Explain three unique ways fungi are different from other microbes (algae, protozoans, bacteria and archaea).

Answer: reflex (involuntary) action

Explanation:

Salivation, after smelling baked cookies is best described as a reflex action, i.e it is a rapid, automatic and unconscious response that would always occur regardless of time or environment.

Other examples of reflex actions are

- blinking of the eye

- withdrawal of hand from hot objects etc

Answer:

Four

Explanation:

Like all proteins, the "blueprint" for hemoglobin exists in DNA.

Answer:

Four genes

Explanation:

Similar to all proteins, DNA makes up hemoglobin (the material that makes up genes). Individuals have four genes that code for the alpha protein, or alpha chain.

A movie about a genetically advanced individual who wants to pursue space travel aligns with the science fiction genre, which combines scientific principles with speculative future advancements.

A movie about a genetically advanced individual aspiring to travel in space most closely aligns with the genre of science fiction. This genre is often rooted in solid scientific principles while also exploring the potential future of space travel and technological advancements. For example, movies like Europa Report and Interstellar depict astronauts' experiences with space travel and the effects of relativity, respectively. Such movies also rely on advanced computer graphics to realistically portray environments in space, as seen in films like Gravity and The Martian. Science fiction films provide a lens through which we can explore complex concepts such as the universe's structure, black holes, and even the experience of weightlessness.

Answer:

Dissolve 47.025 grams of sucrose in enough water to produce 250 ml of solution.

Explanation:

You need to prepare 250. mL of a 0.550 M aqueous solution of sucrose, C12H22O11 (aq),

which is used frequently in biological experiments.

Based on your answer above, what is the value of x?

Solution:

A 0.550 M aqueous solution contains 0.550 mole of sucrose per liter of solution.

250 ml = 0.250 liter

Thus a 0.250 liter of a 0.550 M aqueous solution of sucrose contains 0.250 * 0.550 = 0.1375 mole of sucrose

Recall:

Mass = number of moles * mass of 1 mole

mass of 1 mole of C12H22O11

= 12(12) + 1(22) + 16(11)

= 144 + 22 + 176

= 342 grams

Mass = 0.1375 * 342 = 47.025 grams of sucrose.

Dissolve 47.025 grams of sucrose in enough water to produce 250 ml of solution.

When making a solution of a specific volume or quantity, it is important that the solvent is added to the solute when it has completely dissolved. That is the solvent is added first to the vessel

The correct responses to the questions are;

The reason the above options are correct is as follows:

The giving parameter are;

The volume of solution to be prepared, V = 250 mL = 0.250 L

The concentration of the solution to be prepared, n = 0.550 M

Chemical formula of the compound, sucrose, to be prepared = C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

Question: Base on online research, parts of the question appear missing and are therefore, included here as follows;

a. The type of glassware to be used to make the solution, for higher accuracy

A. A beaker

B. Erlenmeyer flask (conical flask)

C. Volumetric flask

Solution:

The vessel used to make solutions of accurate volume in the lab is the volumetric flask, which is option C.

C. Volumetric flask

A volumetric flask has calibration for making accurate or precise measurement of the liquid it contains

b. Required:

How the amount of solute required is to be corrected:

Solution:

Sucrose is a white crystalline solid substance that can be transferred with the use of spatula unto a balance where the mass is measured

Therefore, the correct response is;

Measure out x g of solid sucrose on a balance

c. Required:

The value of x in the x gram of sucrose to b measured

Solution;

The correct amount of solute, x, to be measured is found as follows

The mass of sucrose required, m = n × V × MM

Where;

MM = The molar mass of the sucrose = 342.2965 g/mol

x = 0.550 mol/L × 0.250 L × 342.2965 g/mol ≈ 47.066 g

x ≈ 47.066 g

d. Required:

The method by which the solute and the solvent are to be mixed in the container

Solution:

The method by which the solute and the solvent are mixed so that the volume of the total mixture is 250 mL is as follows;

It is important to add water unto the solute already in the flask so that the total volume of the solvent and solute combined is 250 mL

However, it is also important to first dissolve the solute in a small amount of water, so as to provide enough space for swirling of the liquid without spilling it

When all the sucrose has dissolved, water can then be added to fill the flack to the 250 mL mark

Therefore, the correct option is to mix a small amount of water with the solute to dissolve it, then fill with water to the 250-mL mark.

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Answer: Option C (receptor)

Explanation:

The membrane protein serves as a receptor which binds to the endogenous ligand (a chemical or ion messenger) on the cell membrane triggering the opening of the cell membrane for onward passage of signals or ions into the cell. This process is called signal transduction.

The summary of functions of the membrane protein is to send the signal onward, increases the effect of a single chemical messenger (ligand), and synthesize the signal into another biochemical process.

The function of the membrane proteins described is that of a receptor. They bind to specific molecules, known as ligands, in the extracellular fluid (ECF). When a ligand binds to the receptor, it triggers a response within the cell.

The membrane proteins described in the question are functioning as receptors. Receptors are membrane proteins that bind to specific ligands (molecules) that trigger a physiological response inside the cell. The transmembrane proteins in the scenario described bind to a ligand in the extracellular fluid (ECF) and upon binding, the gate opens. This typically allows ions or other molecules to enter the cell, initiating a chemical response within the cell.

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Answer:

Option D, tightly linked

Explanation:

The population of both rabbit and Lynx is tightly linked which means that if the population of rabbit is affected negatively, the population of Lynx will also get affected negatively.  

In general, Lynx gets its nutrition from rabbit by feeding on them when they are in sufficient number. When the rabbits become scarce, Lynx starts feeding on alternative food sources such as mice, carrion etc. but these food type cannot  provide sufficient nourishment to the  Lynx and hence the population of Lynx also reduces as some of them die because of starvation while the remaining move to different areas in search of food.  

Hence, option D  is correct

The growth curves for lynx and rabbits that fluctuate together represent predator-prey dynamics, with lynx being the predator and rabbits the prey. This tightly linked cycle of population growth and decline represents a classic example of predator-prey interaction, best exemplified by the historical cycling patterns of lynx and snowshoe hares in Northern Ontario.

The relationship wherein lynx feed on rabbits, and their growth curves fluctuate together, exemplifies predator-prey dynamics. These fluctuations are tightly linked cycles where the prey population (rabbits) increases leading to a subsequent increase in the predator population (lynx). This is followed by a decline in the prey population due to increased predation, which in turn causes a decline in the predator population due to food scarcity. Hence, the correct answer is not the S-shaped or J-shaped growth curve, nor irregular fluctuations, but rather a tightly linked cycle of respective population sizes of prey and predators.

These cycles are typically observed in wildlife population studies, such as the historical pattern of cycling between lynx and snowshoe hares in Northern Ontario, which has been documented through nearly 200 years of trapping data. The approximately 10-year cycle, with the lynx population lagging 1-2 years behind the hare population, demonstrates how interconnected and dependent these populations are on each other's numbers for their survival and growth rates.

Answer:

 C) 128

Explanation:

In binary fission each bacterial cell will divide into two parts.

1. Since the bacteria divides divides after every 20 min , We have to find the number of division in two hours two hour(2x60=120 min) which will be;

120÷20=6

It will undergo 6 divisions.

2. To calculate the number of bacteria at the end of 2 hours

Bacteria in the beginning x 2∧ Number of division

1× 2∧6= 128 Bacteria  

The size of a population of bacteria that reproduce by binary fission every 20 minutes starting from a single individual and lasting for 2 hours would be 64.

There are 120 minutes in a 2 hour period.

Starting at 0 minutes with 1 individual

After 20 minutes, there will be 2 individuals

After 40 minutes, there will be 4 individuals

after 60 minutes, 8 individuals

After 80 minutes, 16 individuals

After 100 minutes, 32 individuals

After 120 minutes. 64 individuals

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Answer: A. Brain - Organ level

B. Neurons - Cellular level

C. Neurotransmitters - Chemical level

D. Neurons and neuroglial cells - Tissue level

E.Brain combined with the spinal cord and spinal nerves - Organ System level

Explanation: There are five levels of organisation of life; cell, tissue, organ, system and organism.

The smallest unit is cell. Neurons are nerve cells.

Aggregation of cells forms a tissue. Neurons and neuroglial cells aggregate to form nervous tissues and are hence at tissue level.

Aggregation of tissues forms an organ. Brain is an example of organ. It is formed from aggregation of nervous tissues.

Tissues aggregate to form organs while aggregation of organs constitute a system. The nervous system consist of brain combined with spinal cord and spinal nerves.

The nervous system release chemicals called neurotransmitters.

Answer:

25% of the planetary primary productivity

75% of the ice-free land surface.

Explanation:

The researches and various studies have observed and analyzed that the  amount of the Earth’s Net Primary Productivity that human activity consumed is almost 25% of the planetary primary productivity

and,

Out of all the land available on the planet Earth, Human land-uses occupies about 75% of the ice-free land surface.

Answer:

The net primary productivity may be defined as the productivity rate lefts after the gross primary productivity reduced from the respiration. The plants acts as the producer in the ecosystem.

The humans directly or indirectly depend on plants and other animals for their productivity. The humans activity nearly consumes around 75% from the ice-free land surface. Around 25% of the planetary primary productivity is used directly by the humans for their activity.

Answer:

Whatever the cellular process may be, it is almost sure to involve proteins. Just as the cell’s genome describes its full complement of DNA, a cell’s proteome is its full complement of proteins.

Explanation:

Answer:

ALL OF THE ABOVE

Explanation:

Genetic Drift are the changes in allele frequency of a population that result from RANDOM survival or reproduction of individuals with certain characteristics.  Survival or reproduction of those individuals in the face of some environmental change is a matter of LUCK or CHANCE, not because of their phenotype or genotype.

While in Natural selection, the environmental events that affect a population are likely random, but the survival or reproduction of the individuals depends on their phenotypes and genotypes.

Meanwhile, Gene flow is the movement of genes into or out of a population. Low gen flow can lead to low genetic diversity.

Low population which can cause low genetic diversity, poor habitat conditions and habitat loss, road deaths, and commercial development in panther range are constant threats to the Florida Panther's survival.

All these causes are related and therefore affects the Florida Panther.

Answer: DiGeorge syndrome (DGS)

Explanation: It is caused by abnormal development of certain cells during fetal development.

It is a primary immunodeficiency disorder caused by the mutation in chromosome number 22.

Answer:

Option C, Psychosexual Development

Explanation:

Freud has proposed five stages in his theory and each stage is associated with a satisfaction drive or instinct i.e associated with different parts of body. In his theory, a child between the ages of 0 to 1 year, sense everything by putting it in his/her mouth. This gives satisfaction to the child. When he/she grows and his/her age lies within the age bracket of 1 to 3 years, a child develops an ego against things opposing his/her instinct which is in general resolved through potty training. Between the age of 3 to 6 years, child develops feelings of jealousy, attraction, rivalry and fear. In the latency stage i.e from 6 years to up till puberty, a child focuses on developing new skill sets; play with children of same gender etc.  

And in the last stage i.e from puberty to adult hood, a child experience adolescent attractions such as attraction towards opposite sex, love, relationship etc.

Hence, option C is correct

Answer:

Psychosexual development.

Explanation:

Freud was the famous psychologists and proposed different theories to explain the psychology of the humans. Freud also gave the psychoanalytic and psychosexual theory in psychology.

The psychosexual development includes the different stages of the sexual development that promotes libido in humans. The individual can show differences in the feeling, behavior, attitude and the psychical changes are also observed during the psychosexual development.  

Thus, the answer is option (c).

Answer:

D) lack peptidoglycan in their cell wall.

Explanation:

Archaea is a group of unicellular prokaryotes which shows the characteristics of the eukaryotes and eubacteria.

The Archaea since prokaryotic in origin lack the well-defined nucleus and organelles and resemble the bacteria but they differ from the bacteria in the composition of the cell wall.

The cell wall of the bacteria contains the peptidoglycan layer in the cell wall but the archaea lack the peptidoglycan but posses peptidoglycan like a molecule layer called pseudo-peptidoglycan layer with different sugar.

Thus, Option-D is the correct answer.

Archaea are single-celled microorganisms that are genetically related to bacteria but differ in their cell wall composition. Not all archaea can cause diseases in humans.

Archaea are most genetically related to bacteria. They are a group of single-celled microorganisms that lack a nucleus and contain a cell wall without peptidoglycan. While some archaea can be found in extreme environments, not all of them are pathogenic and can cause disease in humans.

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When conductors with negative charge touch, electrons flow from the object that has a greater negative charge to the object that has less negative charge in the process of conduction.

Electronic conductivity is defined as the exchange of charges between two bodies that are conductors by means of exchange and sharing of electrons between themselves.

Electrons are actually responsible for the existence of negative charges in the electricity, and presence of electrons make a body negatively charged and absence of electrons make them positive charged.

When a more negatively charged body touches a less negativity charged body, the electrons from more negatively charged body flows to the body with less negatively charged one, because of more electron density.

When conductors with opposite charge touch, electrons flow from the object that has a greater negative charge to the object that has less negative charge in the process of charge transfer.

When conductors with opposite charge touch, electrons flow from the object that has a greater negative charge to the object that has less negative charge in the process of charge transfer. Conductors are materials in which charges can move freely. If a conductor with excess negative charge comes into contact with a conductor with excess positive charge, electrons will flow from the conductor with more negative charge to the conductor with less negative charge until the charges are in equilibrium.

A client has been diagnosed with gram-negative pneumonia of the lower lobe. Knowing that gram-negative bacteria have a lipopolysaccharide endotoxin on their outer cell membrane, the health care provider should be assessing the client for which pathophysiological end result will be Apoptosis

Explanation:

A cell expires in two ways namely, Apoptosis and necrosis. When an injury or any force that comes externally and makes a cell die it is called as  Necrosis. This may include any injury or any infection that happens during stroke or heart arrest.

When a cell is not affected by any external force and it dies by itself, then it is called as Apoptosis. It is also called as a programmed death of cell. The victims are multi cellular organisms. Thus, the given scenario clearly shows that the result will  be apoptosis.

Answer:

up-regulation

Explanation:

Upregulation is where a increases the quantity of a cellular component like protein or RNA in response to an external stimulus.By controlling the number of its receptors, cells may increase and decrease their cell sensitivity.... Hormones can also trigger cells to control themselves by upregulation.( Estrogen is the primary sex hormone for females).

The similarities between Jonas's family dwelling and the living area at the annex are that both spaces are cramped and lacking in privacy. However, there are also differences between the two. Jonas's family dwelling is described as being in short supply and families might find themselves occupying only two or three rooms, while the living area at the annex is an experiment in living apart.

The similarities between Jonas's family dwelling and the living area at the annex are that both spaces are cramped and lacking in privacy. In both places, everyday activities determine the organization of space. However, there are also differences between the two. Jonas's family dwelling is described as being in short supply and families might find themselves occupying only two or three rooms. On the other hand, the living area at the annex is an experiment in living apart, but not too far apart, from conformist neighbors.

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Jonas's family dwelling and the living area at the annex have similarities in cramped living spaces and shared activities, but differ in the presence of separate rooms and a kitchen in the annex.

Jonas's family dwelling and the living area in the annex share some similarities and differences.

Similarities:

Differences:

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Answer and Explanation:

Data:

This 64% of the population is composed of individuals with genotype CC and Cc. This percentage equals a frequency of 0.64.

36% of the population is composed of homozygote individuals expressing the recessive trait, cc. This percentage equals a genotypic frequency of 0.36.

If CC=p² and cc=q², then:

cc=q²=0,36

√cc=√0.36=0.6

c=0.6

0.6 is the allelic frequency for the recessive trait.

Considering that the sum of frequencies of the dominant allele plus the recessive allele equals one, then  C + c = 1.

If we know the frequency of the recessive allele c, but not the frequency of the dominant allele, we can obtain it by clearing the equation. This is  

      C + c = 1

      C + 0.6 = 1

      1 - 0.6 = C

      1 - 0.6 = 0.4

So the frequency of the dominant allele, C is 0.4.

The genotypic frequency of the heterozygous is 2pq=2Cc=2x0.4x0.6= 0.48

So the genotyic frequency for the heterozygous is 0.48

So, up to now, we have:

Answer:

Prejudice

Explanation:

Answer: The testing effect  

Explanation:

The testing effect can be generally used to find out that long-term memory is generally increased when a bit of the (adapting)learning period is spend towards retrieving what is to be retained in the brain.

This effect is often referred as practice testing or retrieval practice. This is required to test what is retained in the brain which was studied over a long time back.

This effect is known as the testing effect.

Final answer:

The concept that describes the improvement in long-term retention due to actively recalling studied information is known as C) the testing effect, which is part of effective learning strategies and metacognition.

Explanation:

The phenomenon where testing your ability to recall information you have just studied improves your long-term retention of that information is referred to as the testing effect. This concept is grounded in the idea that retrieval is one of the most powerful enhancements to learning, as highlighted in the work of Roediger and Butler (2013). It is more beneficial than simply reviewing the material because it involves the active act of getting information out of long-term memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This self-testing not only helps you to understand if you truly know the material but also makes learning more durable over time. In contrast to becoming overconfident from merely reviewing notes, the testing effect provides a more accurate assessment of one's knowledge, tapping into metacognition.

Answer:

b. gametophyte mitosis

Explanation:

Plants have diploid sporophyte generation. The diploid spore mother cells of the sporophyte generation undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores. These spores divide by mitosis to produce haploid gametophyte. Therefore, plants have haploid gametophytes. These haploid gametophytes form gametes by mitosis. So, gametophyte mitosis gives rise to gametes in plants.

For example, the haploid microspores are produced in anthers of flowering plants by meiosis in the microspore mother cells. These haploid microspores give rise to haploid gametophytes which in turn divide mitotically to produce haploid male gametes.

The formation of gametes in a plant's sexual life cycle is due to gametophyte mitosis. The sporophyte, after meiosis, produces spores, which develop into gametophytes. The gametophytes then undergo mitosis to create the male and female gametes.

The process that leads directly to the formation of gametes in a plant's sexual life cycle is b. gametophyte mitosis.

In the plant's life cycle, the sporophyte undergoes meiosis to produce spores, which develop into gametophytes. The gametophytes then undergo mitosis to form the male and female gametes.

After these gametes meet in the process called fertilization, they form a zygote, leading to the sporophyte again. This is known as the alternation of generations, but it is the gametophyte's mitotic division that specifically leads to gametes.

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Answer:

1. Plasmodesmata

2. Gap junctions

Explanation:

In a multicellular organism, the cell communicates to another cell in via direct cell to cell contact between them which allows the cells to perform intercellular communication which differs in the plant, animal and fungal cell.

In-plant cell, the intercellular communication takes place through the plasmodesmata connections which are formed between two adjacent plant cell walls. The plasmodesmata connection allows the exchange of cytoplasmic material between the cells.

In animal cells, the cells communicate to another cell through Gap junctions which are formed by the connexon pores which allows the exchange of material between animal cells.

Thus, Plasmodesmata and Gap junctions are correct.

Final answer:

In plants, plasmodesmata are the cell junctions that allow the free exchange of small molecules that assist in communication. In animal cells, similar cell junctions are known as gap junctions.

Explanation:

In plants, plasmodesmata are the cell junctions that allow the free exchange of small molecules that assist in communication. In animal cells, similar cell junctions are known as gap junctions. Plasmodesmata are specialized openings in cell walls through which the cytoplasm of adjacent cells can connect, facilitating the transport of various substances such as ions and nutrients. Gap junctions in animal cells serve a similar function; they are channels that permit the transfer of molecules and ions between neighboring cells, enabling intercellular communication. Although functionally similar, plasmodesmata and gap junctions differ structurally. These intercellular junctions are crucial for maintaining the physiological processes that keep tissues and organs functioning properly.

Answer:

Metabolic

Explanation:

Louis Pasteur was a French microbiologist who is known for his work on vaccination, pasteurization and the fermentation.

The fermentation process was understood and explained by Louis Pasteur as the process which takes place in the anaerobic conditions used by the microbes to survive like yeast. During fermentation, the process converts the glucose to metabolites called lactic acid, carbon dioxide and alcohol.This process is now utilised by the food industry to make a variety of products.

Thus, Metabolic is the correct answer.

Answer:

Paramedic

Explanation:

The emergency medical services may be defined as the services that are provided to the individual at the time of emergency situation during any injury, accident or the attacks.

The paramedic individual may be defined the member of the emergency medical service that has expertise in the healthcare services and attend the emergency medical calls. The individual provide the medical support in the advanced life support.

Thus, the correct answer is option (d).

Answer:

The correct answer is - paramedic.

Explanation:

A paramedic is a healthcare professional who works as an emergency medical service provider.  These EMS providers are called for medical help in emergency cases outside the hospital or clinics.

Paramedics must have EMT basic training or extensive training in various roles of the ALS or advanced life support, these training tenures depend on the institution typically include a maximum of 150 hours of coursework.

Thus, the correct answer is - paramedic.

Answer: The layers of the cell membrane is made of lipid

Explanation:

The cell membrane is made of a double-lipid layer, so it permits large steroid molecules like Estron or cholesterol since they are non-polar and lipid-friendly, whereas it does not permit the hormone adrenaline because it is a polar and charged molecule and non-lipid friendly.

Answer:

Digestion is a process by which large ingested molecules are mechanically and chemically broken down to produce basic nutrients that can be absorbed across the wall of the GI tract.

Explanation:

Digestion is the process by which large molecules of food are broken down into molecules small enough to be absorbed by the body's cells, that is, through this process the body obtains nutrients from food to function properly. The organs that perform this function are part of the digestive system. Digestion and absorption takes place in the gastrointestinal tract (GI track), during its passage through this tube, food remains 3 to 5 hours in the stomach, 4 hours in its movement along the small intestine and 6 to 20 hours in the large intestine .

Answer:

Insulin

Explanation:

The main function of the pancreas is to maintain the bodies blood sugar by either releasing insulin or glucagon.

Glucagon are released by Alpha cells in the pancreas when the blood sugar levels are low that leads to the release of glucose into the blood.

Insulin is the hormone released by the Beta cells in the pancreas when the blood sugar rises. It regulates blood sugars by allowing  the body cells to absorb and use the glucose in turn reducing the sugar levels.

Following this meal, your blood sugar rises and the pancreas releases insulin in an attempt to shuttle blood sugar into your cells.

After consuming a large pasta entree for lunch, the surge in blood sugar triggers the pancreas to release insulin. Insulin is a hormone crucial for regulating glucose levels in the bloodstream. Its primary role is to facilitate the uptake of glucose by cells, particularly muscle and adipose (fat) cells, for energy production and storage. In response to elevated blood sugar levels after a meal, insulin signals cells to increase their uptake of glucose, allowing them to use it for energy or store it for later use.

This process helps maintain blood sugar within a narrow and optimal range, preventing hyperglycemia. The pancreas acts as a key player in glucose homeostasis, releasing insulin when blood sugar levels rise and glucagon when they fall, ensuring a balanced and controlled metabolic environment. The intricate interplay between insulin, glucose, and cellular uptake is essential for energy regulation in the body and underscores the significance of hormonal mechanisms in maintaining physiological balance.

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Answer:

plasma membrane receptors

Explanation:

Water-soluble hormones such as amine and peptide hormones cannot cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membranes of their target cells. Therefore, these hormones have cell surface receptors present on the surface of their target cells. Binding of water-soluble hormones to their respective plasma membrane receptors on the target cells stimulates the generation of a second messenger which in turn brings about the desired changes in the cells.

For example, binding of some water-soluble hormones to their plasma membrane receptors stimulates the formation of cAMP inside the target cells. The cAMP serves as the second messenger and activates the protein kinases which in turn activate cellular proteins involved in the generation of the desired response.

Water-soluble hormones bind to plasma membrane receptors, which sets off a cascade involving the activation of adenylate cyclase and the production of cAMP, leading to cellular responses through protein kinases.

Water-soluble hormones affect target cells by binding to plasma membrane receptors. When a water-soluble hormone binds to its receptor, it activates a G-protein that is associated with the receptor on the cell membrane. This then activates an enzyme called adenylate cyclase, which converts ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP), the second messenger. cAMP activates enzymes called protein kinases, which in turn phosphorylate various cellular proteins, leading to the desired cellular response.

Answer:

B. Water.....

Answer: Water

Explanation: Why would trees compete for predators or producers? That doesn't make sense