which are two serous membranes of pericardium?
Final answer:
The two serous membranes of the pericardium are the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium (epicardium). These layers form the fluid-filled pericardial cavity, minimizing friction during heart contractions.
Explanation:
The two serous membranes of the pericardium are the parietal pericardium and the visceral pericardium, also known as the epicardium. These two layers form a fluid-filled space, which is the pericardial cavity. The parietal pericardium is fused to the fibrous pericardium, providing a protective enclosure for the heart, while the visceral pericardium directly covers the heart muscle and secretes serous fluid.
This structure can be likened to an underinflated balloon enveloping a fist, where the two layers of the balloon represent the serous membrane layers of the pericardium, illustrating how they encapsulate the heart. The serous fluid within the cavity allows the heart to contract with minimal friction, reducing the potential for inflammation and damage that could occur from the movement of the heart.
The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest contour lines on a topographical map is called
Describe the flow of blood in the human body, including through each of the four chambers of the heart. explain how the blood changes as it moves through various locations in the body.
PLEASE HELP ASAP, WHOEVER HAS THE BEST ANSWER WILL BE MARKED AS THE BRAINIEST ANSWER.
Answer:
Deoxygenated blood comes from lungs to the heart and goes through the pulmonary veins.Then it goes to the left atrium and through the bicuspid or mitral valve to the left ventricle. Then it goes to the aortic valve and to the aorta. Through the side aorta to the rest of the body.Then it comes back from the body and comes to the superior and inferior vana cava. Now it goes to the right atrium through the tricuspid valve.Then it goes back to the left ventricle, and then it goes through the polmonary valve to the to the lungs. And this repeats itself
Explanation:
Which of the following is true of receptors for dynamic equilibrium?
The receptors for dynamic equilibrium are called maculae.
The receptors for dynamic equilibrium are not stimulated by head movement.
The receptors for dynamic equilibrium are located in the vestibule of the ear.
The receptors for dynamic equilibrium respond to rotational forces.
The receptors for dynamic equilibrium are located in the vestibule of the ear.
Explanation:The correct option is: The receptors for dynamic equilibrium are located in the vestibule of the ear. The receptors for dynamic equilibrium are called cristae ampullaris, not maculae. These receptors are stimulated by head movement as they detect changes in rotational forces. Maculae, instead, are the receptors for static equilibrium.
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The receptors for dynamic equilibrium are located in the semicircular canals of the inner ear and respond to rotational forces, not to be confused with the maculae in the utricle and saccule which detect linear accelerations and tilts.
The receptors for dynamic equilibrium respond to rotational forces and are stimulated by head movement. These receptors are located in the semicircular canals of the inner ear. The utricle and saccule within the vestibule sense linear accelerations and head tilts due to gravity, but it is the semicircular canals that specifically sense rotational movements, such as when turning the head from side to side.
what's the difference between a cdc molecule and a CDK molecule?
What antibiotic would be best to treat a pus-forming wound? Why?
place the cytokinesis events into the correct category of organism in which the events occurs
Cytokinesis in animals -> [Cleavage furrow, Both daughter cells]
Cytokinesis in plants -> [Cell plate, cell wall, Mitosis thingy]
Further explanationCytokinesis is the process of division of cytoplasm at the end of the cell division cycle; both in mitosis or meiosis. Cytokinesis begins in the early stages of mitosis, anaphase and ends in telophase. There are special features of cytokinesis depending on the type of cells, such as prokaryotes, animals or plants.
Cytokinesis in Animal Cells
In animal cells, cytokinesis begins with the cleavage pathway that occurs right on the cell surface in the equatorial region. On the cell surface, there are contractile rings formed from actin microfilaments and myosin that contract. The contraction continues until the stem cells are pinched and split into two completely separate daughter cells.
Cytokinesis in Plant Cells
Cytokinesis in plant cells is significantly different from animal cells due to the presence of semi-rigid cell walls (consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, etc).
Therefore, separation by contractile ring formation is not possible in plant cells. Plant cells produce structures called cell plates, new cell walls from inside to outside cells.
A structure known as a preprophase fiber is an actin filament ring formed during the G2 phase initially determining the cell plate position and direction.
The formation of cell plates begins at anaphase and is guided by a structure called phragmoplast, a collection of microtubules from the mitotic spindle at the center of the cell.
Small vesicles containing polysaccharides and glycoproteins needed for the formation of new cell walls are transported through microtubules to the phragmoplast. Vesicles combine to form plates.
This initial cell plate grows by fusion of vesicles until it reaches the original cell wall to form two separate cells from the cell membrane and middle lamella.
Finally, cellulose microfibrils are accumulated in the matrix of the cell plate to form primary cell walls.
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Class: College
Subject: Biology
Keywords: cytokinesis process in animals and plants.
people build roads in new areas. how does this activity affect the living things in that environment?
Briefly describe why the development of the microscope was important in biology.
which of the following are included in the binomial name given to an organism?
a. Kingdom, Family
b. Species, Family
c. Order, Genus
d. Genus, Species
Answer: Binomial name consists of two words. The first words shows the Genus of the organism and the second word shows the species of the organism.
Explanation:
The binomial nomenclature given by the Linnaeus represent the genus and species of the organism. The scientific nomenclature of the plants and animals use genus as the first name of the organism and species as the second name of the organism.
Example: Humans are named as Homo sapiens, in which the genus is Homo and the species is sapiens.
caracteristica classificada como impacto espacial
The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis are located in the
A) mitochondria
B) cytoplasm of the cell
C) stroma of the chloroplast
D) thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast
E) all of the above
The pigments involved in photosynthesis are located in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, which is where the light-dependent reactions take place.
Explanation:The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis, such as chlorophyll, are located in the D) thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. Within these membranes, chlorophyll and other pigments absorb light energy, which is essential for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. The thylakoids are disc-shaped structures stacked into grana, and these are where the initial steps of photosynthesis occur.
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Where does subduction occur?
A. along the middle of some ocean floors
B. down the middle of mountain ranges
C. on continents
D. at deep-ocean treanches
Which of the following is NOT one of the four main features of innate immune function?
a. antimicrobial chemicals
b. physical barriers
c. phagocytes
d. antibodies
e. inflammation
Antibodies are not part of the innate immune system; they are specific to the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system features include physical barriers, antimicrobial chemicals, phagocytes, and inflammation.
Explanation:An important aspect of understanding the immune system is distinguishing between the innate and adaptive immune responses. The innate immune system is our first line of defense and includes features such as physical barriers (like the skin and mucous membranes), antimicrobial chemicals (such as enzymes in sweat and saliva), phagocytes (like neutrophils and macrophages), and inflammation. These components work continuously to protect against a broad range of pathogens.
On the other hand, antibodies are not a feature of the innate immune system; they are produced by the adaptive immune system in response to specific pathogens. Hence, when asked which of the following is NOT one of the four main features of innate immune function, the correct answer is (d) antibodies.
Final answer:
Antibodies are not a feature of the innate immune system but are part of the adaptive immune system. The innate immune system includes physical barriers, chemical barriers, phagocytes, and inflammation.
Explanation:
The question pertains to the four main features of innate immune function. Among the options provided, the one that is NOT a feature of the innate immune system but rather part of the adaptive immune system is d. antibodies. The innate immune system's features include physical barriers (like skin and mucous membranes), chemical barriers (like enzymes in sweat and saliva), phagocytes (such as neutrophils and macrophages), and inflammation. Antibodies, however, are produced by the body in response to specific pathogens and are part of the adaptive immune response, which tailors its attack to specific pathogens encountered by the immune system.
How are turtles and fish alike?
How are they different?
The earliest evidence for humans in australia dates back to ________ years ago.
If eight alleles exist in a population, what is the maximum number of copies an unaffected individual is expected to have?
the maximum number of copies an unaffected individual is expected to have is two, reflecting the diploid nature of organisms and the fact that they inherit one allele from each parent for a given gene.
What is the maximum number of copies an unaffected individual is expected to have?
In a diploid organism, an individual carries two alleles for each gene, one inherited from each parent. Therefore, the maximum number of copies of alleles that an unaffected individual is expected to have is two.
Diploid Organism: Humans and many other organisms are diploid, meaning they have two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent). This includes two copies of each gene.
Alleles: Alleles are different versions of a gene that can occupy the same position (locus) on a chromosome. For any given gene, an individual inherits one allele from each parent.
For example, if a gene for eye color has alleles "B" and "b," an individual might inherit "B" from one parent and "b" from the other.
Number of Alleles in a Population: The question mentions that there are eight alleles in the population. This means that, for a particular gene, there are eight different variations or versions (alleles) present in the entire group of individuals.
Number of Copies in an Unaffected Individual: Since an individual is diploid, they have two copies of each gene. Therefore, for a gene with eight alleles in the population, an unaffected individual is expected to have a maximum of two copies.
Which of the following is the first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes?
A) base pairing of activated methionine-tRNA to AUG of the messenger RNA
B) binding of the larger ribosomal subunit to smaller ribosomal subunits
C) covalent bonding between the first two amino acids
D) the small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the cap of mRNA
In eukaryotic translation, the initial event is the recognition and attachment of the small ribosomal subunit to the cap of the mRNA molecule.
Explanation:The first event to take place in translation in eukaryotes is D) the small subunit of the ribosome recognizes and attaches to the cap of mRNA. In the process of translation, information from mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids to form a protein. This process begins when the small subunit of the ribosome, a molecular machine that facilitates the formation of protein, recognizes and bonds to a cap structure at the end of the mRNA molecule. This forms a sort of 'starting point' at which the translation process can begin.
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answer me please, for agrobacterium selection how much concentration of streptomysin antibiotic is need?
Which of the following is true of embryonic stem cells but not of adult stem cells?
A) They can differentiate into many cell types.
B) They make up the majority of cells of the tissue from which they are derived.
C) They can continue to replicate for an indefinite period.
D) They can provide enormous amounts of information about the process of gene regulation.
E) One aim of using them is to provide cells for repair of diseased tissue.
The true statement is they can differentiate into many cell types. The Option A.
How are embryonic stem cells distinct from adult stem cells?Embryonic stem cells possess the remarkable ability to differentiate into various cell types. This means they can give rise to cells of different lineages, such as neurons, muscle cells, and blood cells, among others.
This differentiating capacity is a unique characteristic of embryonic stem cells and sets them apart from adult stem cells. Adult stem cells, on the other hand, are generally more limited in their differentiation potential and tend to generate cells specific to the tissue from which they originate. Therefore, the Option A is correct.
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Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and can differentiate into many cell types, unlike adult stem cells which are multipotent and have more limited differentiation potential.
Explanation:The true statement about embryonic stem cells that does not apply to adult stem cells is that they can differentiate into many cell types. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning they can give rise to almost any cell type in the body, which is a characteristic that adult stem cells, being multipotent, do not possess. While multipotent adult stem cells are limited to differentiating into a range of cell types within a specific tissue or organ, embryonic stem cells have the ability to form all cell types found in an organism and are therefore more versatile in the field of regenerative medicine.
Which eats only plant foods
Three main levels of neural integration operate in the somatosensory system. Which level involves the spinal cord?
perceptual level
receptor level
integrative level
circuit level
During the process of ____________ reproductive cells merge and create a new individual with the proper human genome of 46 chromosomes
Explain why vision is lost when it hits the blind spot.
Without finding the exact sum, tell whether 5/12 + 1/2 is less than 1, greater than 1, or equal to 1.
What helps wilted plants become firm during osmosis
Final answer:
Wilted plants regain firmness through osmosis, which restores turgor pressure when water enters the cells, counteracting plasmolysis and providing structural support.
Explanation:
During osmosis, wilted plants become firm as water is absorbed into the plant cells, increasing turgor pressure. This pressure stiffens the cell walls and enables the plant to stand upright. In a dehydrated plant, the extracellular fluid becomes hypertonic, causing water to leave the plant cells and resulting in wilting. When the plant is watered, the environment becomes hypotonic, water enters the cells due to the slightly hypertonic nature of the cytoplasm, and turgor pressure is restored. Nonwoody plants rely on this turgor pressure for structural support. If a plant remains without water for too long, plasmolysis can occur, where the cell membrane detaches from the non-flexible cell wall as water leaves, exacerbating the wilting condition. Providing adequate water to the plant will reverse plasmolysis, restore turgor pressure, and return the plant to a firmer state.
what has the study of fossils allowed scientists to do
The study of fossils has enabled scientists to build a historical record of life on Earth, determine the age of rock layers, and advance our understanding of evolutionary biology.
Explanation:The study of fossils has allowed scientists to do a number of significant things. First, fossils provide a historical record of life on Earth, helping us understand what kinds of organisms have existed, how they lived, and how they evolved over time. This is because fossils are basically the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms.
Secondly, by studying fossils, scientists are able to determine the age of rock layers. This helps build the field of stratigraphy, which is crucial in understanding Earth's geological history. By understanding the sequence of rock layers and the fossils found within them, scientists can piece together a chronological narrative of Earth's biological and geological history.
Finally, the study of fossils has advanced our understanding of evolutionary biology. Fossils reveal patterns of evolution, such as gradual changes over time, or sudden changes due to major ecological events. These patterns help scientists develop and refine theories about how life changes through time.
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A single cell undergoes Mitosis every 20 minutes. How many cells will be present after 2 hours?
After 120 minutes, 64 cells will be present.
What is Mitosis?Mitosis may be defined as a type of cell division through which two daughter cells are formed from a parental cell.
The time taken by a cell to complete mitosis = 20 minutes.
It means two cells are formed after 20 minutes.
Total duration = 2 hours = 120 minutes.
∴ Number of cells fomed after 120 minutes = 2×2×2×2×2×2 = 64 cells.
Therefore, after 120 minutes, 64 cells will be present.
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Which of these pairs identifies two steps directly involved in making a protein? A. mutation, replication B. transcription, translation C. replication, translation D. transcription, replication
Protein synthesis involves two main steps: transcription and translation, occurring in different cellular locations. The correct pair of steps directly involved in making a protein is transcription and translation.
Transcription is the first step in making a protein where the gene (DNA) is copied onto RNA. The RNA copy, known as messenger RNA (mRNA), then leaves the nucleus.
Translation is the second step, occurring in the ribosomes, where transfer RNA (tRNA) reads the mRNA and adds complementary amino acids to the growing protein chain.
Therefore, the correct pair that identifies two steps directly involved in making a protein is transcription, translation (option B).
What is the most likely explanation for this similarity between organisms in madagascar, india, and australia?