₃.
It is a double replacement reaction that lead nitrate reacts with potassium iodide resulting in lead iodide and potassium nitrate.
3. Combine magnesium metal and hydrochloric acid solution.
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂.
It is a dissolution reaction that HCl dissolve Mg and resulting in Magnesium chloride and hydrogen gas is evolved.
4. Electrolysis (splitting) of water.
H₂O → H₂ + 1/2O₂.
Water electrolysis resulting in splitting of water to produce hydrogen and water.
5. Burning magnesium.
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO.
It is a combustion reaction that Mg is burned with oxygen to produce magnesium oxide.
Answer:
1. Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 3Cu
2. PbI₂ + 2KNO₃
3. MgCl₂ + H₂
4. H₂ + 1/2O₂
5. 2MgO
Explanation:
Which of the following is an indication that a substance has undergone a chemical change?
A.
No new product has been formed.
B.
The color of the substance has not changed.
C.
The original constitute has not changed.
D.
The molecular structure has changed.
A change in the molecular structure is an indication that a substance has undergone a chemical change. Hence, option D is correct.
What is molecular structure?Molecular geometry, also known as the molecular structure, is the three-dimensional structure or arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
Some signs of a chemical change are a change in colour and the formation of bubbles.
The five conditions of chemical change: colour change, formation of a precipitate, formation of a gas, odour change, temperature change or change in molecular structure.
Hence, option D is correct.
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Vehicle emissions devices incorporate a chemical reaction to help control carbon monoxide pollution: 2CO+ O2->2CO2
What effect does adding a catalyst have for this reaction?
•It produces more carbon monoxide.
•It converts carbon monoxide faster.
•It keeps carbon monoxide from teacting.
•It keeps carbon dioxide from reacting.
It convert carbon monoxide faster
Answer: The correct answer is it converts carbon monoxide faster.
Explanation:
Catalyst is defined as the substance which increases the rate of the reaction without getting actually participated in the reaction. It can be easily regenerated at the end of the reaction.
For the given chemical reaction:
[tex]2CO+O_2\rightarrow 2CO_2[/tex]
Addition of catalyst will lead us to the production of carbon dioxide faster or it may convert carbon monoxide faster into the products.
Hence, the correct answer is it converts carbon monoxide faster.
The blackbody curve for a star named beta is shown below. The most intense radiation for this star occurs in what spectral band?
Gamma rays
Ultraviolet
Visible
Infrared
Answer: Ultraviolet
Explanation:
The Electromagnetic spectrum involves gamma rays , X rays, ultra violet rays, visible rays, infrared rays, micro waves and radio waves which are arranged in order of increasing wavelength and decreasing frequency.
The wavelength range for gamma rays is less than 0.001 nm.
The wavelength range for ultraviolet rays is 1 nm to 400 nm.
The wavelength range for visible rays is 400 nm to 750 nm.
The wavelength range for infra red rays is 700 nm to 1000000 nm.
It can be seen from the graph that the most intense radiation for the star occurs near a wavelength of 200 nm , thus the most intense radiation occurs in ultraviolet band.
A reaction occurs when one compound reacts and is broken down into different elements or simpler compounds.
Answer:
Decomposition Reaction
Explanation:
If you are referring to what type of reaction that occurred then the answer would be decomposition reaction.
This is a chemical reaction where one reactant is broken down into two or more products.
REACTANT → PRODUCT
AB → A + B
The products can be two or more elements or two or more compounds, depending on what was decomposed.
Answer:
decomposition on edg
Explanation:
Which of the following describes a situation where competition between producers exists
Answer:
C. two or more producers are trying to sell the same good or service to the same consumers.
Explanation:
APEX
Suppose you boil water and use it to cook pasta. What do you think happens to the total mass of the pasta and the water as the pasta cooks?
Answer:
The mass of the pasta increases and the water evaporated and the mass decreases
Explanation:
Explanation:
When we want to boil pasta, we put water in a pan and place it on stove and wait for it till boiling. Then we can optionally put salt and a bit of oil in the boiling water in order to make pasta remain separate from each other and don't get stick. Then pasta is put in the boiling water. After 4 to 8 minutes of boiling pasta, the pasta expands and the mass of it gets bigger. It occupies more space after boiling. The water evaporates due to boiling, which is the natural common process.
What is the empirical formula of a compound that is made of 3.80g of phosphorus and 0.371g of hydrogen?
You start by diving each quantity given by the atomic wight of each element:
Phosphorus (P) [tex]\frac{3.8}{31} =0.123[/tex]
Hydrogen (H) [tex]\frac{0.371}{1} =0.371[/tex]
Then you divide by the lowest number:
[tex]\frac{0.123}{0.123} = 1[/tex] for phosphorus
[tex]\frac{0.371}{0.123} = 3[/tex] for hydrogen
So the empirical formula will be:
[tex]PH_{3}[/tex]
1.) The density of iron is 7.8 g/cm3 and that of aluminum is 2.7 g/cm3. Using a balance, you find that a block of iron has the same mass as a block of aluminum. Which block has the LARGER volume?
Question 15 options:
You cannot tell from the information given.
The volumes are the same.
The iron block
The aluminum block
2.) Iron combines with oxygen and water from the air to form rust. If an iron nail were allowed to rust completely, you should find that the rust weighs
Question 20 options:
less than the nail it came from
the same as the nail it came from
more than the nail it came from
It is impossible to predict.
3.)What is the reason for your answer to the last question?
Question 21 options:
Rusting makes the nail lighter.
Rust contains iron and oxygen.
The nail flakes away.
The iron from the nail is destroyed.
The flaky rust weighs less than iron.
Answer:
1.) The aluminum block
2.) more than the nail it came from
3.) Rust contains iron and oxygen
Explanation:
1.)
Mass, Density, and Volume are related by the following equation;
Mass = Volume*Density
Solving for volume;
Volume = Mass/Density
If Mass is constant then;
Volume ∝ 1/Density ; That is volume and density will be inversely proportional. The larger the volume the smaller the density
2.)
If an iron nail were allowed to rust completely, you should find that the rust weighs more than the nail it came from since Iron combines with oxygen and water from the air to form rust.
3.)
Rust contains iron and oxygen.
Rust is composed or made up of hydrated iron(III) oxides Fe2O.
What happens when the pressure of a gas is lowered
Hello There!
If this happens, the molecules collide less frequently.
the molecules collide less frequently
Explanation:
a p e x trust me
Blood serum is typically about 0.0044 M in K+ (aq). Calculate the mass of the potassium ions in 4,459. mL of blood serum. The molar mass of potassium is 39.10 g/mol
Answer:
0.767 g.
Explanation:
Molarity (M) is defined as the no. of moles of solute dissolved in a 1.0 L of the solution.
M = (no. of moles of K⁺)/(Volume of the solution (L).
∵ no. of moles of K⁺ = (mass/molar mass) of K⁺.
∴ M = (mass/molar mass) of K⁺/(Volume of the solution (L).
M = 0.0044 M.
Volume of the solution = 4459.0 mL = 4.459 L.
mass of K⁺ = ??? g.
molar mass of K⁺ = 39.01 g/mol.
∴ mass of K⁺ = (M)((molar mass of K⁺)(volume of the solution (L)) = (0.0044 M)(39.10 g/mol)(4.459 L) = 0.767 g.
when the pressure that a gas exerts on a sealed container changes from ____ atm to 2.64 atm, the temperature changes from 315 K to 475 K
Answer:
1.75 atm
Explanation:
When the pressure that a gas exerts on a sealed container changes from 1.75 atm to 2.64 atm, the temperature changes from 315 K to 475 K.
(2.64 atm) x (315 K / 475 K) = 1.75 atm
The pressure and temperature of a gas in a sealed container are directly proportional. An increase in temperature would imply that the pressure also increased.
Answer:1.75 atm
Explanation:
In a closed system, increase in pressure leads to increase in temperature. Using pressure law, P1/T1 = P2/T2
Data =
P1 =?
P2 = 2.64 atm
T1 = 315k
T2 = 475k
From the equation above,
P1 = P2 * T1 / T2
P1 = 2.64*315 / 475
P2 = 1.75 atm
How much potassium chlorate (KCIO3) must decompose in order to produce 150 grams of oxygen gas (O2)?
Potassium chlorate decomposes according to the following balanced equation:
2KCIO3 + heat → 2KCI+ 3O2
Answer:
765.95 grams.
Explanation:
2 moles of KClO3 produce 3 moles of oxygen.
Using molar masses:
2 * 122.545 g of KCLO3 produces 47.997 grams of oxygen.
47.997 g O2 is produced from 245.09 g KCLO3
150 g .......................................... 150 * 245.09 / 47.997
= 765.95 grams.
Certain types of organisms such as fireflies and anglerfish can produce light
through chemical reactions in a process called bioluminescence.
What kind of chemical reactions occur during bioluminescence?
O A) exothermic
OB) endothermic
OC) recomposition
OD) decomposition
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Describe two techniques used to measure the PH of a solution
Answer:
ph paper, or a ph meter
Explanation:
Answer:
Measure H+ concentration or measure OH- concentration
Explanation:
Since pH is basically the number of H+ ions in a solution, that's what you're trying to find. (it's actually -log of H+, which is irrelevant since this is a conceptual question). You can do this with a variety of chemicals.
And p,OH is always 14-pH. So you can also use the number of OH- ions to find p,OH, which can find pH.
hope this helps
How much heat is released when you condense 93.9 g of water vapor?
Show work please ❤️
Answer:
211.9 J
Explanation:
The molecules of water release heat during the transition of water vapor to liquid water, but the temperature of the water does not change with it.
The amount of heat released can be represented by the formula:
[tex]Q=mL_e[/tex]
where [tex]Q[/tex] = heat energy, [tex]m[/tex] = mass of water and [tex]L[/tex] = latent heat of evaporation.
The latent heat of evaporation for water is [tex]L=2257 kJ/kg[/tex] and the mass of the water is [tex]m=93.9 g=0.0939 kg[/tex].
The amount of heat released in this process is:
[tex]Q=mL_e = (0.0939kg)(2257 kJ/kg)=[/tex] 211.9 J
According to Newton’s first law of morion when will an object at rest begin to move?
Hello There!
According to "Newton's First Law" an object at rest will begin to move when it is acted upon an unbalanced force.
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name a brittle metal , which is used to galvanize iron
Answer:
ZINC(zn) is used as the coating layer for the iron and as well as for all ferrous materials in galvanization/galvanizing process which defined as given below.
Explanation:
Answer:
zinc
Explanation:
Please help!!!
Notice that the exponent is very close to -1. The equation is essentially in the form of V=kP-1
A proportion
An inverse proportion
A linear relationship
A quadratic relationship
A direct proportion
The equation has a quadratic relationship, since the equation has K and P. This indicates that its Non-linear equation but quadratic.
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Answer:
An inverse proportion
Explanation:
Charles’s law states that _____.
Charles's law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature when the pressure is constant.
Charles's law states that the volume of a given amount of gas is directly proportional to its temperature in the Kelvin scale, as long as the pressure remains constant.
This means that if you increase the temperature of a gas, its volume will also increase proportionally, and vice versa, provided that the pressure does not change.We can express this relationship mathematically as V/T = constant, where V is the volume and T is the temperature in Kelvin.
For example, if you have a balloon filled with air, and you heat it, the balloon will expand because the volume of the gas inside the balloon increases with temperature.In summary, Charles's Law helps us understand how gases behave under different temperatures, making it an important principle in the study of gases and their properties.
Element for mercury symbols
Answer:
Mercury
Chemical element
Symbol: Hg
Explanation:
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Answer:
you can probably find that on google.
Explanation:
what are the reactions of electron transport chain and respiratory chain?
Answer:
The electron transport chain consists of a series of redox reaction in the form of complex I, Q, complex II and III.
1- complex I establishes hydrogen gradient across the matrix by transferring two hydrogen ions plus its uses FMH as a cofactor.
2- In Q and complex II series, Q is reduced by NADH into QH2 and this complex receives FADH2 which delivers electrons to ETC.
3- The third complex is composed of cytochrome b and c.It also transfers protons to the fourth complex.
4- The Fourth complex contains cytochrome proteins c, a, and a3. It reduces oxygen which picks up the protons to form water.
Overall series of reactions in ETC:
NADH+H+ → Complex I → Q → Complex III → cytochrome c → Complex IV → H2O
↑
Complex II
↑
Succinate
Respiratory chain:
1- Hydrogen is obtained by the reduction of NADH and from FADH.
2- The electrons are transferred to complexes I, II and III and then to oxygen.
3- After this complexes, I, II and III expel protons across the membrane.
4- These protons are then used to synthesize ATP.
Final answer:
The electron transport chain, also known as the respiratory chain, is a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that transfer electrons from substrates to molecular oxygen. It is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes and the plasma membrane in prokaryotes. The energy released during the electron transfer is used to pump hydrogen ions across the membrane, creating a proton gradient that drives the synthesis of ATP.
Explanation:
The electron transport chain (ETC) or respiratory chain is a series of oxidation-reduction reactions that transfer electrons from substrates to molecular oxygen. It is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotes and the plasma membrane in prokaryotes. The ETC consists of four protein complexes, labeled I through IV, and associated mobile electron carriers. As electrons are passed through the chain, they lose energy, and this energy is used to pump hydrogen ions across the membrane, creating a proton gradient. The final electron acceptor is molecular oxygen, which is reduced to water. The ATP formed during this process is known as oxidative phosphorylation.
If 10.5 L of a gas at 0.98 atm has its pressure increased to 1.50 atm, what is the new volume?
Answer:
The new volume of this gas is 6.86 liters.
Assumption: the temperature of this gas stays the same, and this gas is ideal such that Boyle's Law applies.
Explanation:
By Boyle's Law, the volume of an ideal gas shall be inversely proportional to the pressure on it when temperature stays the same (as in an isothermal process.)
In other words,
[tex]\displaystyle V \propto \frac{1}{P}[/tex],
where
[tex]V[/tex] is the volume of the gas, and[tex]P[/tex] is the pressure on the gas.[tex]P_1 \cdot V_1 = P_2 \cdot V_2[/tex].
[tex]\displaystyle V_2 = \frac{P_1 \cdot V_1 }{P_2}[/tex].
Assume that this gas is ideal. Also assume that this increase in pressure is isothermal. Apply Boyle's Law to find the new volume of this gas:
[tex]\displaystyle V_2 = \frac{P_1 \cdot V_1 }{P_2} = \rm \frac{0.98\;atm \times 10.5\; L}{1.50\; atm} = 6.86\; L[/tex].
At 20°C, a sample of H2O liquid and a sample of CO2 gas each have the same average kinetic energy. Why is one a liquid and the other a gas at this temperature?
Answer:
Water has a strong hydrogen bond which is absent in carbon (IV) oxide.
The net forces of attraction between water molecules is greater than the kinetic energy thus water molecules cannot move far away from each other but slide over each other.
Carbon (IV) oxide molecules are held together by weak Van der waals forces which are overcome by the kinetic energy of the molecules. This makes the molecules move easily in random directions.
Answer:
The particles in the H2O liquid are more attracted to each other.
Explanation:
just got it right in study Island
In science class Richard learns that a substance has a boiling point of 230 Fahrenheit his teacher ask him to convert this temperature to degrees Celsius what is the boiling point of his substance in degrees Celsius
Answer:
110 celcius
Explanation:
(230- 32) · 5/9= 110
Answer:
Boiling point in degrees celsius = 356.4 (approximately 356 C)
Explanation:
Given:
Temperature = 230 Fahrenheit (F)
To determine:
The temperature in units of degrees celsius
Calculation:
Convert temperature from degrees celsius to degrees fahrenheit using the following formula:
[tex]C = (F-32)*1.8\\\\C = (230-32)*1.8 = 356.4[/tex]
A substance is dissolved in water and produces hydronium ions. This occurs when hydrogen ions move from the substance to
associate with water molecules. Which term best matches the behavior of this substance?
Arrhenius base
Arrhenius acid
Bronsted-Lowry base
Bronsted-Lowry acid
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Answer:
Arrhenius acid
Explanation:
The arrhenius theory conceptualizes an acid as a substance that interacts with water to produce excess hydroxonium ions in an aqueous sloution. Hydroxonium ions results when the oxygen atom of water chemically bonds with the protons released by the acid.
An arrehnius base interacts with water to yield excess hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution.
A Bronsted-Lowry base as a proton acceptor.
A Bronsted-Lowry acid is a proton donor.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Which property does a metal with a large number of free-flowing electrons most likely have?
very hard
very brittle
poor conductivity
good conductivity
a metal with a large number of free-flowing electrons most likely have good conductivity
Answer: Option (d) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Ability of an element or substance to conduct electricity is known as conductivity. Also, flow of electric current is the flow of free electrons.
It is known that metals contain more number of free electrons and they are good conductors of heat and electricity. Metals are hard substances.
Whereas non-metals are brittle and they are poor conductors of heat and electricity.
Thus, we can conclude that the property of a metal with a large number of free-flowing electrons most likely have good conductivity.
Which conclusion could be made from Ernest Rutherford’s gold foil experiment?
Atoms are made up of mostly empty space.
Atoms are mainly solid and block alpha particles.
The volume of the nucleus is large compared to the rest of the atom.
The mass of the nucleus is small compared to the rest of the atom.
Answer:
The correct option is :Atoms are made up of mostly empty space.
Explanation:
Ernest Rutherford’s gold foil experiment has following observation:
Most of the alpha particles had easily escaped through the atom which accounts for that atom is mostly empty space.Very less number of alpha particles were deflected from their path which indicated that positive charge is only concentrated in the center of the atom which termed as nucleus of an atom where positively charged i.e protons are located.Whole the mass of an atom is concentrated in the nucleus of the atom.