Covalent compounds occur __________. between a metal and a nonmetal that share electrons when nonmetals gain or lose electrons only between metals when nonmetals share electrons

Final answer:

The family of organic compounds that are soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water are known as lipids. These compounds, which can include fats, oils, and waxes, are characterized by their hydrophobic nature, low melting points, and low boiling points.

Explanation:

The family of organic compounds that are soluble in organic solvents but not in water are generally referred to as lipids. These compounds exhibit low solubility in water due to their largely hydrophobic (non-polar) nature but have high solubility in nonpolar solvents. Lipids include a variety of molecules such as fats, oils, waxes, certain vitamins (like vitamins A, D, E, and K), hormones, and most of the non-protein membrane components.

Lipids are notable for their low melting points and low boiling points, characteristics that are common among organic compounds with non-polar bonds. The structure of lipids, which often includes long chains of hydrocarbons, makes them insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents like dichloromethane.

Not all organic compounds, however, are lipids. Some, like glucose are highly polar and therefore soluble in water despite being organic. Others include different families of organic compounds such as hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and arenes), halogen-substituted hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing compounds (such as alcohols, ketones, and carboxylic acids), and nitrogen-containing compounds (like amines and nitriles).

a. A colloid is a homogeneous mixture that does not settle out upon standing.

A colloid is a homogeneous mixture where the particle size is intermediate between that of a true solution and a suspension. The particles in a colloid are small enough that they do not settle out upon standing but are large enough to scatter light, exhibiting the Tyndall effect. Examples include milk, fog, and gelatin.

A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture where the particles are large enough to eventually settle out upon standing. An example of a suspension is muddy water.

Solid refers to a state of matter and does not describe the nature of the mixture in terms of settling behavior.

Hydrated refers to a substance that includes water molecules within its structure, typically referring to a crystalline substance like a hydrated salt. It does not describe the mixture's behavior in terms of settling. The correct answer is a.

Complete Question:

A homogeneous mixture that does not settle out upon standing is

a. a colloid

b. a suspension

c. solid

d. hydrated

Answer:

Mass is conserved

Explanation:

The given biomolecules are lipids and they are insoluble in water.But they can be dissolved in non-polar ionic solutions.

Lipids are essential biomolecules for living organisms. Lipids are composed of long chain fatty acids and triglycerides. They have a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail. This hydrophobicity make them insoluble in water.

Lipids are significant for ion transportation, cell repair, cell membrane formation, ion balancing etc. The structure of lipids are clearly explained by the Fluid -Mosaic model.

Water is a universal solvent and it can dissolve all polar compounds by forming hydrogen bond with them or charge separation.  But, lipids are not soluble in polar compounds such as water and alcohols.

Thus, lipids are insoluble in water, alcohol as well as in oil, since they have a hydrophobic tail. Lipids shows some solubility in non-polar ionic solution.

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Answer:

[tex]NH_{4}NO_{3}[/tex] has pH<7

Explanation:

pH of salt depends on species generated through hydrolysis of the given salt.

Hydrolysis equilibrium of [tex]NH_{4}NO_{3}[/tex] is given below:

                [tex]NH_{4}NO_{3}+H_{2}O\rightarrow NH_{4}OH+HNO_{3}[/tex]

[tex]NH_{4}OH[/tex] is a weak base and [tex]HNO_{3}[/tex] is a strong acid. So species obtained through hydrolysis of [tex]NH_{4}NO_{3}[/tex] is a mixture of strong acid and weak base.

Hence the the salt solution will be acidic in nature. That means pH of solution is less than 7.

It's D. 1.0645 × 1025

There are approximately 3.548 × 10²⁴ atoms in 131.97 liters of water vapor at STP. Option (2) is correct.

To calculate the number of atoms in 131.97 liters of water vapor at STP, we need to use the ideal gas law and Avogadro's number.

Convert the volume from liters to moles using the molar volume at STP, which is 22.4 liters per mole.

Moles of water vapor = 131.97 liters / 22.4 liters per mole ≈ 5.90 moles

Now, calculate the number of atoms using Avogadro's number (6.023 × 10²³ atoms per mole).

Number of atoms = Moles of water vapor × Avogadro's number

Number of atoms = 5.90 moles × 6.023 × 10²³ atoms per mole

Number of atoms ≈ 3.548 × 10²⁴ atoms

Therefore, there are approximately 3.548 × 10²⁴ atoms in 131.97 liters of water vapor at STP.

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Mendeleev is the father of periodic table based on the mass number of elements. The elements placed in this old periodic table was, hydrogen  and lithium in a group, and Be, Mg, Al, S, Cl, Ca etc.

Periodic table is a classification of all the elements discovered yet. There are groups which are vertical column with elements of similar properties. The periodic table was first introduced by Dimitri Mendeleev.

But Mendeleev was classified the elements based on the increasing order of mass number. But later it was modified as it is now based on the atomic number of elements.

Due to the discrepancies found in Mendeleev's periodic table Mossley modified the table and proposed that the atomic properties are based on the atomic number.

There were only about 63 elements in the old periodic table which included the elements hydrogen, Li, S, Mg, Ca, Na, N, O,C, some of the transition elements Ti. V, Cr, Mn etc.

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Answer: Only the electrons in the outermost shell

Explanation:

Biochemical or organic sedimentary rocks are the class of sedimentary rocks that are deposited from a solution made by organic processes. They form from the accumulation of plant and animal debris.

The class of sedimentary rocks that are deposited from a solution made by organic processes is generally referred to as biochemical or organic sedimentary rocks. These form from the accumulation of plant and animal debris. For example, limestone often forms from the calcium carbonate shells of marine organisms.

Another example is coal, which forms from the remains of plants in swamp environments. Organic processes producing significant amounts of biological debris, result in specific types of sedimentary rocks.

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Answer:

C. parasitism

Explanation:

Symbiosis is an interspecific ecological interaction, that is, between organisms of different species, occurring in a compulsory and harmonious manner, allowing reciprocal advantages for the species involved. This association is permanent, causing dependence indispensable to the survival of the parties, and can no longer detach from each other, due to the collaboration that each exerts on the metabolism of its dependent, probably harmful if they were separated.

Parasitism is an association between two organisms, but it is the type of association that does not promote benefits to both living organisms, on the contrary, in parasitism an organism causes a malfunction in the body of another organism, but its development is favored. For this reason, parasitism cannot be considered a kind of symbiosis.

Final answer:

Blood is a homogeneous mixture due to the uniform distribution of various types of cells within plasma, making it different from pure substances like elements and compounds which consist of only one type of atom or chemically combined atoms, respectively.

Explanation:

Blood is classified as a homogeneous mixture because it consists of several types of cells that are uniformly distributed within a liquid called plasma. When you observe blood without the aid of a microscope, it appears to be a uniform liquid, indicating that it is indeed homogeneous despite containing various components such as red and white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Unlike pure substances like elements and compounds, mixtures such as blood can vary in the exact proportions of their components. Therefore, blood is not a pure substance but a homogeneous mixture because it exhibits a uniform composition throughout.

In summary:

An atom of bromine has a mass about four times greater than that of an atom of neon. There are more moles of neon in 1,000 g compared to bromine.

An atom of bromine has a mass about four times greater than that of an atom of neon. To compare the relative numbers of bromine and neon atoms in 1,000 g of each element, we need to calculate the number of moles of each element first.

To calculate the number of moles of an element, we divide the given mass by the molar mass of the element. The molar mass of bromine is about 79.90 g/mol, and the molar mass of neon is about 20.18 g/mol.

Therefore, in 1,000 g of bromine, there would be ≅ 1,000/79.90 = 12.52 moles of bromine. And in 1,000 g of neon, there would be ≅ 1,000/20.18 = 49.51 moles of neon. So, there are more moles of neon in 1,000 g compared to bromine.

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Answer:

There are 0.0292 moles of sucrose available for this reaction

Explanation:

Number of moles of a compound = [tex]\frac{mass of compound}{molar mass of the compound}[/tex]

Here mass of sucrose is 10.0 g. Molar mass of sucrose is 342.3 g/mol

So moles of sucrose available for this reaction = [tex]\frac{10 g}{342.3 g/mol}= 0.0292 moles[/tex]

Answer:

In an atom, subshell is defined as the set of states in a given shell that have the same azimuthal quantum number (ℓ).  

For a d-subshell, the value of azimuthal quantum number (ℓ) is 3. Also, a d-subshell contains 5 atomic orbitals, namely [tex]d_{{z}^{2}},\, d_{xy},\, d_{yz},\, d_{xz},\, d_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}[/tex], that can be occupied by 2 electrons each.

The filling of electrons in a subshell, such as the d-subshell, of a given shell is governed by the Hund's Rule of maximum multiplicity.

According to this rule, firstly all the 5 atomic orbitals of the d-subshell are singly filled and then the electrons are paired.

Since, a d-subshell can contain 10 electrons.

Therefore, firstly the 5 atomic orbitals are occupied with one electron each

[tex]d^{1}_{{z}^{2}},\, d^{1}_{xy},\, d^{1}_{yz},\, d^{1}_{xz},\, d^{1}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}[/tex]

Then the remaining five electrons, results in the pairing of electrons in each d-atomic orbital.

[tex]d^{2}_{{z}^{2}},\, d^{2}_{xy},\, d^{2}_{yz},\, d^{2}_{xz},\, d^{2}_{{x}^{2}-{y}^{2}}[/tex]

In the d sublevel, which has five orbitals, ten electrons are arranged according to the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule, and the Pauli exclusion principle. Electrons fill each orbital singly with the same spin before any orbitals are doubly occupied with opposite spins. The orbital filling diagram reflects this sequence visually.

To understand how ten electrons occupy the five d orbitals, we can refer to the Aufbau principle, Hund's rule, and the Pauli exclusion principle. According to these principles, electrons fill up orbitals starting from the lowest energy level moving to higher levels.

Each d sublevel can contain a maximum of 10 electrons since it has five orbitals, and each orbital can hold two electrons with opposite spins. Following Hund's rule, all five d orbitals will be singly occupied before any one of them gets a second electron. Additionally, all electrons in singly occupied orbitals will have the same spin, depicted by arrows pointing in the same direction.

An orbital filling diagram for a d sublevel with ten electrons would show the first five arrows (each representing an electron) pointing upwards (↑) to indicate one spin direction, and the next five arrows pointing downwards (↓) to indicate the opposite spin, each paired with one of the first five.

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Answer:

the hydrogen atoms in heavy water have a neutron in the nucleus, doubling the mass

Explanation:

trust me

The hydrogen in heavy water contains one neutron while the hydrogen in normal water does not have any neutrons. The hydrogen of heavy water is an isotope of hydrogen called deuterium.

Deuterium is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen. The nucleus of a deuterium atom posseses one proton and one neutron. Deuterium has a natural abundance on the earth of about one atom in 6420 of hydrogen.

Deuterium has approximately 0.0156% of all the naturally occurring hydrogen in the ocean. The abundance of deuterium changes from one type of natural water to another.

Deuterium is the isotope of hydrogen, the mass number of deuterium is 2 while the mass number of hydrogen is 1.

Normal water has a molecular formula of H₂O in which hydrogen is ¹H₁ and the molecular formula of heavy water is D₂O in which D is deuterium has symbol  ²H₁ as it contains one proton and one neutron.

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Hydrogen have three isotopes namely proton, deuteron and triton. The hyphen notation for these isotopes can be written as H-1, H-2 and H-3 with mass number 1, 2 and 3 respectively.

Isotopes are atoms of same atomic number and different mass numbers. Isotopes can be of one mass number difference or 2 to three. For example, carbon have three isotopes. C-12, C-13, C-14. The mass numbers are one unit higher from the previous one.

Many elements have isotopes, like for chlorine, bromine, nitrogen, fluorine etc with a natural stability. Hydrogen have three isotopes that are hydrogen -1 with one mass number 1 called proton.

Hydrogen-2 with mass number 2 called deuteron and hydrogen-3 with mass number 3 called triton.

They can be represented as flows:

[tex]^{1}H , \\^{2}H , \\^{3}H[/tex]

Here, the top number is mass number and the bottom number is one which is same for all hydrogen isotopes.

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Final answer:

Water has a density of 1.0 g/mL. Diethyl ether, being lighter due to weaker dispersion forces, has a commonly reported density of approximately 0.70 g/ml.

Explanation:

The density of a substance is a measure of its mass per unit volume. When referring to liquids and solids, density is commonly expressed in grams per milliliter (g/mL). Specifically, water has a density of 1.0 g/cm3, which is equivalent to 1.0 g/mL, as 1 cm3 is equal to 1 mL. The density of diethyl ether is not given in the reference, but it's known to be lighter than water. Since diethyl ether has relatively weak dispersion forces, which result in a low boiling point and, typically, a lower density compared to water, it's reasonable to assume that its density would be less than that of water. The density value commonly reported for diethyl ether is approximately 0.70 g/mL. This contrast in densities stems from the difference in intermolecular forces and the molecular structure of the substances.