The temperature of the air above Earth's surface is mainly increased through convection, where warm air becomes less dense and rises, getting replaced by cooler air in a cycle. Conduction is inefficient over large distances, and radiation also contributes to heat transfer in the environment.
Explanation:Conduction is the process where heat is transferred through direct contact between materials, but conduction alone is not very efficient for warming the air above Earth's surface over large distances or in short times. Instead, the increase in air temperature is largely due to convection. This process involves the movement of warm air upward as it becomes less dense when heated, creating buoyant forces. As the warmer air rises, it is replaced by cooler air from surrounding areas, which then gets heated by the Earth's surface. In this way, convection creates a cycle that effectively distributes heat throughout the atmosphere.
Another form of heat transfer that plays a role in the earth's atmosphere and engine cooling is radiation. Radiation is the emission of energy as electromagnetic waves, which can transfer heat without the need for a medium. This is why we experience warmth from the sun even though there is a vacuum of space between the Earth and the sun.
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Conduction is less efficient for warming the atmosphere and is surpassed by convection, where warm air rises due to decreased density as it heats, creating a cycle that distributes heat in the atmosphere.
Explanation:Conduction can increase the temperature of the air above Earth's surface through the process where heat is transferred through the direct contact of atoms and molecules. However, it is relatively inefficient for heating the atmosphere significantly because conduction is not effective over large distances and short time frames. Instead, the warming of the air is primarily the result of convection currents: warm air heated at the surface expands, becomes less dense, and rises, being replaced by cooler air that gets heated in turn. This creates a circulation pattern that helps distribute heat. It is due to the natural convection driven by buoyant forces that large-scale atmospheric circulation and ocean currents transfer heat around the globe, NOT primarily through conduction.
The reactiveness of nonmetals depends on the atom's ability to what?
The ability of an atom to GAIN
Suppose you wanted to calculate the heat of reaction for the formation of ammonia gas and gaseous hydrochloric acid from solid ammonium chloride.
a. Write a balanced equation for this reaction.
Answer:
Above is correct, but the heat of reaction is 176.18 J/mol
Explanation:
what is the mass of 5 moles of Fe203?
To find the mass of 5 moles of Fe₂O₃, multiply its molar mass (159.70 g/mol) by 5, resulting in 798.5 grams. This calculation uses the molar mass of the elements iron and oxygen.
To find the mass of 5 moles of Fe₂O₃, we need to use the molar mass of the compound. Fe₂O₃ has the following molar mass:
Fe: 55.85 g/mol
O: 16.00 g/mol
Since there are 2 iron atoms and 3 oxygen atoms in Fe₂O₃, the calculation is:
2 × 55.85 g/mol + 3 × 16.00 g/mol = 159.70 g/mol
Now, multiply the molar mass by the number of moles:
159.70 g/mol × 5 mol = 798.5 g
Therefore, the mass of 5 moles of Fe₂O₃ is 798.5 grams.
Sort these elements into pairs that would most likely exhibit similar chemical properties.
Te,K,Kr,Li,Ne,S
The following pairs of elements would most likely exhibit similar properties:
Tellurium (Te) and Sulfur (S)Potassium (K) and Lithium (Li)Neon (Ne) and Krypton (Kr)Further ExplanationThe chemical properties and behavior of elements are determined by the their valence electrons. Elements with the same number of valence electrons will exhibit similar chemical properties.
The number of valence electrons can be determined easily from the periodic table. In the periodic table the elements are arranged in columns and rows. Columns are called the groups and the rows are the periods. From left to right, each group is numbered from 1 to 18. The group number gives information about number of valence electrons of the element:
Group 1 - 1 valence electronGroup 2 - 2 valence electronsGroup 13 - 3 valence electronsGroup 14 - 4 valence electronsGroup 15 - 5 valence electronsGroup 16 - 6 valence electronsGroup 17 - 7 valence electronsGroup 18 - 8 valence electronsElements that belong to the same group have similar chemical properties.
Potassium and Lithium are both Group 1 element and have one valence electron. They are both very reactive with water. They form an alkaline solution with water.
Neon and Krypton are both Group 18 or Noble Gases. Both elements have filled valence shells with eight electrons and are very stable and quite unreactive.
LEARN MOREPeriodic Trends https://brainly.com/question/2153804Periodic Table https://brainly.com/question/1446926Keywords: chemical properties, groups,
calculate the frequency of red light with a wavelength of 6.50x10^-7
What element behaves MOST like magnesium
between Si, S, Sr, Sn
Answer
SrExplanation
In periodic table, the elements have almost same properties are present in the same group. As Mg and Sr are present in group II-A, so both behave most likely to each other due to having same valence shell electrons as well.Si and Sn are present in group IV-A which have same behavior but different one from Mg due to different groups.S is present in group VI-A which show different properties from all others one especially from Mg.Which coefficients balance the following equation __ N2+___H2--->___NH3
Which of the following elements would be the least likely to form a cation if involved in a chemical reaction?
chlorine (Cl)
potassium (K)
nitrogen (N)
fluorine (F)
Answer:
Fluorine (F) would be least likely to form a cation
Explanation:
A cation is a positively charged atom (or molecule) which has lost electron (or electrons). Electropositive elements show a greater propensity to lose electrons and form cations. These are usually metals that are present on the left of the periodic table.
Electropositivity or the tendency to lose electrons and form cations increases on going down a group and decreases across a period. In the given examples:
Potassium, K is an alkali metal and will lose electrons readily to form a cation
Nitrogen (N), Fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl) are all non metals which prefer to accept electrons and form anions instead. Among the three, F is the most electronegative i.e. it will prefer to accept electrons and form F- rather than F+.
Francium has the largest atomic radius. Why might this be?
A. The highest number of protons for the least number of electrons and neutrons.
B. The highest number of energy levels and the least nuclear pull.
C. The lower ability to gain or lose electrons resulting in fewer ions forming.
D. The highest number of energy levels most nuclear pull.
Francium has the largest atomic radius due to having the highest number of energy levels and the least nuclear pull.
Explanation:The correct answer is B. Francium has the largest atomic radius because it has the highest number of energy levels and the least nuclear pull. The atomic radius refers to the size of an atom, which is determined by the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron shell.
Francium has the highest number of energy levels, which means the electrons are located farther from the nucleus, resulting in a larger atomic radius. Additionally, francium has the least nuclear pull, meaning the positive charge of the nucleus has less of an attraction on the outermost electrons, allowing them to spread out more.
Learn more about Francium atomic radius here:https://brainly.com/question/31977967
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if you double the mass of an object what happen to the acceleration?
A 24-gram sample of a radioactive nuclide decayed to 3.0 grams of the nuclide in 36 minutes. How much of the original nuclide sample remained after the first 12 minutes?
What compound name belongs in box(1) in Figure 3? What type of bond belongs in box (3) in Figure 3?
Answer:
Box 1 = Sodium Chloride
Box 3 = Covalent Bond
Explanation:
Naming NaCl:
Ionic compounds are named as;
i) The positive specie is named first.
ii) The negative specie is named after.
Example: In NaCl, Sodium is the positive cation i.e. Na⁺ hence, it is named first followed by the name of negative anion which is Cl⁻ (chloride). Therefore, the name given to NaCl is Sodium Chloride.
Covalent Bond:
This type of bond is formed between atoms by mutually sharing their valence electrons. The type of bond depends upon the electronegativity difference between the atoms. If the electronegativeity difference is greater than the bond will be polar covalent bond or if the difference is small than the bond will be non polar colvalent bond.
Milk of magnesia is _____.
an acid
a base
a neutral
Final answer:
Milk of magnesia is a base with a pH greater than 7, specifically around 10.5, making it effective as an antacid. It contrasts with neutral substances, like water, and acidic substances, like wine.
Explanation:
Milk of magnesia is a base. This determination is based on its pH level, which is greater than 7. Specifically, milk of magnesia, which is largely comprised of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2), has a pH of approximately 10.5. This high pH level classifies it as a basic substance, meaning it has properties that counteract acids. This characteristic is why milk of magnesia is commonly used as an antacid to neutralize stomach acid and alleviate symptoms of indigestion and heartburn.
In comparison, substances with a pH of 7, such as pure water, are considered neutral, neither acidic nor basic. Substances like wine, with a pH less than 7, are classified as acidic. Understanding the pH scale and the properties of acids and bases is essential in chemistry and various practical applications, including medicine and nutrition.
The noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, and Radon. What property do these elements share? ...?
Answer:
They are normally unreactive with other elements.
Explanation:
Study island :)
When a given reaction is conducted in a calorimeter, energy is absorbed from the surrounding water that results in a decrease in the water’s temperature. Which of the following potential energy diagrams best illustrates the energy change of this dissolving process?
Answer: Option (a) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Since, it is given that energy is absorbed by the water molecules resulting in a decrease in water's temperature, that is, there will also be a decrease in the energy of molecules.
As a result, molecules will come closer to each other. This means that the diagram (a) best illustrates the energy change of this dissolving process.
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
The energy is absorbed by the water, it means that the system is losing heat, so, the difference of energy must be negative, the initial energy must be higher than the final energy.
For the reaction happens, the reactants must gain energy to overtake the activation energy, and for that, the reaction can occur.
Only letter A represents a system that the final energy is higher than the initial, and the system gains energy at the beginning.
Examine the equation.
CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + __H2O
In order to balance the equation, what coefficient must be placed in front of H2O?
2
4
1
3
Answer:
[tex]\huge \boxed{\mathrm{2}}[/tex]
[tex]\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]
Explanation:
[tex]\sf CH_4+ O_2 \Rightarrow CO_2 + H_2O[/tex]
Balancing the Hydrogen atoms on the right side,
[tex]\sf CH_4+ O_2 \Rightarrow CO_2 +2 H_2O[/tex]
Balancing the Oxygen atoms on the left side,
[tex]\sf CH_4+ 2O_2 \Rightarrow CO_2 +2 H_2O[/tex]
[tex]\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]
How is the evidence from a fire scene collected? What should be avoided?
Answer:
Explanation:
In fire and arson cases evidences like volatile fuel in the sediment debris can be collected. The debris should be collected in an air-tight container like tin or paint box and bottles so as to prevent the evaporation of the fuel. The type of fuel used for setting up the fire is an important evidence.
Plastic bags should not be used because the plastic can react with the fuel components and may react with the fuel components in debris and the evidence will become futile.
The heating curve below shows the temperature change that occurs as a solid is heated. What is occurring at segment DE of the graph?
Melting
freezing
boiling
An unknown compound contains only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CxHyOz). Combustion of 2.50g of this compound produced 3.67g of carbon dioxide and 1.50g of water.
How many moles of carbon, C, were in the original sample?
Final answer:
To find the moles of carbon in the original unknown compound, we use the mass of the carbon dioxide produced from combustion, and divide by its molar mass. This gives us the moles of carbon dioxide, which are equivalent to the moles of carbon in the sample, resulting in 0.0834 mol of carbon.
Explanation:
To determine how many moles of carbon, C, were in the original 2.50g sample of an unknown compound after combustion, we need to use the mass of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced. Every mole of CO2 contains one mole of C, so the moles of C are equal to the moles of CO2.
First, calculate the moles of CO2 using its molar mass:
Moles of CO2 = mass of CO2 / molar mass of CO2
Molar mass of CO2 is approximately 44.01 g/mol
Moles of CO2 = 3.67 g / 44.01 g/mol = 0.0834 mol
Since each mole of CO2 represents one mole of carbon, the moles of carbon in the original compound is also 0.0834 mol.
7.The _____ theory of matter states that all particles of matter are in constant motion.
(Fill in the blank)
The kinetic theory of matter states that all particles of matter are in constant motion.
The following are the postulates of kinetic theory of gases:
1. The particles of gases are in constant and random motion. Due to this motion, they collide with each other and walls of the container.
2. The particles of gases have point mass and zero volume.
3. The particles of gases have no such attraction or repulsion between them.
4. The kinetic energy with which the particles are moving is directly proportional to temperature. A temperature increases, kinetic energy also increases, and particles collide each other more frequently.
5. The particle of gases at given temperature have same kinetic energy.
what property do atoms of these elements have that helps make the molecules polar
As the concentration of a given salt solution increases, the conductivity of the solution:
a) increases
b) no way to predict
c) remains the same
d) increases then decreases
decreases ...?
Answer: Option (a) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Conductivity of a solution depends number of ions present in the solution. As these ions move from one place to another and thus there will be easily flow of current.
So, when there is increase in concentration then it means there are moer number of ions present into the solution.
Thus, conductivity will also increase due to increase in concentration of salt solution.
All matter has mass and takes up space.
True
False
The heat of fusion for water at its normal freezing or melting temperature is L=333 kJ/kg. How much water remains unfrozen after 50.2 kJ is transferred as heat from 260 g of liquid water initially at its freezing point? ...?
A molecule that can be used as a molecular clock has a neutral mutation rate of one mutation per 5 million years. How many years ago did two species share a common ancestor if the molecules found in these two species differ by a total of eight mutations?
Answer
1.5 million years
10 million years
20 million years
40 million years
...?
The two species diverged from a common ancestor approximately 40 million years ago, calculated by multiplying the total number of mutations (eight) by the mutation rate (one mutation per 5 million years).
Explanation:To estimate the time two species shared a common ancestor using a molecular clock, one must know the mutation rate and the number of mutations that have accumulated in both species since they diverged from a common ancestor. In the given problem, the molecule has a neutral mutation rate of one mutation per 5 million years. If the molecules in the two species differ by a total of eight mutations, the time since the common ancestor can be estimated by multiplying the number of mutations by the rate of mutation. Therefore, 8 mutations imes 5 million years per mutation equals 40 million years ago.
Renewable fuels derived from biological matter are called:
A: alternative energy
B: challenges to green design
C: fossil fuels
D: biofuels
Answer: Renewable fuels derived from biological matter are called biofuels.
Explanation:
Bio fuels are the fuels which are derived from plants, algae or from the waste of animals. Unlike fossil fuels they are produced from renewable resources which can be replenished again and again.
For example; ethanol from corns and sugarcane, green diesel from algae etc.
Helium is used in balloons because it is
a. reactive with rubber.
b. lighter than air.
c. flammable.
d. a colored gas
Final answer:
Helium is used in balloons because it is lighter than air and safely floats due to its low density and nonreactive, nonflammable properties. So the correct option is b.
Explanation:
Helium is used in balloons because it is lighter than air. This is due to helium's much lower density and atomic mass compared to the average molar mass of air. Helium's atomic mass is approximately 4.00 g/mol, while air has an average molar mass of about 29 g/mol. Hence, when a balloon is filled with helium, it floats. Another critical property of helium that makes it the gas of choice for balloons is its nonreactivity. Helium is chemically non-reactive and nonflammable, which contrasts with hydrogen, another light gas that is, however, highly flammable. This property of helium makes it safe for use in various applications like balloons, airships, and blimps. Furthermore, in environments where there is a high risk of fire or explosion, such as in welding, helium serves as an inert protective atmosphere. Finally, for deep-sea divers who operate under high pressure, a mixture of oxygen and helium is essential to avoid nitrogen narcosis, commonly known as the “rapture of the deep”.
If approximately equal volumes of an acid and a base of equal strengths are combined, the resulting solution should have a pH of _____.
Answer : The resulting solution will have a pH of 7.
Explanation:
Whenever acid and base reacts with each other to form water molecule is called Neutralization reaction. This water molecules is formed from the hydronium ion ([tex]H^+[/tex]) from acid and hydroxide ion([tex]OH^-[/tex]) from base.
When the equal volumes of acid and base of equal strength are combined, the resulting pH of the solution becomes 7.
The pH 7 value means that the solution is neutral.
In the late 1890s, what objection might have been raised about Becquerel’s claim that the uranium salt crystals had emitted something that exposed the photographic film?
There was no apparent source for the uranium salts’ energy.
Film only becomes exposed in response to light.
Both the crystals and the film had been exposed to sunlight during the experiment.
The crystals began to phosphoresce in the drawer and release X-rays.
A- There was no apparent source for the uranium salts' energy (just took the edg test)
Answer:
The correct answer is "There was no apparent source for the uranium salts’ energy."
Explanation:
Becquerel while working on X-rays accidentally discovered radioactivity. While working with uranium salts he observed that it emitted penetrating radiation that exposed photographic film. His contemporaries did not know radioactivity and hence they believed that there was no apparent source for the uranium salts’ energy.
Kumar is producing the photoelectric effect by using red light. He wants to increase the energy of emitted electrons. Based on the research of Albert Einstein, what is the best way for him to do this?
Explanation:
Photoelectric effect: Electrons are ejected out from the surface of metal when light of sufficient frequency falls upon shiny surface of metals. light is made up small bundles of energy packets named photons which when falls on surface transfer their energy to electrons due which electrons ejects out of the metallic surface. The energy for one photon was given by expression:
E=h[tex]\nu[/tex], or [tex]E\propto \nu[/tex]
h=Planck's constant, [tex]\nu[/tex]= frequency of the light
Kumar can increase the energy of emitted electron by using light with higher value of frequency than the frequency of red light. This is because the energy carried by the photon of a light is directly proportional to the frequency of the light. Higher the value of frequency of light higher will be the value of energy of a photon. And photon with higher energy will impart more amount of energy to an electron while ejection.