Compared to today, the treatment of breast cancer in the 1960s, typically:

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Answer 1
In the late 1950's - 1960's survival from cancer was poor. Damaging surgery and relatively unsophisticated radiotheraphy were the main treatments. Understanding of cancer treatment has transformed over 60 years. The arrival of chemotheraphy, and solid evidence for the link between cancer and factors such as smoking or viruses. 

Related Questions

A drug that reduces inflammation is most likely affecting which type of organic biochemical

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An organic biochemical called lipid is a drug that reduces inflammation is most likely affecting. It is a substance of biological origin that is soluble in nonpolar solvents. Its main function includes storing energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes. It also have applications in the cosmetic and food industries as well as in nanotechnology.

which kind of bond is created by a weak electrical attraction between polar molecules

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weak intermolecular forces of attraction
London dispersion forces are the weakest bonds of any molecules including polar bonds next one is hydrogen bonds which are a bit stronger. polar covalent bonds are the strongest.

What difficulty may result if a chromatographic column is not placed in a vertical position?

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If a chromatographic column is not placed in a vertical position, the flow and the separation rate of the materials which are been separated may be negatively affected, that is, it may  be slowed down, this is because the column is not inclined in the same direction as the flow of the separating substances. Also, collecting the products of the separation will be a bit difficult. If the column is placed in a vertical position, then a test tube can be placed at the end of the column for collecting the separated product

In an experiment, the ____ is as similar as possible to the experimental group except that it is not exposed to the independent variable.​

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The control group is as similar as possible to the experimental group except that it is not exposed to the independent variable. The independent variable is the variable the researchers manipulate to determine its effect on the dependent variable. The dependent variable is not changed. The other group is exposed to the independent variable.

A 72-year-old female sustained a left radius fracture, resulting in volar angulation, radial shortening and loss of radioulnar inclination. a general anesthetic was administered. a standard dorsal central approach to the wrist was made. the capsule was opened in a t fashion and the malunion site was identified. a series of osteotomes was utilized to open the fracture site and the normal distal radial architecture was restored. the pie-plate was placed on the distal radius utilizing a combination of 2.0 and 1.8 screws and threaded pins for the distal segment and 2.7 screws proximally. fragments were secured, and norian srs was packed into the defect and allowed to harden. with this completed, the wounds were copiously irrigated with normal saline. soft tissue was closed over the plate and distal radius, and secured with 2-0 vicryl. what cpt® code is reported?

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The answer is 25400-LT. the explanation behind this is this is not the reparation of a fracture; it is repair of a malunion. In the CPT® Index look for Repair/Radius/Malunion or Nonunion, 25400, 25405, 25415, 25420. Code 25400 reports repair of a malunion of the radius. There is no indication of an autograft; hence, 25405 is incorrect. Norian SRS is a biocompatible bone gap filler, not a graft. Modifier LT is added to indicate the procedure is executed on the left side.

"The correct CPT code to report for the procedure described is 25675.

The procedure performed on the 72-year-old female with a left radius fracture involves several steps that are characteristic of a specific surgical technique. The use of a dorsal central approach to the wrist, opening the capsule in a T fashion, and the restoration of the normal distal radial architecture by osteotomy are all indicative of an open treatment of a distal radius fracture with internal fixation.

The use of a pie-plate, which is a type of internal fixation device, and the securing of fragments with a combination of screws and threaded pins, further specify the type of internal fixation used. The packing of Norian SRS (Silicate Substituted Calcium Phosphate) into the defect is a method of bone grafting to aid in healing.

The CPT code that corresponds to this procedure is 25675, which describes an ""Open treatment of distal radius fracture, includes internal fixation, when performed."" This code encompasses the surgical approach, the restoration of the bone's alignment, the internal fixation with a plate and screws, and the bone grafting if performed.

It is important to note that the specific sizes of the screws (2.0, 1.8, and 2.7 mm) and the use of threaded pins are details of the procedure that support the use of this code but do not change the coding. The code is chosen based on the overall procedure performed, not the specific devices or sizes of hardware used.

The closure of the soft tissue over the plate and distal radius with 2-0 Vicryl suture is included in the surgical procedure and does not require a separate procedure code. The copious irrigation with normal saline is also a standard part of the surgical procedure and is not coded separately.

Therefore, the appropriate CPT code for the surgical repair of the distal radius fracture with internal fixation, as described, is 25675."

What is a characteristic of a minerals

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The physical characteristics of minerals include traits which are used to identify and describe mineral species. These traits include color, streak, luster, density, hardness, cleavage, fracture, tenacity, and crystal habit.

how do cells tissues organs and organ systems work together in a multicellular organism

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Levels of organization in multicellular organisms include cells, tissues, organs,organ systems, and the organism itself. Different tissues working together to perform a particular function represent another level of organization, the organ. The eye is an organ that functions with the tarsier's brain to allow sight. Hope this was simple enough for u
Final answer:

In a multicellular organism, cells of similar types form tissues. Various tissues working in unison form an organ and several organs functioning together make up an organ system. All organ systems work collectively to form a complete, functioning organism.

Explanation:

In a multicellular organism, cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems work together harmoniously to ensure the survival and well-being of the organism. Starting at the smallest level, cells of a similar type join together to perform shared functions, forming a tissue. An example of this is muscle tissue, which is made up of multiple muscle cells.

When several tissues work together to perform a complex function, they form an organ. A good example of this is the heart, which contains muscle tissue, connective tissue, and nervous tissue. Several organs functioning together for a larger role create an organ system. For instance, the heart and blood vessels work together to form the circulatory system.

Finally, all of the organ systems of a multicellular organism work together, each performing their necessary functions, to create a complete, functioning organism. This whole-organism level of organization allows each part to contribute to the life and health of the organism, creating a complex but coordinated entity that can react to stimuli and maintain its own life processes.

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Predict how a glucose test strip and iodine would react to grapes, tomatoes, summer squash, oranges, and bell peppers

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Answer:

Glucose test strip:

To check or analyze the level of sugar or glucose inside the blood medium.The glucose test strip is taken into consideration in order to execute the function or operation for the medical purpose. Now there are different elements which are present inside the blood medium. As we have the glucose molecules inside the molecules of grapes, tomatoes, summer squash and the oranges and bell pepper. So, we will get the following results from the given test.

The glucose strip is of yellow color when no glucose is detected. And in case of the presence of any sugar molecules present it will turn into shades of green.As it will determine the presence of glucose molecules. So, the more the color gets darker the higher will be the concentration of glucose being placed on the strip for measurement purposes.

this kind of cell from a multicellular organism does not have a large central vacuole

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animal cell  hope this helped

Answer: Animal cell

Explanation:

Animal cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. And they form multicellular organisms because they depend upon many different cells for all of its functions.

Plant cells also exists as multicellular organisms, although some of the plants are unicellular. They have a large central vacuole, which is the largest organelle in the cell responsible to maintain the pressure within the plant cell to provide structure by storing water. While animal cells vacuoles perform other functions, assisting in exocytosis and endocytosis. So the main function of vacuoles in animal cells is to remove waste products.  There are many small vacuoles in the animal cell, and they scattered everywhere within the cell.

In one sentence,what is the function of telomerase? Is it required in prokaryotes,eukaryotes or both?

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Telomerase is an enzyme which is responsible for elongation of telomeres by the addition of guanine rich repetitive sequences which prevent the chromosomes from been degraded. T
Telomerase is not required in prokaryotes because most prokaryotes have circular chromosomes.

Francisco wrote these notes on one of the scientists who contributed to cell theory: 1838 Studied plants Used a microscope Concluded that plants are made of cells Who are these notes about? Virchow Schleiden Leeuwenhoek Schwann

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Schleiden in 1838 said plants are made cells

Answer:

b

Explanation:

What is the main purpose of scientific models?

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Some models such as the 3D models are used to help visulize what you are experimenting with others are used to describe something or facts.

Answer:

The scientific models specifically have a role in determining the outcomes in the circumstances where it would not be possible to perform experiments or treatments in order to obtain a result. These models utilize logical deduction and information in order to instigate some of the factors and formulate an outcome on the basis of the input. While these models are hypothetical, they rely upon the proven scientific information and can be close in determining the natural process.

What are small unopened or plugged sebaceous glands that occur in a newborn’s mouth and gums?

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The small unopened or plugged sebaceous glands that occur in a newborn’s mouth and gums are called Epstein's pearls.

Why are bacteria needed in the nitrogen cycle?

Other living things cannot use atmospheric nitrogen.
Other living things cannot use the nitrogen in plants.
Bacteria are the main nitrogen reservoir.
Bacteria are the main nitrogen transporters.

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Selection A is the most accurate. Nitrogen in the atmosphere cannot be used by most living things. For example, plants require nitrogen ions to function, and can only receive it through their roots. Atmospheric nitrogen does not provide an avenue for this uptake. Bacteria provide the nitrogen fixating needed for plants to be able to receive the proper form of nitrogen.

Bacteria are needed in the nitrogen cycle because other living things cannot use atmospheric nitrogen.

Nitrogen fixation

As far as nitrogen fixation is concerned, only bacteria are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen into forms usable by other living organisms.

They convert atmospheric nitrogen into chemical forms usable by plants.

Some bacteria fix nitrogen through symbiotic association with the root nodules of leguminous plants while others fix it by non-symbiotic association.

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These are organisms where the genetic material is not bound by a nucleus. They are usually unicellular.

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Prokaryotes, which the most common type of prokaryote is a bacteria

Answer:

Prokaroyote

Explanation:

Whistling is considered bad luck among mariners because it challenges the wind. Where did this idea most likely come from?

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old wise tales!? my mom said this once

Answer:

The correct answer is - pseudoscience.

Explanation:

Pseudoscience is a study or a fake science that is based on theories that are said to be scientific but have no evidence or scientific fact for it.

It means they can be proved false scientifically and can not be tested or have no evidence to support it.

Thus, the correct answer is - pseudoscience.

Tissue found in the ____________ that contains ____________ cells is called nervous tissue.

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Tissue found in the brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all of the nerves that connect these organs with the rest of the body that contains nerve cells is called nervous tissue. It is a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal.

Final answer:

Nervous tissue consists of neurons and glial cells, specialized for sending and receiving electrochemical signals in the CNS and PNS. It includes gray matter and white matter, with neurons being the primary communicators supported by glial cells.

Explanation:

Tissue found in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) that contains neurons and glial cells is called nervous tissue. Nervous tissue is unique because it is capable of sending and receiving electrochemical signals that provide the body with information. Neurons are responsible for communication through electrical signals and are supported by glial cells, which maintain the environment around the neurons to ensure proper function.

Nervous tissue is characterized by two types of regions within the nervous system structures: gray matter, predominantly containing cell bodies and dendrites, and white matter, composed largely of axons. The myelin sheath, a lipid-rich substance, insulates the axons and gives white matter its characteristic color. This structural organization is essential for the communication function of the nervous system, making neurons the more functionally significant cells.

The __________ on the surface of a cell increase surface area, while the __________ assist with the movement of substances across the surface.

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Micro-villi

actin Filaments

Final answer:

Microvilli increase a cell's surface area for absorption, and cilia help move substances across the cell surface. Microvilli are supported by an actin network and densely packed, whereas cilia are organelles that beat in coordination to transport materials over the epithelial surface.

Explanation:

The microvilli on the surface of a cell increase surface area, while the cilia assist with the movement of substances across the surface. Microvilli are cell surface modifications that contain an actin microfilament network, providing an increased surface for absorption without significantly enlarging the cell's size. Cilia, on the other hand, are projections from the plasma membrane that can beat in a coordinated fashion, moving liquids and particles across the cell surface, as in the epithelial cells of our airways.

Both microvilli and cilia are essential for the cell's interaction with its environment. While microvilli maximize the cell surface area to facilitate efficient nutrient absorption, cilia are involved in the transport of materials along the surface, contributing to processes such as clearing mucus. The Fluid Mosaic Model describes the plasma membrane's ability to allow proteins that help substances cross the membrane, further enhancing cellular function.

What is a mycotoxin

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Mycotoxin may be defined as a type of toxic chemical synthesized by organisms of the kingdom fungi. Such type of toxic chemicals are capable of inducing numerous diseases and death in humans as well as other animals.

What is Fungi?

Fungi may be defined as any constituent of the class of eukaryotic organisms that incorporates microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, etc.

Once the mycotoxins are taken or ingested by humans or other animals, they are known to cause immune system suppression, mutations, cancer, general toxic effects, etc.

Therefore, it is well described above.

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After suffering a head injury, amanda was taken to a medical clinic where recording electrodes were placed directly on amanda's scalp to monitor her brain waves. the clinic was making use of a(n)

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It is most likely that the clinic had Amanda doing an EEG, or an Electroencephalography, which can help to show if there has been any trauma or injury to the brain. An EEG measures electrical activity in the brain by picking up on the signals from the surface of the scalp through electrodes.

how many electrons does calcium have

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Answer: 20 electrons

Final answer:

A neutral calcium atom has 20 electrons, but when it forms a calcium ion (Ca²⁺), it loses two valence electrons, resulting in 18 electrons.

Explanation:

Calcium, with an atomic number of 20, has 20 electrons when it is in its neutral state. However, when calcium forms a cation, it tends to lose all of its valence electrons to achieve the stable electronic configuration of the noble gas that precedes it in the periodic table, which in this case is argon (Ar). As calcium is a group 2 element, it has two valence electrons in its outermost shell (4s²) and when it loses these two electrons, it forms a Ca²⁺ ion with 18 electrons and a 2+ charge. These two electrons can be donated to other elements, such as chlorine, creating ionic compounds like calcium chloride (CaCl₂). Therefore, a neutral calcium atom has 20 electrons, but the calcium ion Ca²⁺ has 18 electrons due to the loss of the two valence electrons.

A patient has severe rheumatoid arthritis affecting her hands. what measures can be taken to facilitate optimum nutrition?

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Rheumatoid arthritis, it is the disease or disorder that affects many joint of the body which includes hands and feet. 

A patient has severe rheumatoid arthritis affecting her hands. Following measures can be taken to facilitate optimum nutrition if a patient has severe rheumatoid arthritis affects on her hands is to determine her food preferences, provide adaptive utensils to her for example with large handles and attach a plate guard to the plate which allows a patient to push the food up against the plate guard.

Which statements are true for dna and rna? check all that apply?

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Answer:

It's A, C and E on Edge.

Describe the conditions under which acclimatization occurs (5 marks)

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An enhanced quality to react to an environmental stress is known as Acclimatization. Usually it is prompted by lengthy experience of stress and anxiety. In case acclimatization occur early in life it is quite possible that it becomes irreversible. In this case it is called developmental acclimatization and an added fact is that it does not run in families.

When making a guess and retesting this information, a theory or ___________ may be formed which explains why something has occurred or what it may look like?

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i think its a hypothesis (let me know if i'm wrong) 

In order to beat, the heart needs three types of cells. describe the cells and their function.

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1. Rhythm generators (SA node)
2. Conductive cells (node cells)
3. Contractile cells (myocardial cells)

A medium has an antibiotic added that inhibits the growth of most bateria. only one species of bacteria can grow on this medium. based on this information, the medium would be functionally classified as

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The medium would be functionally classified as a growth medium. It is because a growth medium is a media that is being use to observe the growth of bacteria such as having to observe whether it would be inhibited or whether it will grow in the media.

Given that acne relates to "oils" on marcus' skin, what accessory skin part do you think is most directly related to acne?

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The accessory skin part that is most directly related to acne is sebaceous glands as this are considered to be an exocrine glands that are responsible of having to secrete substance such as waxy substances or oils in which is a contributing factor of having to produce acne.

The part of the brain whose anatomy is most similar to the spinal cord is the _______.

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brainstem.

The brainstem is the portion of the central nervous system that's located between the spinal cord and the diencephalon and it occupies the posterior cranial fossa in front of the cerebellum. It is divided into three parts: the rachidian bulb, the pons, and the midbrain.
It's in the brainstem that can be found the commanding nucleus of the most basic homeostatic mechanisms such as heart rate, breathing, and nociception.

Doris’s heart suddenly races as a speeding car nearly collides with hers on the highway. which neurotransmitter is playing a role in this response?

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Is the Norepinephrine, or noradrenaline. This is a neurotransmitter but it can also be called of stress hormone. This is the neurotransmitter responsible for the "flight or fight response". When we are faced with anything that's dangerous or scary, as it was with Doris, our body responds working faster because of this neurotransmitter: heart rate inscreases, as happened with Doris, breathing rate increases, pupils dilate, blood flow to skeleton muscles increases, and others...

Final answer:

In response to a near-collision, Doris’s sympathetic nervous system releases norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter that increases heart rate as part of the fight-or-flight response.

Explanation:

The neurotransmitter playing a role in Doris’s response of a racing heart when a speeding car nearly collides with hers on the highway is norepinephrine. Norepinephrine is released by the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress, activating what is known as the fight-or-flight response. This response includes increasing the heart rate, dilating the pupils, and raising blood pressure, all of which prepare the body to deal with a potential threat. The action of norepinephrine on the heart is excitatory, causing an increase in the rate of contractions, which explains why Doris’s heart started racing during the near-collision.

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