From the end of world war ii until 1989, probably the most significant factor shaping urban form in east european and soviet cities was _______

The main difference between revolutions and civil wars lies in their objectives and outcomes, with revolutions aiming for systemic change and a new social order, while civil wars focus on control over the government or addressing grievances within the same country.

Differences Between Revolutions and Civil Wars

The terms revolution and civil war are often mentioned in historical contexts, but they denote very different phenomena. The main difference between them lies in their objectives and outcomes. A revolution is characterized by the aim to overthrow and replace the existing government or social order with a new system, often accompanied by a radical change in society, policies, or economy. On the other hand, a civil war is a conflict between factions within the same country or state, fighting for control of the government, territory, or to address grievances, but not necessarily to overhaul the existing social order.

Civil wars, noted for their level of destruction, have been part of human history for centuries. They require a considerable degree of organization on both sides and result in high casualties, with, for instance, the US Civil War killing over 600,000 people. The violence in civil wars is notably sustained and features two or more organized groups within a country. In contrast, revolutions may start with a popular uprising but fundamentally aim for systemic change, often resulting in a significant shift in regime and societal norms, as seen in the French Revolution's goal to create a completely new society.

The distinction between these two forms of conflict becomes particularly evident when considering their long-term impacts. Revolutions, such as the American and French Revolutions, have left lasting changes in governance and societal structures, whereas civil wars often result in significant but more localized and internal changes. Understanding this distinction is crucial when studying historical events and their influence on current political and social environments.

Key events towards American independence include Continental Congress, the Declaration of Independence, support from Enlightenment advocates like Thomas Paine, the Treaty of Paris, the Battle of Saratoga and support from France that helped win the war.

The move towards American independence was marked by a series of key events. The process started with the Second Continental Congress in May 1775, where war with Great Britain had already started following skirmishes between colonial militiamen and British troops. The declaration of American Independence happened in July 1776, where the Congress declared independence from Britain, followed by the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

By following the principles of Enlightenment and natural rights, 12 out of the 13 colonies approved the Declaration. Independence was however not welcomed universally and some colonists remained neutral or supported the British. The Treaty of Paris in September 1783 officially ended the war where US representatives and King George III of Great Britain signed the treaty declaring peace.

Another critical factor in 1776 was the appearance of an anonymous pamphlet entitled Common Sense, written by Thomas Paine, which argued strongly for independence and shifted public sentiment. In terms of military events, the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga, which was won with aid from France, was a major turning point. General Burgoyne's surrender at Saratoga in October 1777 marked a shift in the war, as France began sending necessary military support.

https://brainly.com/question/30613891

#SPJ12

Final answer:

The Mughal Empire's ascendancy involved a mix of conquest, dynastic rule, and political alliances. Key figures like Babur and Akbar shaped the empire through military innovation, cultural synthesis, and religious tolerance, but by the 18th century, internal and external challenges led to the empire's decline and eventual subsumption by the British.

Explanation:

The pattern seen in the ways individuals came to power in the Mughal Empire reflects a complex blend of military conquest, dynastic succession, and political alliances. Founding emperor Babur used innovative military tactics and gunpowder weapons to establish Mughal rule after the fall of the Delhi Sultanate. Subsequent Mughal rulers, such as Akbar, broadened their control through further conquests and strategic marital alliances, while also encountering rebellions and resistance from various regional states and groups, including the Sikhs, Rajputs, and Marathas. Akbar notably promoted a hybrid Indo-Islamic culture and religious tolerance during his reign, positioning himself in contrast to his predecessors and creating a legacy of cultural patronage that included significant architectural works such as the Taj Mahal.

By the 18th century, the Mughal Empire faced challenges from emerging regional powers and external invasions, leading to the progressive loss of territories. The final blow to Mughal sovereignty came from the British Empire, initiated by the economic and political dominance of the British East India Company, which exploited India's diversity and advanced military technology to establish control over the region.

Answer:

Explanation:

All of the above.

I'm pretty sure is the answer to this question.

Final answer:

Both the Declaration of Independence and Elizabeth Cady Stanton's Declaration share the use of the phrase "When in the course of human events," declare "We hold these truths to be self-evident," and refer to a Creator. These similarities underscore the influence of Enlightenment ideas and the pursuit of inalienable rights such as "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness."

Explanation:

The two Declarations being discussed, the Declaration of Independence, authored by Thomas Jefferson, and the Declaration composed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton, contain several similarities. Both declarations share the use of the phrase "When in the course of human events" and famously declare, "We hold these truths to be self-evident" to emphasize universal human rights and values.

Each document also makes references to a Creator, asserting that certain rights are endowed by this entity. These aligned phrases reflect the influence of Enlightenment thinking and emphasize the inalienable rights of "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness" that governments are intended to protect, with the consent of the governed. The commitment to these principles is evident in the way both documents lay the foundations for their respective calls for change and address the issue of human equality, even though they originate from different historical contexts.

The Athenians chose officials by lottery as a way to ensure fairness and prevent corruption in their democratic system. This method of selecting officials highlighted their commitment to equal participation and shared responsibility among citizens.

The Athenians chose officials by lottery as a way to ensure fairness and prevent corruption in their democratic system. By selecting officials randomly, they believed that every citizen had an equal chance of participating in the government and holding positions of power. This practice also allowed for a broader representation of the Athenian population, as it wasn't limited to only the elite or wealthy individuals.

Additionally, the Athenians believed that appointing officials through a lottery would prevent individuals from seeking power for selfish reasons. Unlike elections, where candidates may campaign and make promises to gain support, the lottery system ensured that officials were chosen based on chance rather than personal ambition.

This method of selecting officials was a key aspect of Athenian democracy and highlighted their commitment to equal participation and shared responsibility among citizens. It was one way in which they sought to prevent the concentration of power and maintain a government that served the interests of the people.

https://brainly.com/question/32756811

#SPJ6

The correct answer is:

B. Fifth Amendment.

Explanation:

The Double Jeopardy clause located on the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution protects all citizens from being prosecuted from the same charges or the same offense twice.

The Double Jeopardy clause states "No person shall... be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb."

The Double Jeopardy clause protects innocent people's emotional, financial and social consequences, it also protects citizens from being judged again if the government didn't like the verdict, and protects the integrity of criminal procedures.

Majority rule refers to the surface of democracy that lets what the most people want to happen. This is the foundation for our voting system in the US. But, if the wants of the majority interfere with upon the rights of people in the minority, the majority may have to make concessions. We should strive for majority rule with protection for minority rights. The Constitution defends the rights of all citizens heedlessly of what the majority wants.

Answer:

interstate commerce.

Explanation:

The 1920s' prosperity in the U.S. mainly benefited the middle class who experienced rising earnings and consumed more goods due to technological advancements and credit accessibility. However, industrial workers, farmers, and the majority of American families who had limited savings and income lost ground, eventually compounding the economic crisis of the Great Depression.

The 1920s, often referred to as the Roaring Twenties, is seen as a period of prosperity and significant economic growth in the United States. Middle-class Americans, in particular, benefited the most from the prosperity of this era. Rising earnings generated greater disposable income, leading to increased consumption of leisure, entertainment, and consumer goods.

Technological advancements, such as Henry Ford's assembly-line efficiency, led to mass production, making car ownership possible for many Americans. Major retailers were ready to sell new consumer items like vacuum cleaners, refrigerators and electric ovens through credit lines, making domestic life significantly easier. On the other hand, those who did not share in this prosperity included the majority of American families who had virtually no savings.

About 80 percent of American families fell into this category, and only a fraction of the population controlled over a third of the wealth. Industrial workers and farmers also fell behind, with their wages stagnating or declining. This economic inequality deepened as the 1920s progressed. By the time the Great Depression hit in 1930, America's poor distribution of income compounded the economic crisis, causing banks to close and jobs to be lost.

https://brainly.com/question/32107756

#SPJ12

According to Howard Johnson, the one effect of the world war 1 on the black community is that the war that has been held enables the black community to strengthen their hopes and connections to the Almighty in which led them to be more connected to the church that made them grow and to cope up with the things happening around them.

The one affect stated by Howard Johnson (may his soul rest in peace) of the war on black community, wasn't that of even more discriminatory abuse from the white population, or any negative affect for that matter. Rather, a spiritual hope was born in these communities and led more people going to church and praying as well as believing in the Almighty.

Answer:

1492 — Christopher Columbus sails from Spain to the Americas.

Explanation:

Discovery of America is called the historic event of October 12, 1492, consisting of the arrival in America of an expedition led by Christopher Columbus by order of the Catholic Monarchs, Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon. Columbus had left the Port of Palos two months and nine days before and, after crossing the Atlantic Ocean, he arrived at an island in the American continent, Guanahani, believing that he had arrived in India. This fact is one of the fundamental moments of universal history and represents the meeting of two worlds that had evolved independently from the settlement of America.

Florence is considered the cradle of the Italian Renaissance due to its wealth, artistic innovation, and intellectual climate.

Florence is considered the cradle of the Italian Renaissance for several reasons. Firstly, the city accumulated extraordinary wealth during the Renaissance period, which allowed for the patronage of artists and the development of artistic and intellectual movements. Additionally, Florence was a center of trade and commerce, attracting wealthy merchants and bankers who were interested in supporting the arts.

Moreover, Florence was a hub of artistic innovation. Filippo Brunelleschi, an architect from Florence, formalized the use of perspective in art, leading to a new realistic style in painting. The city also produced influential thinkers and artists like Dante Alighieri, Petrarch, and Giotto, whose works laid the foundation for the Renaissance.

Lastly, Florence was a city-state that valued individual freedom and citizen participation in government. This atmosphere of liberty and respect for individuals fostered an environment conducive to creativity and intellectual exploration.

https://brainly.com/question/6086154

#SPJ6

The middle colonies were dubbed the 'bread basket' due to their extensive grain production, fertile soil, and leading role in the grain trade, which supported their rapid economic growth.

The middle colonies were known as the "bread basket" because of their significant production of grain products, including wheat and flaxseed. This nickname reflects the region's agricultural productivity, which was facilitated by its long growing season and fertile land. Farmers in these colonies were able to sell their grain to both local and international markets, largely contributing to their economic growth. Additionally, the middle colonies experienced rapid economic growth due to the expansion of industries, such as shipbuilding and livestock, which were complementary to the grain trade.

The middle colonies were known as the "bread basket" because they were major producers of grain, especially wheat and flaxseed. The region had a long growing season and fertile land, which allowed farmers to grow a variety of crops and raise livestock. The middle colonies also had a strong merchant class and introduced technological innovations to lower shipping times, stimulating shipbuilding and its associated industries.

Answer:

To protect the Earth and the living organism from ultraviolet radiation, heat, and to let the oxygen inside the atmosphere.

Explanation:

An atmosphere is a gas layer that surrounds a planet. Especially on Earth is the layer that allows life inside the planet. It maintains the heat of the Sun outside along with the ultraviolet radiation and the solar wind, all things that could harm all life inside the Earth.

I hope this answer helps you.