Enzyme specificity lies in its structure, particularly its active site, which is unique and suitable for a specific substrate. The enzyme structure changes to accommodate its substrate on binding, a phenomenon called 'induced fit'. However, some enzymes show flexibility and can act on several different substrates.
Explanation:The specificity of an enzyme is determined by its structure, particularly at the active site. This is the region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and the chemical reaction it catalyzes takes place. The active site contains a unique combination of amino acid residues or side chains that create a specific chemical environment suitable for binding with a specific substrate. This is akin to a jigsaw puzzle where the pieces fit together perfectly.
The interaction between an enzyme and its substrate is often described by two models: the 'lock-and-key' hypothesis and the 'induced fit' hypothesis. The 'lock-and-key' hypothesis suggests that the active site and the substrate are complementary to each other, fitting together like a key in a lock. The 'induced fit' hypothesis suggests that the enzyme structure is flexible, adjusting to accommodate the substrate. This adjustment makes the active site an even better fit for the substrate, a bit like a glove moulding to the shape of a hand inserted into it.
Despite this specificity, there can be some flexibility as well. Some enzymes are capable of acting on several different structurally related substrates. Therefore, there is a specifically matched enzyme for each substrate and thus, for each chemical reaction.
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Enzymes are specific due to their unique active sites that fit substrates like a lock and key. The induced fit model describes how enzymes can slightly adjust their shape to bind substrates more tightly.
Enzymes are highly specific biological catalysts due to their three-dimensional structure. The specificity of an enzyme is primarily attributed to its active site, which has a unique shape that fits only specific substrate molecules, much like a lock and key.
This model suggests that the enzyme (lock) can only be activated by a substrate (key) that exactly fits its shape.Another model is the induced fit model, where the enzyme changes shape slightly after binding the substrate to achieve a tighter fit. This adaptability allows for better alignment of the enzyme's catalytic site with the chemical bonds in the substrate, facilitating the reaction. The specific arrangement of amino acids around the active site creates a favorable environment for the reaction, enhancing the enzyme's effectiveness.Overall, the enzyme's structure is finely tuned to its specific substrates, enabling precise catalytic activity essential for various biochemical reactions.
People’s choices can sometimes have negative effects on their own health, as well as the health or well-being of others. Describe two of these choices, explaining how they can impact the individual and others.
Using ____ medications may lead to excessive plugging of the airway with secretions
I NEED HELP WITH A QUICK BIOLOGY QUESTION!
A biochemist measured the amount of dna in cells growing in the laboratory and found that the quantity of dna in the cells doubled __________.
A biochemist measured the amount of DNA in cells growing in the laboratory and found that the quantity of DNA in the cells doubled between the G1 and G2 phases.
Why does the amount of DNA get double between the G1 and G2 phases?The amount of DNA gets doubles in between the G1 and G2 phases because in between both of these phases, there is a phase of synthesis (S-phase).
After resting condition, the cell enters the S-phase, where DNA replication occurs, and the amount of DNA gets doubled after the completion of this phase throughout.
During the G1 phase of the cell cycle, the cell does not have the competence to replicate its DNA. From this phase of cell division, the cell enters the S-phase where the DNA gets synthesized and the amount of its gets doubled in each cell.
Therefore, a biochemist measured the amount of DNA in cells growing in the laboratory and found that the quantity of DNA in the cells doubled between the G1 and G2 phases.
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A pregnant woman in her second trimester comes to the prenatal clinic for a routine visit. she reports that she has a new kitten. the nurse would have the woman evaluated for which infection
Many reservoirs are fed by underground water supplies flowing in _____.
aquifers yaaaaaaaay water from underground usually comes from aquifers
Many reservoirs are fed by underground water supplies flowing in aquifers.
An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing porous stone, earth or gravel. Groundwater in aquifers flows to the surface naturally and usually discharges into reservoirs, springs, seeps and they can also form wetlands. The permeability of the geologic layer of which an aquifer is formed determines the importance of an aquifer as a source of groundwater.
Electric charge can be transferred from one conducting body to another _________.
What cell organelle can be seen changing position in the moving cytoplasm of elodea?
How do some hormones affect only certain cells in the body but not others?
1.Only cells having specific receptors for a hormone can respond to the hormone's presence.
2.The hormones only go to some cells in the body but not to others.
3.Special molecules on cells that are not affected break down the hormone before the cell can recognize it.
4.Some cells have the wrong temperature to respond to the hormone.
The answer is number 1
a cell is placed into a beaker if water as shown. diamonds represent salt molecules and blank space represents water. what will happen to the cell?
Garth is a heavy cigarette smoker. what types of sexual problems can he possibly experience due to smoking?
Hypothesize about what would happen to the climate of there were no ocean
Species diversity, the number and relative abundance of species present in a community, is affected by competition, which results in
Species diversity is determined by species richness and species evenness, which are both impacted by competition among species within a community. Intense competition can decrease species diversity by reducing both the number and the relative abundance of species in an area.
Species diversity is affected by competition, a process where species interact and compete for the same resources within a community. When competition occurs, it can lead to a decrease in species diversity because some species will outcompete others, leading to reduced abundance or even the possible local extinction of the less competitive species. This interaction affects both the species richness, which is the total number of different species, and species evenness, which is the relative abundance of the different species in the community.
For instance, if we consider two communities with the same species richness (both having five different species), but in Community A one species, such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum), is far more abundant than the others, it results in low species evenness and thus a lower overall species diversity. In contrast, Community B, with a more balanced distribution of species, would exhibit greater species evenness and therefore higher species diversity.
Scientists study these community-level ecological interactions to understand the dynamics of species populations and the health of ecosystems. They note that biodiversity can vary greatly from one location to another, such as between the low-diversity glaciers of Antarctica and the high-diversity tropical rainforests.
The ______ the temperature of an object the lower the ______ is thermal energy.
A Higher or lower
B Lower or lower
C Lower or higher
The correct option is B. The lower the temperature of an object the lower the lower is thermal energy.
The lower the temperature of an object, the lower is its thermal energy. Temperature directly influences the kinetic energy of molecules.
When temperature decreases, molecules have less kinetic energy, resulting in lower overall thermal energy stored within the object. Thus, lower temperatures correspond to lower thermal energy levels.
The other options are incorrect because:
A. Higher or lower is incorrect because higher temperatures increase thermal energy, contrary to the statement.C. Lower or higher is incorrect because lower temperatures correspond to lower thermal energy, not higher.Which bone or pair of bones forms the superior portion of the cranium?
Final answer:
The parietal bones are the pair of bones that form the superior portion of the cranium, joined at the top of the skull and bordered by other cranial bones.
Explanation:
The superior portion of the cranium is formed by the parietal bones. These are paired bones that join together at the top of the skull, providing significant coverage and protection for the brain. The parietal bones are bordered anteriorly by the frontal bone, inferiorly by the temporal bones, and posteriorly by the occipital bone. Additionally, the entire cranium is composed of eight bones: one frontal bone, two parietal bones, two temporal bones, one occipital bone, one sphenoid bone, and one ethmoid bone, together creating the protective case around the brain.
Individuals suffering from congenital analgesia have a shorter life span due to ________.
Answer:
The correct answer would be repeated severe injuries because of pain insensitivity.
Explanation:
Congenital analgesia is a genetic disease that causes an individual to have no pain or pain insensitivity. This lack of pain leads to an accumulation of bruises, wounds, broken bones, and other health problems that may go undetected.
These injuries often lead to a short life expectancy in people with congenital analgesia to pain.
Thus, the correct answer would be repeated severe injuries because of pain insensitivity.
Which statement is true for both plant and animals cells?
A) They have cell nuclei and vacuoles.
B) Animal cells are generally smaller than plant cells.
C) They have centrioles and cellulose.
D) They have mitochondria and chloroplasts.
The right answer is B) Animal cells are generally smaller than plant cells.
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of any living organism, that is to say that all living forms are composed of one or more cells. We speak of a unicellular or multicellular organism. The cells are either of the prokaryotic type or of the eukaryotic type.
The plant cell is larger than the animal cells, all the sites of biology without exception support this point of view. The animal cell has an average size of 50 microns (the largest of which, the oocyte is 120 micrometer) while the plant cell has an average size between 100 and 200 micrometers, so about four times more.
The vacuole is not systematically found in all animal cells (except for some specialized cells or macrophages where digestive vacuoles are found), moreover, it is not as characteristic as that of plant cells. it is much smaller or non-existent. Rare authors speak of vacuoles in animal cells but the term vesicle is more appropriate. Are different from vesicles because vacuoles:
1. Have a longer life
2. Are relatively stationary (static)
3. Are often very big
A homozygous tall (dominant) pea plant is crossed with a short (recessive) plant. The probability that an F1 plant will be tall is
Permafrost, or permanently frozen subsoil, characterizes _____.
Organic catalysts are called polysaccharides. True False
Answer:
false
Explanation:
The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of _____.
A. the Krebs cycle
B. cellular respiration
C. glycolysis
D. fermentation
The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of: (B) cellular respiration.
The products of photosynthesis, namely glucose and oxygen, are used as the reactants or substrates for cellular respiration. In cellular respiration, the glucose produced during photosynthesis is broken down in the presence of oxygen, releasing energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Photosynthesis is a biological process occurring in plants, algae, and a few bacteria. Through this process, the organisms convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose or other organic compounds. Photosynthesis is critical for life on Earth as it sustains plant growth and provides energy for all organisms that consume plants or plant-eating animals.
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In dna methylation, which nitrogenous base is most frequently methylated?
When a tumor is too large or too serious for a lumpectomy, a ________ is performed?
When a tumor that is present on an individual is too large or serious for lumpectomy, the procedure that is to be performed is mastectomy. This procedure is a way of having to remove a tumor in a form of surgery to prevent the tumor from spreading or to prevent any serious consequences.
A mastectomy is performed when a tumor is too large or too serious for a lumpectomy. Surgery aims to treat isolated, solid cancers, and a biopsy is used for diagnosis before surgical procedures.
Explanation:When a tumor is too large or too serious for a lumpectomy, a mastectomy is performed. Surgery is a common intervention for treating isolated, solid cancers where surgeons aim to remove the whole mass along with local lymph nodes if necessary. A biopsy may be conducted prior to surgery to analyze tissue specimens in a medical laboratory for cancer diagnosis. In situations where tumors cannot be removed without damaging vital structures, as it sometimes happens in the brain, other types of treatments are mandatory.
Which element in Group IIA will have the highest melting temperature?
Ba
Be
Re
Ca
Sr
Mg
JUST ONE ANSWER
BERYLLIUM - 1278 degrees C
The right answer is Be (1 287 °C).
Beryllium (Be) is a chemical element with the atomic number 4 and an atomic mass of 9,0121831 u. In the periodic table, it is the first representative of alkaline earth metals.
A bivalent element, beryllium is an alkaline-earth metal with a steel-gray appearance. It is light, fragile and toxic.
Beryllium has the highest melting point of all light metals. It is fragile, but lighter and six times stronger than aluminum.
Explain why mitosis is referred to as a process of cell replication
Final answer:
Mitosis is the process by which a single cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells, essential for organism growth and repair. It involves carefully orchestrated stages that ensure precise distribution of replicated DNA followed by cell division. However, unregulated mitosis can lead to cancer.
Explanation:
Mitosis is referred to as a process of cell replication because it results in two genetically identical daughter cells from a single parent cell. This is essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of an organism. During interphase, the DNA is replicated to prepare for mitosis. The mitotic stages, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, involve meticulous separation and distribution of the replicated chromosomes. In cytokinesis, which follows mitosis, the cell is divided into two, each with an identical set of chromosomes.
Crucial components like spindle fibers ensure that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material. This is vital not just for unicellular organisms that rely on mitosis for reproduction but also for multicellular organisms that need it for tissue repair and overall growth. Moreover, when mitosis occurs without proper regulation, it can lead to cancer, showing both the significance and the potential risks associated with this process.
X-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in the brain after injection of contrast material
Waste products which build up in the body can become deadly.
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Confined aquifers are found _____.
An aquifer is of 2 types - unconfined and confined aquifers. It can be defined as a body of permeable rock which can contain groundwater.
Confined aquifers have an impermeable rock layer that prevents water from seeping into the aquifer from the ground surface. So, this aquifer is present between the rocks layer that are impermeable.
The parents of a male adolescent with anorexia nervosa ask the nurse, "how long will our son's treatment take?" what is the most therapeutic response by the nurse?
Early land animals had to return to the water to reproduce.
True or False?