Explain how elevated insulin level and suppressed c-peptide level strongly supports exogenous insulin administration, as opposed to overproduction of insulin in such cases of endogenous insulin overproduction as insulinoma or treatment with sulphonylurea

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Answer 1

Equimolar amount of insulin and C peptide are usually released into the body system circulation under normal circumstances. A large fraction of circulating insulin is typically rapidly remove by the liver while the liver clear only a negligible amount of C peptide. C peptide is primarily cleared by the kidney at a lower metabolic clearance rate.
Normally the, C peptide level increases when the pancreatic secretion of insulin increases and vice versa. Therefore, exogenous administration of insulin results in an increase in insulin level without a corresponding increase in C peptide level. On the other hand, both insulin and C peptide levels are elevated in patients with insulinoma.

Related Questions

"where in the rat's digestive system does mechanical digestion occur? chemical digestion occurs at three points along the digestive track. name those three points and what type(s) of foods are being chemically digested at each one."

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In a rat's digestive system mechanical digestion occurs in the mouth, stomach. Chemical digestion occurs at three points, which are: In the mouth starch is partially digested, in the stomach proteins are digested, and in the small intestine the rest of the food (but not fiber) is digested.

In addition to secreting orexin, the ________ monitors levels of the body's other appetite hormones.
a. hippocampus
b. cerebellum
c. hypothalamus
d. amygdala

Answers

The correct option is C.
The hypothalamus is an area of the brain which contain a number of nuclei which have varieties of functions. The hypothalamus link up the nervous system and the endocrine system through the pituitary gland in the brain. The hypothalamus is responsible for the secretion of orexin hormone, which regulates appetite, wakefulness and arousal. Hypothalamus is also responsible for monitoring the secretion of other appetite hormones.

Label the plasma membrane of a cell that is placed in a solution

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can you please show me a picture

"what type of digestion involves the gastric mill? do rats accomplish that type of digestion in their stomachs?"

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Since they don't have teeth, crawfish have a gastric factory that aides in absorption in the stomach. The factory is like teeth however are in the stomach. Rats don't have the kind of processing in their stomach since they have teeth.

The answer to this question would be: False

Gastric mill is an organ located inside the stomach that was used to grind the food so it would be smaller and easier to digest. This organ found in the animal that doesn't have teeth, so they just swallow their food whole.
Rats don't have gastric mill because it was not needed. Rat has teeth and can cut their food into many smaller part that easy to digest.

Explain the different preparations of cocaine and how they are used.

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Cocaine Preparations -Coca leaves --> Coca Paste (60% pure): Not water soluble, so you can't inject it into the bloodstream -- you need an additional chemical step to turn the paste into crystal powder that can be injected or snorted -Coca --> Cocaine Hydrochloride (99% pure): Doesn't hold up very well to heat, so you can't smoke cocaine hydrochloride -Cocaine Hydrochloride (99% pure) --> Free-Base Cocaine or Crack Cocaine: -Reconvert cocaine hydrochloride back to base state by removing hydrochloride from cocaine (that's why it's called free-base cocaine) -Crack cocaine is a crystallized form, mixture of cocaine and baking soda -75% pure -Can be used at lower doses and is much cheaper than cocaine -Can be smoked

Some researchers suggest that poor regulation of the brain's _____ may lead to panic attacks, which cause the limbic system to become overstimulated.

Answers

Final answer:

Researchers believe that dysregulation of the limbic system could lead to panic attacks due to its role in managing emotions and the fight-or-flight response, involving key structures like the amygdala and hippocampus.

Explanation:

Some researchers suggest that poor regulation of the brain's limbic system may lead to panic attacks, which cause the limbic system to become overstimulated. This complex network within the brain is responsible for regulating emotions and behaviors linked to fear, motivation, and memory formation. The amygdala and the hippocampus are key structures within the limbic system that play significant roles in emotional processing. An overactive amygdala can result in heightened fear responses, while alterations in hippocampal volume have been observed in mood disorders. Additionally, the hypothalamus, also part of the limbic system, has outputs that travel through the medial forebrain bundle to influence the autonomic nervous system and regulate stress hormone release.

Which best describes the nature of photosynthesis?
It is an energy-attracting process.
It is an energy-building process.
It is an energy-releasing process.
It is an energy-storing process.

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Answer:

Explanation:

will you find it in your heart to give me brainliest

Wastes are poisonous to a cell and must be removed from the cytoplasm. Predict how cell size could affect the removal process and the survival of a cell.

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Once a cell gets larger, it becomes harder to maintain and many problems like lack of DNA, membrane and organelle efficiency occur. The lysosomes normally remove toxins from a cell, but with them being less efficient, they might have trouble removing all of the wastes from a cell.

Cell size impacts waste removal; larger cells have a lower surface area to volume ratio, making waste elimination less efficient. The greater distance substances must travel within larger cells slows the diffusion rate, hindering cellular metabolism and potentially causing disease or death.

Cell size can significantly affect the process of waste removal and the overall survival of a cell. The surface area to volume ratio (SA:V) is crucial for efficient waste elimination and nutrient intake. As a cell grows larger, its volume increases faster than its surface area, leading to a lower SA:V ratio. This decrease in ratio means that there is less surface area available for wastes to be expelled relative to the volume of the cell that produces the waste.

Moreover, the distance traveled by substances inside the cell becomes greater in larger cells, slowing down the diffusion rate. Given that a cell's metabolism and the elimination of waste products are critical for its health, cells have evolved to be small or to have specialized shapes that maximize surface area, thus ensuring efficient exchange with their environment. Excessive accumulation of waste products can be toxic and interfere with cellular metabolism, potentially leading to cell death or diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disease.

Ultimately, to maintain a healthy balance and ensure survival, cells need to be able to manage their waste efficiently, which is facilitated by an optimal size and shape that supports rapid transport of materials across the cell membrane.

Summarize why the extinction rate is greater now than in the past biology

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Habitat destruction, global warming and other problems influenced by humans are causing extinction rates to increase.

Which type of coal is found closest to the surface?

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Strip mining is used where coal seams are located very near the surface and can be removed in massive layers, or strips.

Research shows that Mount Everest grows an average of 4 millimeters each year. How many years will it take to grow 720 millimeters

Answers

4 mm / year
720 mm = x years

4x = 720 mm
Divide both sides by 4
x = 180 years

To prove it:

4 mm * 180 years = 720 mm

Answer:

180 years.

Explanation:

To calculate this we will need to make a very simple calculation, called the "rule of three", which is a calculation used to find the ratio of three factors.

If we look at the question above, we will see that Mount Everest grows 4 millimeters per year (so in our calculation we will use the ratio 4 = 1), but we don't know how many years ago Mount Everest will grow 720 millimeters (so in our calculation we will use the proportion 720= x).

This way we will have the calculation:

4 = 1

720 = X

From this, we will imagine a diagonal line and multiply the values at the end of each line. This way we will have:

4 x X = 1x 720

As a result we will have:

4X = 720

Now we will move all numbers to one side and all letters to the other side. Since the number 4 is multiplying the letter X, it will move to the other side dividing the 720. So we have:

X = 720/4.

As a result we will have:

x = 180 years.

which is of the following is the best example of kinetic energy
A. A flagpole standing in a courtyard
B. A Motorcycle Speeding up on the highway
C. A swimmer getting ready to dive into a pool
D. A Turtle sunning itself on a big rock

Answers

The answer would be B. because kinetic energy is also known as movement

The correct answer would be B) or the second option because kinetic energy is energy in motion, so its not the other choices because those are potential energy of where they just stay still and store up potential.

In mice, black coat color is dominant to white coat color. in the pedigree below, mice with a black coat are represented by darkened symbols, and those with white coats are shown as open symbols. part a using allele symbols b and b, determine the genotypes for each mouse.

Answers

Is there a picture to this?

Use your periodic table of elements. Take any element of your choosing (from period 4 or above) and answer the following questions:
( I choose silicon)
What is the element's name and symbol? Is it a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid? Which family does it belong to? How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does its neutral atom have?
Thanks!

Answers

Silicon's element name is Silicon. Silicon's symbol is "Si" Silicon is a metalloid. Silicon would belong in the Semi-Conductor's family. 14 Protons, 14 Neutrons and 14 Electrons (if the silicon element is neutral and the most common of it's atom.)

Answer:

What is the element's name and symbol?

Potassium (K)

Is it a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?

Metal.

Which family does it belong to?

19 Protons, 20 Neutrons, 19 electrons

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does its neutral atom have?

Alkali Metals

Explanation: Trust me, I'm in flvs and got full credit for this section of my 3.02 exam.

"who defined stress as, "the response of the body to any demand, whether it is caused by, or results in, pleasant or unpleasant conditions""

Answers

HANS SELYE was the one who defined stress in this way.
Hans Selye is an endocrinologist and a famous stress researcher. He was the first scientist to write about the general adaptation syndrome which he used to explain his stress model. His model put it forward that an event which threaten the well being of a living organism leads to three stage bodily response which are alarm, resistance and exhaustion stage.

A community health nurse is using the dietary reference intakes (dris) as a guide while developing an education presentation about nutrition for a community group. how will the use of the dris be helpful in developing this presentation?

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This can be used as an overall population guideline. The references can be used to make sure that everyone knows what the basic levels of nutrition should be for each group, and how each person or group can achieve those levels on a daily basis.

5. What type of molecule is represented by the model below? (2 points)

Carbohydrate
Steroid
Fat
Nucleic acid

Answers

It's a fat molecule.

Answer:

Fat

Explanation:

A fat molecule is an ester made from esterification reaction between glycerol & fatty acid.

Fatty acids have a long aliphatic chain and a terminal carboxylic acid (-COOH) group while a glycerol molecule is a 3 carbon compound with each carbon being attached to a hydroxyl (-OH) group. When carboxylic acid (-COOH) group of fatty acid reacts with hydroxyl (-OH) group of glycerol an ester is produced which is known as triglyceride and some residual water is also released in the reaction. To be more specific, in esterification reaction, - OH of hydroxyl (-OH) group of glycerol and -H of carboxylic acid (-COOH) group of fatty acid react to form ester bond between the two & release water.

Fat is a type of triglyceride. There are two types of triglycerides (1) Fats & (2) Oils.

Consider the uninoculated tube.
a. is it a positive or negative control? negative
b. what information is provided by the uninoculated control?

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The uninoculated tube is considered to be a negative control because a negative control is an effect of having to show no response. Am uninoculated control is where organisms are not being inoculated such as having a culture bacteria of not being inoculated with an organism.

Ruth has a garden in front of her house. She waters the plants every morning. After some time, the water from the plants and soil evaporate. What is the correct term used for describing this phenomenon? A.precipitation B.condensation C.soil evaporation D.evapotranspiration

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The correct answer is:
Option D: Evapotranspiration

Water is removed both from the plants and the soil. Evapotranspiration is a process by which the water is removed from plants and ground and is added back into the atmosphere. From ground, water is removed in the form of evaporation from the soil. And from plants the water is removed by transpiration. Hence the term Evapotranspiration.

Answer:

evapotranspiration

Explanation:

sociology is best defined as the study of

Answers

sociology. the science, or discipline, that studies societies, social groups, and the relationships between people, structure of societies social relationships, Humanistic Perspective, Scientific Perspective Sociological Imagination, Psychology, and Economics.

Answer:

B. Their background or traits,rather than their individual performance

Explanation:

The enzyme glucose oxidase isolated from the mold penicillium notatum catalyzes the oxidation of β-d-glucose to d-glucono-δ-lactone. this enzyme is highly specific for the β anomer of glucose and does not affect the α anomer. in spite of this specificity, the reaction catalyzed by glucose oxidase is commonly used in a clinical assay for total blood glucose –that is, for solutions consisting of a mixture of β-d-glucose and α-d-glucose. what makes it possible for this test to measure total blood glucose?

Answers

The α anomer and β anomer of glucose interconvert quickly.
or the rate of mutarotation between the α anomer and β anomer is high.

The arctic fox and gray fox evolved from the same species over thousands of years. can you place these steps in the process of allopatric speciation along the timeline?

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Allopatric speciation, also referred to as geographic speciation, is a method of the formation of new species due to isolation of the species from one another through geographic means.

The first step in this process is geographic isolation, which means that the original population is divided into two groups due to geographical reasons such as movement of continents or formation of water bodies.

Next, the species are subjected to different selection pressures due to their different environments. Eventually, the gene pool becomes very different for the two species due to the different selection pressures and because they are not allowed to mix.

Finally, after enough time passes, speciation occurs, which means that the two populations cannot breed to form fertile offspring.

The process by which plants take carbon out of the atmosphere is called cellular respiration. photosynthesis. diffusion. combustion.

Answers

Photosynthesis Plants us carbon to make their food and in return we get oxygen

Answer:

Photosynthesis

Explanation:

Plants remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through the photosynthesis process, returning only oxygen to the environment at the end of the process.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants draw their food from light energy. In order for the plant to produce the energy necessary for its survival, it absorbs carbon dioxide and uses it to produce glucose, which is a carbohydrate used as a source of energy. All carbon dioxide that is not used in this conversion ends up being degraded by the plant.

Phospholipid tails are hydrophilic and are attracted to water true or false

Answers

Answer:

False.

Explanation:

Phospholipid tails are hydrophobic, which means that they are repelled by water.

Thus, each phospholipid contains a hydrophobic portion (tails) - represented by fatty acids - and a hydrophilic portion (head) - corresponding to the phosphate group and its associated molecules. A notable fact is that, when placed in water, the phospholipid molecules can assume the shape of a sphere, known as micelle: the polar, hydrophilic portions are distributed in the periphery, while the hydrophobic tails, the tails, are in the inside the micelles away from the water.

Phospholipids are amphipatic molecules composing cell membranes. Their heads are hydrophilic, while their tails are hydrophobic. The statement phospholipid tails are hydrophilic and are attracted to water is false.

What are phospholipids?

Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules arranged in cell membranes. They have

hydrophilic heads facing the exterior and the interior of the cellshydrophobic tails that arrange against each other in the interlayer space.

In the membrane, phospholipids can easily change places with other lipids by lateral diffusion in the same layer.

They can also diffuse transversally to the other layer but not as easily as lateral diffusion.

There are also other lipidic movements as rotational diffusion that imply the rotation of the molecule.

The statement Phospholipid tails are hydrophilic and are attracted to water is false. Tails are hydrophobic and reject water.

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If you made a change in the promoter sequence in the dna that inactivates the promoter, what would happen at the rna level?

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If I made a change in the promoter sequence in the DNA that inactivates the promoter the RNA would not be made because the DNA helicase would not be able to recognize and bind the DNA.
A region of DNA that begins transcription of a particular gene is called a promoter in genetics.

A mother and father have a young daughter who was diagnosed with lesch-nyhan syndrome. no one in the father\'s family was ever diagnosed with the syndrome. the mother\'s maternal grandfather was diagnosed with lesch-nyhan syndrome, but neither one of her parents was diagnosed with the condition. select all the descriptions that could explain how their daughter inherited lesch-nyhan syndrome.

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The body is composed of several lymph nodes located in different regions. Half of the lymph nodes of the body are found in the abdomen area. The neck also contains high concentrations of lymph nodes. These are areas that have high concentrations of lymph nodes because they respond to certain levels of stress within the body when it is not in homeostasis.

Steven wants to build an ornamental fish pond in his garden. The expert at the garden center said he must get an air pump to ensure that the water is oxygenated. What is the correct term for a body of water that is devoid of oxygen? A.hypoxic B.acerbic C.anoxic D.aerobic E.eutrophic

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The answer in this question is A. hypoxic. Dead zones are low-oxygen, or hypoxic, areas in the world's oceans, and it is a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply at the tissue level. It may be classified as it affect the whole body, or local, affecting a region of the body.

In the prokaryote
b. subtilis, the rna polymerase holoenzyme binds to a set of promoters when nutrients are readily available, and to a different set of promoters under conditions of nutrient deprivation. the ability of the holoenzyme to bind different promoters under these conditions involves a switch of one subunit. remembering the functions of the rna pol holoenzyme subunits discussed in class, which subunit is most likely to enable this change in promoter binding?

Answers

The sub unit which is most likely to enable this change in promoter binding is THE SIGMA FACTOR.
The sigma factor is a protein that is needed for the initiation of RNA synthesis. It is a transcription initiation factor that is found in bacteria, it allows the specific binding of the RNA polymerase to the gene promoters.

RNA and DNA are which type of organic compound

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RNA and DNA are both types of nucleus acids. In their names long names, they both have the words “nucleic acid” in them. Nucleic acids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

Nucleic acids are polymeres composed of several monomers known as nucleotides. RNA and DNA are Nucleic Acids. Option C

What are nucleic acids?

Nucleic acids are large molecules composed of monomers named nucleotides attached to each other by covalent bonds.

These polymers are DNA and RNA, and their nucleotides are composed of nitrogenated bases, sugar groups, and phosphate groups.

DNA and RNA vary in

nitrogenated bases (DNA is composed of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine. RNA is composed of adenine, uracyl, guanine, and cytosine)sugar (DNA sugar is a deoxyribose. RNA sugar is a ribose)

RNA and DNA are Nucleic Acids.

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Complete question

RNA and DNA are which type of organic compound

a) carbohydrate

b) lipid

c) nucleic acid

d) protein

What is the serosa?
A. The outermost of the two middle layers of the wall of the GI tract
B. The outer layer of the wall of the GI tract
C. The innermost of the two middle layers of the wall of the GI tract
D. The inner layer of the wall of the GI tract

Answers

The correct option is A.
The serosa refers to the outermost layer of loose connective tissues which is often covered by mucus and which contains blood vessels. In the gastrol intestinal tract, the serosa refers to the outermost layer of the wall of the GI tract. One major function of serosa is to reduce friction from muscle movement.

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