Income is the flow of cash received from work (in the form of wages), capital (in the form of interest for profit), land (in the form of rent).
The money supply is
the total amount of money in circulation in an economy. How we define “money”
in this sense can vary from physical cash, to include bank accounts, to things
that are even less liquid such as short-term bonds.
Recession is a period of shrinkage in the size of the economy, usually defined by a negative growth rate of GDP. The general rule for determining whether a recession is happening is two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth.
Inflation is the rate
at which the aggregate price of goods in an economy increases. It is often
represented by the change in price of a representative basket of goods.
Cost-push theory
states that inflation is driven by higher costs of factors of production
(capital, labor), which in turn weakens supply while demand remains consistent,
which increases prices. It is the theory that inflation is primarily driven by
the supply curve moving to the left due to increased costs of production.
The law of diminishing utility (more accurately called the law of diminishing marginal utility), is the general (but not universal) rule in utility theory that each additional unit of an identical good adds a smaller (but usually still positive) additional utility. In other words, the first unit gives you more utility than the second unit, but since you have more total utility with two, you’d rather have two than one.
The concept of risk and return is that, as a general rule, an investor must
expose herself to a higher level of risk in order to achieve a higher return on
her assets. This increase expected return is known as the “risk premium”.
Two ways to manage risk would be to:
1) Diversify your investments. Buying a
wide variety of securities, bonds, or any other financial instrument lowers the
overall volatility of the portfolio, and decreases your exposure to unexpected
volatility in any one holding.
2) Another way to manage risk is to protect your investment using insurance. Insurance helps you avoid the risk of huge and unacceptable losses through a much smaller, periodic expense.
1. This is false. The quantity theory of inflation states that an increase in
the money supply causes an increase of the same percentage in the price levels.
2. This is true. Recessions generally happen when a sharp drop in spending has
occurred.
3. Governments may try to end a recession by increasing the money supply. This
is true. Governments usually do this by manipulating the interest rate of the
central bank. This is known as quantitative easing.
4. False. An income tax is set by and collected by the government.
5. True, Stocks, or shares, are held by shareholders.
6. False. A checking or saving account is a way to save your money. Investment in macroeconomics is defined by purchasing capital or some other asset to generate income, and saving is lending money to these capital investors to earn a return. A checking or savings account enables you to earn a very small return on your savings.
7. False. Purchasing insurance is a wise way to manage your financial risk, as it puts a limit on how much you can lose due to unforeseen incidents such a sudden valuation change in an owned stock or severe damage to your home. Insurance can take many forms, from more formal home insurance to protective options on stocks you own.
Inflation is an increase in the aggregate price level of the economy. This increase in the aggregate price level is attributed in part to more cash in circulation in an economy (the money supply). Recession is a period in which the aggregate demand, due to a decline in general economic activity including spending, for goods declines. This can cause negative inflation, in which aggregate prices drop due to less demand. Governments may try to stimulate an economy in recession by increasing the money supply, usually through the central bank’s interest rate (lower interest rates translate to higher money supply).
What two factors made it difficult, at first, for astronomers to choose between the copernican heliocentric model and the ptolemaic geocentric model?
Final answer:
Initially, astronomers struggled to choose between Copernicus' heliocentric model and the Ptolemaic geocentric model due to prevailing philosophical and religious beliefs that downplayed empirical evidence, as well as the Ptolemaic system's elaborate but adjustable method for describing planetary motion.
Explanation:
The question posed asks about the factors that hindered astronomers from initially deciding between the Copernican heliocentric model and the Ptolemaic geocentric model. Two major factors that made this decision challenging were:
Philosophical and religious beliefs that held human thought and divine revelation in higher regard than empirical observation, which made experimental evidence less impactful during Copernicus' time.The apparent ability of the geocentric model to describe planetary motions with adjustments, making it difficult to outright disprove it based on the astronomical observations available at the time.Copernicus himself could not provide conclusive proof that Earth revolved around the Sun. The decision was complicated as the Ptolemaic system, despite being more cumbersome, could still correspond to the observed movements of planets with some adjustments.
Final answer:
Astronomers had difficulty choosing between the heliocentric and geocentric models initially due to deep-rooted philosophical and religious convictions and the geocentric model's ability to predict planetary motions adequately. It was later scientific evidence that eventually swayed opinion in favor of the heliocentric model.
Explanation:
The question asks about two factors that made it challenging for astronomers to choose between the Copernican heliocentric model and the Ptolemaic geocentric model. One significant reason was a long-standing belief system backed by philosophical tradition and the Catholic Church that valued divine revelation and pure human thought over empirical evidence. Nature, as experienced through the senses, was considered unreliable. Secondly, the geocentric model of Ptolemy, despite being less elegant, was able to predict planetary motions reasonably well with just a few adjustments, making it hard to outright dismiss in favor of Copernicus's model, which lacked the observational proof at the time.
In summary, the adherence to philosophical and religious beliefs over empirical evidence, and the fact that geocentric predictions worked adequately, muddied the waters in deciding which model accurately described the cosmos. It wasn't until the work of scientists like Kepler and Galileo, providing evidence and improving upon Copernican theory, that the heliocentric model gained predominant support.
In cell b17, enter a formula to calculate the amount budgeted for hotel accommodations. this amount is based on the # of nights, the hotel rate/night, and the hotel tax rate. in parentheses add the hotel tax rate to 1 to equal 118% percent before multiplying.
Why is return on investment (roi) the most commonly used financial performance measure quiz?
When asking data owners questions to determine how sensitive or critical their data is, you should ask what type of question to get unbiased answers?
Answer:
How relevant is this information to my topic?
Explanation:
So research work is relevant when it brings something new to an established body of knowledge, or when it is against those views. Of course the work should be researched in all its relevant existing research work. So it representable, and from that basis it becomes more relevant.
Bill's organization expects 50% of profits to be generated by products that did not exist five years ago. What is the nature of the programs that the organization's managers are likely to follow?
In considering the level of assistance a client needs, the agency will:
"james is employed by the university. yesterday he fell outside of his office due to water on the floor. he broke his leg in two places. what type of health care plan will cover james' expenses?"
James' broken leg due to a fall at his workplace should be covered under Workman's compensation insurance, which covers injuries that occur on the job, and would be the primary source of coverage for this work-related injury.
Explanation:Based on the scenario provided, James' medical expenses resulting from the injury he sustained at work should be covered by Workman's compensation insurance. Employers contribute to state-run funds which are set up to cover injuries that occur on the job. James' broken leg, incurred from falling due to water on the floor outside his office at the university, would typically qualify as a work-related injury. Therefore, even if James has health insurance, either through a private healthcare plan or a public healthcare option, workman's compensation would be the primary source of coverage for the injury sustained at work.
It is important to note that health insurance plans often come with a deductible, copayments, and sometimes coinsurance. Private health insurance is usually classified as either employment-based, provided by employers, or direct-purchase insurance, which individuals buy directly. In James' case, depending on his university's health care plan, he may have different costs associated with outpatient visits and medical tests once the workman's compensation coverage for the injury itself is addressed.
A recent study of 100 employees from six departments of a major corporation found 65% to be sleep deprived. the researchers concluded that the majority of corporate employees are sleep deprived. the researcher’s conclusion is suspect because it
Suppose that the government has raised by $10 a per-carat tax rate it imposes on diamonds in an effort to influence production of this particular good by each of the firms that produce it and purchases by individual consumers. would we apply microeconomic or macroeconomic analysis to analyze this policy action?
One of the primary weaknesses of many financial planning models is that they
A business buyers purchase process ends with:
A blue ocean strategy tends to be successful only if a firm is able to rely on a _____ that allows it to reconcile trade-offs.
a. value driver
b. value innovation
c. product feature
d. product complement
Rikan inc.'s credit sales for the year 2016 are $5,000,000, and its gross profit is $1,500,000. the company’s average inventories are $595,000. its average accounts receivable is $750,000 and average accounts payable is $640,000. from this information, calculate the company’s cash cycle. (round the answer to one decimal.)
the employees of a company feel that rewards are fairly allocated. this illustrates _____.
________ is a marketer's tool in assessing products in terms of suitability for a market.
How can conflicts between the interests of stakeholders be resolved by a corporation's management?
Corporate management can resolve stakeholder conflicts by engaging in conflict management, stakeholder engagement, and effective corporate governance to balance competing interests and seek mutual benefits.
Conflicts between the interests of stakeholders within a corporation can be complex and seemingly intractable. However, these conflicts can be addressed satisfactorily by focusing on the different interests involved and implementing conflict management strategies.
Stakeholders such as employees, customers, governments, and investors often have competing interests. For example, while employees seek higher wages and benefits, investors may demand higher returns, which can lead to cost-cutting measures such as layoffs.
To address these conflicts, corporate management must engage in proactive stakeholder engagement to understand the diverse perspectives and find a balance between them. This might involve negotiating compromises, fostering cooperation, and seeking innovative solutions that provide mutual benefits.
Effective corporate governance plays a crucial role in overseeing these processes and ensuring that management acts in the best long-term interests of the corporation and all stakeholders, notwithstanding the company's obligation to maximize profits.
The decision-making process can be facilitated by creating forums for stakeholder dialogue, where competing values and policies are openly discussed. This approach can lead to greater mutual understanding and agreement on decisions, ultimately aligning the corporation's actions with sustainable and equitable management practices.
The inclusion of a broad range of stakeholder voices, from employees to environmental interests, can contribute to more effective and accepted outcomes.
True or false: the market for public utilities, like gas and electricity, does exhibit the two primary characteristics that define perfectly competitive markets.
The market for public utilities does not display the characteristics of a perfectly competitive market; it is more akin to a natural monopoly due to the high costs and inefficiencies of duplicated infrastructure. They often have regulated or limited competition and the power to set prices. Real-world markets, including public utilities, often require government intervention to provide public goods effectively.
Explanation:The market for public utilities, such as gas and electricity, does not exhibit the two primary characteristics of perfectly competitive markets. These characteristics are: (1) the product offered is a homogeneous commodity, and (2) market participants are price takers due to the high degree of competition. Public utilities are considered examples of a natural monopoly, where the high infrastructure costs and the impracticality of having multiple sets of utility lines make competitive markets less efficient.
Public utilities, therefore, typically operate in an environment with reduced competition, where a single provider or a limited number of providers serve a market. These providers often have significant control over the pricing and supply of their services, contrary to perfect competition principles.
Moreover, public goods, such as national defense or environmental quality, which are nonexcludable and non-rival, often require government intervention or other collective measures to ensure that they are provided effectively, addressing the free rider problem. The nature of public utilities and public goods showcases that real-world markets often deviate from the theoretical efficiency of perfect competition.
Which type of consumer decision-making process will most likely result in an impulse buy?
the correct answer is option 3. The type of consumer decision-making process that will most likely result in an impulse buy is the habitual decision making. This process is characterized by a consumer's spontaneous and emotional response to a product that leads to a purchase without prior planning.
Impulse buys are driven by the fast mode, which seeks quick satisfaction. Here are key elements:
Emotional Response: Consumers react emotionally to the attractiveness or curiosity of a product.Lack of Planning: The purchase occurs without any intention or pre-planning.External Triggers: Sales, promotions, or a simple visual appeal can trigger this process.Instant Gratification: The decision is heavily motivated by the desire for instant rewards.Understanding this decision-making process is crucial for businesses aiming to influence purchasing behavior, as spontaneous decisions can significantly boost sales through strategic marketing and product placements.Complete question-
What type of consumer decision -making process will most likely result in an impulse buy?
Multiple Choice
limited problem solvingextended problem solvinghabitual decision makingcomposite segmentationutilitarian shoppingWhen there are television commercials for the ford focus, television is the _____?
Television is the advertising platform or medium used for Ford Focus commercials.
Explanation:In the context of television commercials for the Ford Focus, television is the advertising platform or medium. Television advertising is a highly effective way for companies to promote their goods and services, as it allows them to reach a wide audience and target specific demographics. Advertisers can utilize data gathered by network and cable television companies to tailor their advertising to the viewers' preferences and interests.
For example, when Ford advertises the Ford Focus on television, they are using television as a medium to showcase the car's features and benefits to potential customers. The television commercials aim to capture viewers' attention and influence their purchasing decisions.
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When did american business begin to concentrate on customer needs why?
Emily has used this file format many times, as it is suitable for photographs, and highly compressed, which makes it a good idea when file storage is at a premium. what is this format?
In an organized sales dialogue, the salesperson's ability to develop a customized solution is heavily dependent upon:
If a drought ruins a significant amount of the coffee crop, then we would expect the price of
If a drought ruins a significant amount of the coffee crop, it is expected that the price of the coffee will rise. It is because if there are less products or the less it produces, it causes the product to rise because the product will be of demand by the consumers.
Carlos confronts jane with the discrepancy between his own salary and those of the newly hired managers. from a management perspective, what forces do you suppose jane is dealing with? social forces political forces economic forces both social and economic forces
The confrontation of Carlos towards Jane because of the discrepancy between his salary and also of those who are newly hired had connected in a management perspective that they are dealing with forces such as the social and economic forces because their issue is being affected by these two forces, in which it will be a contributing factor of how the issue has happened or occurred.
Answer:
The correct answer is letter "D": both social and economic forces.
Explanation:
From the management perspective, Jane will be facing a social issue at first since Carlos is bringing up the difference between how they are treating him and others. As the topic itself is the salary, it also represents an economic issue since Carlos is being affected by the actions taken by the company giving better payments to newly hired executives.
The shrimp harvest was unusually good this year. the demand curve did not shift from last year, but because of the abundant harvest, the price fell from $100 per sack to $85 per sack. the price elasticity of demand for shrimp is -1.40. what happened to the total revenue of the fishermen? choose the closest answer. (hint: the percentage c
A salesperson is trying to sell you a phone that has 16gb of memory saying, “that’s enough space to record an hour of high quality video!” this salesperson is probably wrong, but in which direction? would you have more than enough memory or not enough?
George has to present the goals of information management to his team member. What is a goal of information management?
The goal of information management is to identify information requirements for various management levels.
Final answer:
Information management goals include ensuring data security, improving efficiency, and enhancing decision-making.
Explanation:
One goal of information management is to ensure the security and confidentiality of data. This involves implementing measures such as encryption, access controls, and regular backups to prevent unauthorized access and data loss.
Another goal is to improve the efficiency of information flow within an organization. This can be achieved by implementing systems and technologies that streamline communication, automate processes, and provide quick and easy access to relevant information.
Additionally, information management aims to enhance decision-making by ensuring that accurate and timely information is available to managers and other decision-makers. This involves gathering, analyzing, and presenting data in a meaningful way, enabling informed decision-making.
During october, alameda company had $102,500 of cash receipts and $103,150 of cash disbursements. the october 31 cash balance was $18,600. determine how much cash the company had at the close of business on september 30.
Because of declining juice sales, the managers at tropicana decided to try something new. in addition to selling tropicana orange juice, they will introduce tropicana orange ice cream and tropicana orange chewing gum. these new products can be referred to as:
The new products can be referred to as line extensions. Line extensions is a way of having a new item in the same category and having to name its brand name. It is seen in the scenario above where they try a new product under the same category.
Why do executives and managers spend more time listening than do workers?
The executive and manager spend more time listening than do workers because all the decisions are taken by the executive and managers.
Further Explanation:
Executive and managers are the top level of management, the manager takes all the decisions related to the company. The decision related to finance, investment, increase capital, open a new subsidiary, industry-related issues, and workers issues. All the decisions have taken by the executive and manager.
The executive and manager should listen more to take an appropriate and correct decision which may increase the value of the profit. The manager and executive should responsibility for all the party's points of view to take a good decision. The manager should take into consideration of all the prospective parties, the decision may affect the parties.
Workers have to manufacture the good only, they do not need to listen more. As they already know about how many units, they have to manufacture in a particular time period. The responsibility of a company does not in the hands of workers. The responsibility of the company does in the hands of executives and managers.
In the hierarchy of manager, workers belong to the bottom level of the manager and the executive and manager belongs to the top level of managers.
Learn more:
1. Learn more about moral values
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2. Learn more about the position in the organization
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3. Learn more about decision-making theory
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Answer details:
Grade: Middle School
Subject: Management
Chapter: Level of Managers
Keywords: executive, manager, spend, more, time., listening, workers, decisions are taken, top-level, bottom level, appropriate and correct decision, responsibility.