Determine the number of 3s electrons in na.

At that particular moment, the rate of appearance of NO₂ is 3.60 mol/min.

To determine the rate of appearance of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) when dinitrogen pentoxide (N₂O₅) is decomposing, we can use the stoichiometry provided by the balanced chemical reaction:

[tex]2 \text{N}_2\text{O}_5 (g) \rightarrow 4 \text{NO}_2 (g) + \text{O}_2 (g)[/tex]

From this balanced equation, we observe the following molar ratios:

For every 2 moles of N₂O₅ that decompose, 4 moles of NO₂ are produced.

Therefore, the ratio of the change in concentration of N₂O₅ to the change in concentration of NO₂ is given by:

[tex]\frac{-\Delta [\text{N}_2\text{O}_5]}{2} = \frac{\Delta [\text{NO}_2]}{4}[/tex]

This can be rearranged to express the rate of formation of NO₂ based on the rate of disappearance of N₂O₅. Let's define the rate of disappearance of N₂O₅ as [tex]-\frac{d[\text{N}_2\text{O}_5]}{dt}[/tex].

Given:

According to the stoichiometry of the reaction, we have:

[tex]\frac{\Delta [\text{NO}_2]}{dt} \\= -\frac{4}{2} \times \frac{d[\text{N}_2\text{O}_5]}{dt} \\= 2 \times \frac{d[\text{N}_2\text{O}_5]}{dt}[/tex]

With the values plugged in:

[tex]\frac{d[\text{NO}_2]}{dt} = 2 \times (1.80 \text{ mol/min})[/tex]
[tex]\frac{d[\text{NO}_2]}{dt} = 3.60 \text{ mol/min}[/tex]

Final answer:

The percent yield is calculated by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield and multiplying by 100. For the reaction with a theoretical yield of 75.0 grams and an actual yield of 42.0 grams, the percent yield is 56.0%.

Explanation:

To calculate the percent yield of a chemical reaction, you will need to divide the actual yield by the theoretical yield and then multiply the result by 100 to get a percentage. For the given reaction, if the theoretical yield is 75.0 grams and the actual yield is 42.0 grams, the percent yield can be calculated as follows:

Percent Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) × 100

Percent Yield = (42.0g / 75.0g) × 100

Percent Yield = 0.56 × 100

Percent Yield = 56.0%

Therefore, the correct answer from the options provided is 56.0%.

There are approximately 2.08 x 10^25 hydrogen atoms in 5.20 mol of ammonium sulfide.

To determine the number of hydrogen atoms in 5.20 mol of ammonium sulfide (NH4)2S, we need to consider the molar ratio of hydrogen atoms to moles of ammonium sulfide. In the formula NH4)2S, there are 8 hydrogen atoms per 1 molecule. To find the number of hydrogen atoms, multiply the number of moles of ammonium sulfide by the Avogadro's number (6.022 x 1023 atoms/mol) and then multiply by the number of hydrogen atoms per molecule. So, the number of hydrogen atoms in 5.20 mol of ammonium sulfide is:
5.20 mol x 6.022 x 1023 atoms/mol x 8 atoms = 2.08 x 1025 hydrogen atoms.

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In [tex]5.20[/tex] moles of ammonium sulfide, there are approximately  [tex]2.51 x 10^{25[/tex] hydrogen atoms.

To determine the number of hydrogen atoms in [tex]5.20[/tex] moles of ammonium sulfide [tex](\text{NH}_4)_2\text{S}[/tex], we must comprehend the compound's makeup.

This indicates it contains two ammonium ions [tex]\text{(NH}_4^+)[/tex] and one sulfide ion ([tex]\text{S}^{2-}[/tex]).

Since there are two ammonium ions in each formula unit of ammonium sulfide, there are a total of 8 hydrogen atoms per formula unit of [tex](\text{NH}_4)_2\text{S}[/tex].

Each mole of[tex](\text{NH}_4)_2\text{S}[/tex] contains Avogadro's number ([tex]6.022 \times 10^{23[/tex]) of formula units.

Thus, [tex]5.20[/tex] moles of [tex](\text{NH}_4)_2\text{S}[/tex] contain:
[tex](5.20 \, \text{moles}) \times (6.022 \times 10^{23} \, \text{formula units/mole}) = 3.13144 \times 10^{24} \, \text{formula units}[/tex]

528.2 kJ heat is required to raise the temperature of 475 grams of solid aluminum from room temperature (295k) to liquid aluminum at 1050k.

Heat is the result of the movement of kinetic energy within a material or an item, or from an energy source to a material or an object. Radiation, conduction, and convection are the three mechanisms through which such energy can be transferred.

Heat is the quantity of energy that is transferred from one structure to its surrounds as a result of a change in temperature. Heat is the transfer of kinetic energy between one media or item and another, or from an energy source to a medium or object.

The total amount of heat required

∑q = q1 + q2 + q3

q1 = mCΔT

= 475 g x 0.902 J/g-oC x ( 933.47 - 295 ) K

= 273,552.47J

= 273 kJ    

ΔT =  ( 933.47 - 295 ) K

= 638.47 K  

ΔT = ( 933.47 K -273) - (295 K - 273)

= 638.47°C

For ΔT temperature in K is same as in °C

q2 = mol ΔHf  

mol = 475 g x 1 mol /27g

= 17.6 mol    

q2 = mol ΔHf = 17.6 mol x 10.79 kJ/mol

= 189.9 kJ

q3 = mCΔT

= 0.475 kg x 1.18 kJ/kg-oC (1050 - 933.47)K

= 65.3 kJ

∑q = q1 + q2 + q3

= 273 + 189.9 + 65.3

= 528.2 kJ

Thus,528.2 kJ heat is required to raise the temperature of 475 grams of solid aluminum from room temperature (295k) to liquid aluminum at 1050k.

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The outer electron configurations for alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, and noble gases are described. Examples are given for each group of elements.

The outer electron configurations for:

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The atomic radius of the elements can be ranked as Na (Sodium) > Al (Aluminum) > Si (Silicon) > S (Sulfur) > Ar (Argon).

The atomic radius generally increases as we move down a group in the periodic table and decreases as we move across a period. Therefore, in the given list, the elements can be ranked by their atomic radius as follows:

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The intermolecular force present in CH₄ is London dispersion forces, H₂0 has all the three types of molecular forces, Co experience dipole-dipole forces and dipole-dipole forces also exist in CH₃Cl

CH₄ is a non polar molecule. Methane gas is made up of a carbon atom that is bound to four hydrogen atoms. All these atoms shared the same electrons and this molecule has no charge.  Also, methane cannot produce hydrogen bonding

H₂0 is a polar molecule and contains intermolecular dipole-dipole hydrogen bonds. When water attracts and bonds with each other, they show some properties which include high heat of vaporization and surface tension.

Water contains O-H bonds, the negative atoms (o) attracts and bonds with the positive hydrogen and leads to a strong hydrogen bond which is a strong type of dipole-dipole forces.

Co is a polar molecule because it also experiences dipole-dipole forces and the attraction between the CO molecules are strong.

CH₃Cl (chloromethane) is also a perfect example of dipole-dipole interaction.

There are different types of intermolecular forces that take place between molecules

Dipole-dipole interactions: this interaction takes place when a molecule that is partially positively charged interacts electrostatically with another nearby molecule that is partially negatively charged.

London dispersion forces: These types of intermolecular forces can occur between polar and non-polar molecules; in fact, they can exist between all types of molecules. These forces are also the weakest out of types of intermolecular forces

Hydrogen bonding: is another type of dipole-dipole interaction that exists between N, O or F atom.

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Answer : The number of moles of ammonia gas is, 2.232 moles

Explanation : Given,

Volume of ammonia gas = 50 L

As we know that at STP,

1 mole of gas contains 22.4 L volume of gas.

As, 22.4 L volume of ammonia gas present in 1 mole of ammonia gas

So, 50 L volume of ammonia gas present in [tex]\frac{50}{22.4}=2.232[/tex] mole of ammonia gas

Therefore, the number of moles of ammonia gas is, 2.232 moles

Answer: spontaneous only at high temperature

Explanation: [tex]C_2H_6(g)\rightarrow C_2H_4(g)+H_2(g)[/tex]

The Gibbs free energy change is given by:

[tex]\Delta G=\Delta H-T\Delta S[/tex]

[tex]\Delta G[/tex] = Gibbs free energy

when [tex]\DeltaG[/tex]= +ve, reaction is non spontaneous

[tex]\DeltaG[/tex]= -ve, reaction is spontaneous

[tex]\DeltaG[/tex]= 0, reaction is in equilibrium

[tex]\Delta H[/tex] = enthalpy change = endothermic = +137 KJ

[tex]\Delta S[/tex] = entropy change = +120 J/K

[tex]\Delta G=(+)-T(+)[/tex]

[tex]\Delta G=(+)(-ve)[/tex]

Now [tex]\Delta G= -ve[/tex] when [tex]T\Delta S[/tex] has more value than [tex]\Delta H[/tex]

Thus reaction is spontaneous at high temperatures.

When  ΔH is positive and ΔS is positive, the reaction is spontaneous at high temperature.

In order to answer the question, we must define he following terms;

Let us recall that;

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Hence, when ΔH is positive and ΔS is positive, the reaction is spontaneous at high temperature.

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Mole measure the number of elementary entities of a given substance that are present in a given sample. The mass of 4.00 mole of sodium chloride is 233.76g.

The SI unit of amount of substance in chemistry is mole. The mole is used to measure the quantity of amount of substance. One mole of any element contains 6.022×10²³ atoms which is also called Avogadro number.

Mathematically,

mole of sodium chloride = mass ÷ Molar mass of sodium chloride

number of mole of sodium chloride=4mol

Molar mass sodium chloride =58.44 g/mole

Substituting the given values in the above equation, we get

4mole of sodium chloride=mass mass of sodium chloride÷ 58.44 g/mole

mass of sodium chloride = 4× 58.44 g/mole

mass of sodium chloride= 233.76g

Therefore the mass of 4.00 mole of sodium chloride is 233.76g.

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Compounds form a buffer in an aqueous solution when they consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. Some examples include acetic acid and sodium acetate or ammonia and ammonium chloride. The buffer's functionality is highest when the concentrations of these components are relatively equal and has the ability to resist changes in pH when minor quantities of acid or base are added.

In order for compounds to form a buffer in an aqueous solution, they must consist of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. One common example is a solutio of acetic acid (weak acid) and sodium acetate (conjugate base), represented as (CH3COOH + CH3COONa). Another example is a solution that includes ammonia (weak base) and ammonium chloride (conjugate acid), represented as (NH3(aq) + NH4Cl(aq)).

Buffers are most effective when their component concentrations are about equal. If the concentration of one component is less than about 10% of the other, the buffer's effectiveness diminishes. Buffer capacity, which refers to the amount of strong acid or base a buffer can neutralize, depends on the amount of acid and its conjugate base present in the solution.

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Answer: 67.65 Joules

Explanation:

[tex]Q= m\times c\times \Delta T[/tex]

Q= heat gained

m= mass of the substance = 5.0 g

c = heat capacity of aluminium = 0.902 J/g ° C      

[tex]\Delta T={\text{Change in temperature}}=(37-22)^oC=15^0C[/tex]  

[tex]Q=5.0g\times 0.902J/g^oC\times 15^oC[/tex]

Q= 67.65 Joules

Thus heat gained by 5.0 g of aluminum is = 67.65 Joules

Final answer:

The pH of a 0.250 M solution of NaC2H3O2 is approximately 5.65.

Explanation:

The pH of a solution can be calculated using the expression: pH = -log[H⁺], where [H⁺] is the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution. In this case, we have a 0.250 M solution of NaC2H3O2, which is the sodium salt of acetic acid (HC2H3O2). To calculate the pH, we need to first find the concentration of [H⁺].

Since NaC2H3O2 is a salt, it dissociates completely in water. The sodium ion (Na⁺) is a spectator ion and does not contribute to the pH. The C2H3O2⁻ ion reacts with water, forming HC2H3O2 and OH⁻ ions:

C2H3O2⁻ + H2O ⇌ HC2H3O2 + OH⁻

The equilibrium expression for the reaction is Ka = [HC2H3O2][OH⁻]/[C2H3O2⁻]. Given the value of Ka for HC2H3O2 as 1.80x10^-5, we can use this expression to find the concentrations of HC2H3O2 and OH⁻, and then determine the concentration of [H⁺]. Finally, we can calculate the pH using the formula pH = -log[H⁺].

After solving the equilibrium expression and performing the necessary calculations, we find the concentration of [H⁺] to be approximately 2.27x10^-6 M. Substituting this value into the pH formula, we get a pH of approximately 5.65.

The major elimination product of the reaction between bromobutane and sodium methoxide in methanol at 323 K can be obtained by removing the bromine atom and forming a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. The stereochemistry of the reaction will depend on the starting configuration of the bromobutane molecule.

The reaction between bromobutane and sodium methoxide in methanol at 323 K is an elimination reaction. It is likely to proceed via an E2 mechanism, which means that the elimination of a leaving group and the proton abstraction occur simultaneously.

In this reaction, the bromine atom will act as the leaving group and the methoxide ion will abstract a proton from the beta carbon.

The major elimination product of this reaction can be obtained by removing the bromine atom and forming a double bond between the alpha and beta carbons. The stereochemistry of the reaction will depend on the starting configuration of the bromobutane molecule.

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In the reaction of bromobutane with sodium methoxide, the major elimination product is 2-butene due to Zaitsev's rule favoring the formation of more substituted alkenes.

When bromobutane is treated with sodium methoxide in methanol at 323 K, an elimination reaction (E2 mechanism) occurs to form an alkene. The major elimination product is the more substituted alkene due to Zaitsev's rule, which maximizes the number of alkyl groups attached to the double-bonded carbons. The reaction is as follows:

Bromobutane (CH3CH2CH2CH2Br) with Sodium Methoxide (NaOCH3) leads to:

The major product will be 2-butene due to it having a higher degree of substitution, which is more stable and preferred in elimination reactions. The reaction involves the removal of beta hydrogen (from the 2nd carbon) and the bromine leaving group from the 1st carbon, resulting in the double bond between the 1st and 2nd carbons.

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A complex formed between Ag (Silver) and NH3 (Ammonia) with a coordination number of 2 is [Ag(NH3)2]+

In the world of chemistry, a complex compound is formed through the coordination of a central metal ion and surrounding ligands. Paying attention to your question, you're asking for the formula of a complex formed between Ag (Silver) and NH3 (Ammonia), with a coordination number of 2. The coordination number refers to the total number of ligand (NH3) links to a central ion (Ag). So, in this case, where there are two locations of the ammonia molecule bonded to the silver atom, the complex formula would be [Ag(NH3)2]+

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The formula for a complex formed between Ag (silver) and [tex]NH_3[/tex] (ammonia), with a coordination number of 2 for silver, would be [tex][Ag(NH_3)_2]^+[/tex].

To derive this formula, one must consider the charge of the silver ion and the nature of the ligand, [tex]NH_3[/tex]. Silver typically forms a 1+ ion, [tex]Ag^+[/tex]. Ammonia is a neutral ligand, meaning it does not carry a charge. When forming a complex, the ligands bond to the central metal ion, and the coordination number indicates how many ligands are bonded to the metal ion.

Given that silver has a coordination number of 2 in this complex, two NH3 molecules will bond to the [tex]Ag^+[/tex] ion. Since [tex]NH_3[/tex] is neutral, the overall charge of the complex will be the same as the charge of the silver ion, which is 1+. Therefore, the formula for the complex is [tex][Ag(NH_3)_2]^+[/tex].

the atomic weight of the element : 122.22 amu

The elements in nature have several types of isotopes

Isotopes are atoms whose no-atom has the same number of protons while still having a different number of neutrons.

So Isotopes are elements that have the same Atomic Number (Proton)

Atomic mass is the average atomic mass of all its isotopes

In determining the mass of an atom, as a standard is the mass of 1 carbon-12 atom whose mass is 12 amu

So the atomic mass obtained is the mass of the atom relative to the 12th carbon atom

Mass atom X = mass isotope 1 . % + mass isotope 2.%

An atomic mass unit = amu is a relative atomic mass of 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12.

The 'amu' unit has now been replaced with a unit of 'u' only

for example, Carbon has 3 isotopes, namely ₆¹²C, ₆¹³C, and ₆¹⁴C

Element has two isotopes. 120.9038 amu with 57.25% abundance and the other has an atomic weight of 122.8831 amu

Mass atom element X = mass isotope 1 . % + mass isotope 2.%

Mass atom element X = 120.9038 . 57.25% + 122.8831. 42.75%

Mass atom element X = 69.22 + 52.53 = 122.22 amu

The subatomic particle that has the least mass

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The balanced reaction would be written as:
C7H6O3 + C4H6O3--->C9H8O4 + HC2H3O2
To determine the percent yield, we need to first determine the theoretical yield if the reaction were to proceed completely. Then, we divide the actual yield that is given to the theoretical yield times 100 percent. The limiting reactant from the reaction would be salicylic acid. We do as follows: 

Theoretical yield: 1.15 g C7H6O3 ( 1 mol / 138.12 g ) ( 1 mol C9H8O4 / 1 mol C7H6O3 ) ( 180.17 g / mol ) = 1.50 g C9H8O4 should be produced

Percent yield = 1.21 / 1.50 x 100 = 80.66 %

Thus, only 80.66% of the theoretical C9H8O4 is being produced.

The percent yield of the reaction is 14549%.

To find the percent yield, we need to compare the actual yield (1.21 g of acetylsalicylic acid) to the theoretical yield, which is the maximum amount of acetylsalicylic acid that could be produced based on the reactants and their stoichiometry.

We can calculate the theoretical yield using the molar ratios of the reactants. The balanced equation for the reaction is:

C7H6O3 + C4H6O3 → C9H8O4 + C2H4O2

From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of salicylic acid reacts with 1 mole of acetic anhydride to produce 1 mole of acetylsalicylic acid. Therefore, we can use the moles of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride to calculate the theoretical yield of acetylsalicylic acid.

The moles of salicylic acid can be calculated using its mass and molar mass:

moles of salicylic acid = mass of salicylic acid / molar mass of salicylic acid = 1.15 g / 138.12 g/mol = 0.00833 mol

The moles of acetic anhydride can be calculated using its mass and molar mass:

moles of acetic anhydride = mass of acetic anhydride / molar mass of acetic anhydride = 2.83 g / 102.10 g/mol = 0.0278 mol

Since the balanced equation shows a 1:1 molar ratio between salicylic acid and acetylsalicylic acid, the moles of salicylic acid and acetic anhydride are equal to the moles of acetylsalicylic acid produced.

Therefore, the theoretical yield of acetylsalicylic acid is 0.00833 mol.

The percent yield can be calculated using the formula:

percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) * 100

Substituting the values, we get:

percent yield = (1.21 g / 0.00833 mol) * 100 = 14549%

The percent yield is 14549%.

To calculate the final temperature of methane gas heated at constant pressure with an 80% volume increase, one can use the ideal gas law or compressibility factor, with the latter expected to give a more accurate result.

The student has asked a question that involves the heating of methane gas at a constant pressure and determining the final temperature using two different methods - the ideal gas law and the compressibility factor. Assuming an initial volume increase of 80 percent at constant pressure, the ideal gas law can be used by employing Charles's Law (V1/T1 = V2/T2), given that volume and temperature are directly proportional when pressure is held constant. To include real gas behavior, the Z factor or compressibility factor can be used, which corrects the ideal gas equation for the effect of intermolecular forces and the volume occupied by the gas molecules themselves.

For the ideal gas law, we can rearrange the equation to solve for the final temperature (T2).

Using compressibility factor, we would first need to determine the Z factor at the given conditions, and then apply this correction to the ideal gas equation to find the final temperature.

The use of the compressibility factor is expected to yield a more accurate result since it accounts for non-ideal behavior of gases, especially at high pressures and low temperatures where deviations from ideal gas behavior are more pronounced.

The isoelectronic, neutral atom is Nitrogen (N), because both have the same number of electrons, which is 7.

To determine which neutral atom is isoelectronic with an [tex]O^+[/tex] ion, we first need to understand the term 'isoelectronic'. Electron counts are the same for isoelectronic atoms and ions.

Diffusion of a substance is affected by its molecular weight and mobility of molecules. Potassium permanganate diffuse faster than methylene blue because, it is lighter than methylene blue.

Diffusion is the process of movement of molecules from from higher concentration area to that of lower concentration. The movement depends on the molecular weight, its density and mobility of its ions.

Potassium permanganate molecules are smaller and have lesser weight  (150 g/mol) than methylene blue. Methylene blue is having higher molecular weight (319.85 g/mol) since it contains big aromatic rings.

Therefore, potassium permanganate diffuse faster than methylene blue.

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Answer: determining the concentration of an unknown base

Explanation:  The last step in performing a titration will lead to the determination of the concentration of the unknown base or an unknown quantity.

The other steps like finding out  which pH indicator works,  finding the number of moles of a product produced in a reaction and determining the molecular masses of the products in the reaction comes in between the procedure.

The base dissociation constant or Kb is a value used to measure the strength of a specific base in solution. To determine the percent ionization of the substance we make use of the Kb given. Methylamine or CH3NH2 when in solution would form ions:

CH3NH2 + H2O < = >  CH3NH3+ + OH- 

Kb is expressed as follows:

Kb = [OH-] [CH3NH3+] / [CH3NH2]

Where the terms represents the concentrations of the acid and the ions. 

By the ICE table, we can calculate the equilibrium concentrations,
     CH3NH2    CH3NH3+             OH- 
I      1.60           0                         0
C      -x               +x                      +x
 --------------------------------------------------
E  1.60-x             x                       x

Kb = [OH-] [CH3NH3+] / [CH3NH2] =  3.4×10−4

Solving for x,

x = [OH-] = 0.023 M 

pH = 14 + log 0.023 = 12.36

Therefore, the first option is the closest one.

Answer:

5.2

Explanation:

Calculate the pH of a 1.60 M CH₃NH₃Cl solution. Kb for methylamine, CH₃NH₂, is 3.7 × 10⁻⁴.

CH₃NH₃Cl is a strong electrolyte that ionizes according to the following equation.

CH₃NH₃Cl(aq) → CH₃NH₃⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)

The concentration of CH₃NH₃⁺ will also be 1.60 M (Ca). CH₃NH₃⁺ is the conjugate acid of CH₃NH₂. We can find its acid dissociation constant (Ka) using the following expression.

Ka × Kb = Kw

Ka × 3.7 × 10⁻⁴ = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴

Ka = 2.7 × 10⁻¹¹

The acid dissociation of CH₃NH₃⁺ can be represented through the following equation.

CH₃NH₃⁺(aq) ⇄ CH₃NH₂(aq) + H⁺(aq)

For a weak acid, we can find the concentration of H⁺ using the following expression.

[H⁺] = √(Ka × Ca) = √(2.7 × 10⁻¹¹ × 1.60) = 6.6 × 10⁻⁶ M

The pH is:

pH = -log [H⁺] = -log (6.6 × 10⁻⁶) = 5.2

Answer: can be separated by physical process

Explanation:

Mixture is a substance that does not ready when mixed together example is iron filling and sand they can be separated from each other by magnetism

So this is common to all mixtures because it has simple way of separation

Answer:

The amount of hydrogen in the substance is 7.72g

Explanation:

The mass of the substance is the sum total of masses of the three element. Which implies ;

Total mass of substance = 35g of N +5.05g of H + 60.0g of O =100.05g

Using the percentage composition approach

% of N = 35/100.05 × 100 = 34.98 %

% of H = 5.05/100.05 ×100 =5.047%

% of O = 60.0/100.05 ×100=59.97%

Therefore in a mass of 153g of the substance, there will be 34.98% of N, 5.047% of H and 59.97% of O.

For H: 5.047% of 153g =(5.047/100)×153g

= 7.72g