Answer:
4. More energy and a different charge.
Electrons in the second shell of a beryllium atom possess more energy due to being further from the nucleus but have the same negative charge as those in the first shell.
When comparing the energy and charge of electrons in different shells of a beryllium (Be) atom, we find that electrons in the first shell (1s) are closer to the nucleus and thus have lower energy than electrons in the second shell (2s and 2p). The second shell is at a higher energy level due to being further away from the nucleus and its electrons experiencing less attractive force because of the shielding effect of the inner-shell electrons. Electron-electron repulsion also impacts the energies of electrons in the atom. Despite the differences in energy levels, the charge on electrons in any shell of an atom remains the same, negative in nature.
Therefore, compared to the electrons in the first shell of a Be atom, the electrons in the second shell have more energy but the same charge. This leads us to the correct answer to the student's question: (3) more energy and the same charge.
The pK of acetic acid is pK = 4.76. For a 0.1 M solution of acetic acid at a pH = 4.76 what is the concentration of [H+]?
Answer:
[H+] = 1.74 x 10⁻⁵
Explanation:
By definition pH = -log [H+]
Therefore, given the pH, all we have to do is solve algebraically for [H+] :
[H+] = antilog ( -pH ) = 10^-4.76 = 1.74 x 10⁻⁵
Final answer:
The concentration of [H+] in a 0.1 M solution of acetic acid at a pH of 4.76 is 1.32 × 10^-3 M.
Explanation:
The concentration of [H+] in a 0.1 M solution of acetic acid at a pH of 4.76 can be calculated using the equation Ka = [H+][CH3COO-]/[CH3COOH]. Since the pK of acetic acid is 4.76, it means that at this pH, [H+] will be equal to [CH3COO-]. Substituting the values, we get [H+] = [CH3COO-] = 1.32 × 10^-3 M. Therefore, the concentration of [H+] in the solution is 1.32 × 10^-3 M.
According to the law of multiple proportions, when water forms, the mass ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is variable.
Answer & Explanation:
The law of multiple proportion states that two elements A and B can react with each other to form multiple compounds while one of the two elements remain fixed.
For Example
Hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form:
Water (H2O)
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
The Law of Multiple Proportions states that the mass ratio of elements in different compounds is a simple whole number ratio. In the case of water, the mass ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is always 1:8.
Explanation:The Law of Multiple Proportions is a principle in chemistry that states that when two elements combine to form different compounds, the ratio of their masses will be a simple whole number ratio. In the case of water, the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen by mass is always 2:16 or 1:8. This means that for every 1 gram of hydrogen in water, there are 8 grams of oxygen. The mass ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in water is therefore constant, not variable.
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PLEASE HELP & SHOW WORK
i will really really appreciate it, i am stuck!!
1) 5 grams of N2 -----> mol N2
2) 4.0*10^23 molecules of N2 to atoms of N
3) 1.2 mol N2 to molecules of N2
4) How much does 4.5*10^24 atoms of carbon weigh? (you are looking for grams)
5) Number of atoms in 1.3g of NaCl
6) Number of molecules of water (H20) in 500mL
Answer:
1. 0.178 moles ; 2. 8x10²³ atoms ; 3. 7.22x10²³ molecules ; 4. 89.6 g ; 5. 1.34x10²² atoms ; 6. 1.67x10²⁵ molecules
Explanation:
1. Mass / Molar mass = Mol
5g / 28 g/m = 0.178 moles
2. 1 molecule of N₂ has 2 atoms, it is a dyatomic molecule.
4x10²³ x2 = 8x10²³ atoms
3. 1 mol of anything, has 6.02x10²³ particles
6.02x10²³ molecules . 1.2 mol = 7.22x10²³
4. 1 atom of C weighs 12 amu.
4.5x10²⁴ weigh ( 4.5x10²⁴ . 12) = 5.24x10²⁵ amu
1 amu = 1.66054x10⁻²⁴g
5.24x10²⁵ amu = (5.24x10²⁵ . 1.66054x10⁻²⁴) = 89.6 g
5. Molar mass NaCl = 58.45 g/m
1.3 g / 58.45 g/m = 0.0222 moles
1 mol has 6.02x10²³ atoms
0.0222 moles → ( 0.0222 . 6.02x10²³) = 1.34x10²²
6. Density of water is 1 g/mL, so 500 mL are contained in 500 g of water
Molar mass H₂O = 18 g/m
500 g / 18 g/m = 27.8 moles
6.02x10²³ molecules . 27.8 moles = 1.67x10²⁵
how is temperature a factor in cloud seeding
Explanation:
In order for water to condense from vapor to liquid, the temperature of the air must be at or below the dew point, and there must be condensation nuclei present. The seeding provides the nuclei, but the air temperature must also be below the temperature at which the air is saturated with water vapor.
What is the total number of grams of H20 produced when 116 grams of the product, Naci, is formed?
A) 36 9g
B) 54 9
C) 18 g
D) 9.0 g
Answer:
A) 36 g
Explanation:
From the source, some values have been correct.
Given that;-
Mass of NaCl formed = 116 grams
Molar mass of NaCl = 58 g/mol
Moles of NaCl = [tex]\frac{Mass}{Molar\ mass}=\frac{116}{58}\ mol=2\ mol[/tex]
According to the reaction shown below:-
[tex]HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O[/tex]
1 mole of NaCl and 1 mole of [tex]H_2O[/tex] are produced upon reaction.
So,
2 moles of NaCl and 2 moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex] are produced upon reaction.
Moles of water = 2 moles
Molar mass of water = 18 g/mol
Mass = [tex]Moles\times Molar\ mass=2\times 18\ g=36\ g[/tex]
36 g of [tex]H_2O[/tex] is produced.
how many grams of turpentine are consumed to produce 569g of carbon with C10H16+_8Cl=10C+16HCl
Answer:
644.2918 g of turpentine are consumed.
Explanation:
Calculation of the moles of [tex]C[/tex] as:-
Mass = 569 g
Molar mass of carbon = 12.0107 g/mol
The formula for the calculation of moles is shown below:
[tex]moles = \frac{Mass\ taken}{Molar\ mass}[/tex]
Thus,
[tex]Moles= \frac{569\ g}{12.0107\ g/mol}[/tex]
[tex]Moles_{C}= 47.3744\ mol[/tex]
According to the given reaction:-
[tex]C_{10}H_{16}+8Cl_2\rightarrow 10C+16HCl[/tex]
10 moles of C are produced when 1 mole of turpentine undergoes reaction
1 mole of C are produced when [tex]\frac{1}{10}[/tex] mole of turpentine undergoes reaction
47.3744 moles of C are produced when [tex]\frac{1}{10}\times 47.3744[/tex] moles of turpentine undergoes reaction
Moles of turpentine = 4.73744 moles
Molar mass of turpentine = 136 g/mol
[tex]Mass=Moles\times Molar\ mass=4.73744\ moles\times 136\ g/mol=644.2918\ g[/tex]
644.2918 g of turpentine are consumed.
Language of chemistry
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Pico(p) has a value of 10^-12.
Nano(n) has a value of 10^-9.
A. 374ps= 374×10^-12 s
B. 3.74ps= 374×10^-14 s
C. 374ns= 374×10^-9 s
What is the molarity of a nano3 solution if 25.0 ml of a 0.200 m nano3 solution is diluted?
samples of matter that contain only one type of element or compound. However, mixtures—samples of matter containing two or more substances physically combined—are more commonly encountered in nature than are pure substances. Similar to a pure substance, the relative composition of a mixture plays an important role in determining its properties. The relative amount of oxygen in a planet’s atmosphere determines its ability to sustain aerobic life. The relative amounts of iron, carbon, nickel, and other elements in steel (a mixture known as an “alloy”) determine its physical strength and resistance to corrosion. The relative amount of the active ingredient in a medicine determines its effectiveness in achieving the desired pharmacological effect. The relative amount of sugar in a beverage determines its sweetness. In this section, we will describe one of the most common ways in which the relative compositions of mixtures may be quantified.
__________ is the process where chemical ions are transported along the intact skin by an electrical current.
Answer:
Ionotophoresis
Explanation:
Ionotophoresis is the process when "chemical ions are transported through intact skin using electrical current"and is usually used to treat skin infections or in order to create other benefits to the skin.
In order to use this method we need to use a low voltage current direct and we need to ensure a continuous mode with a long pulse duration in order to the ions can flow through the surface of interest.
So then the answer would be:
Ionotophoresis is the process where chemical ions are transported along the intact skin by an electrical current.
A container holds oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen gas. The nitrogen gas has a partial pressure of 0.88 atm, while occupying 15% of the container’s volume. If the oxygen gas occupies 57% of the container’s volume, what is the partial pressure of the hydrogen gas in the container? a. 0.88 atm b. 1.64 atm c. 3.34 atm
Answer:
The partial pressure of hydrogen gas = 1.64 atm
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
partial pressure of nitrogen = 0.88 atm
Nitrogen occupies 15% of the volume (Let's assume the volume is 1L)
Oxygen gas occupies 57 % of the volume
Step 2: Calculate % volume of hydrogen
100 % - 15% - 57 % = 28 %
Step 2:
P1/V1 = P2/V2
⇒ with p1 = the partial pressure of nitrogen = 0.88 atm
⇒ with V1 = the volme occupied by nitrogen = 15% ( assume 0.15 L)
⇒ with P2 = the partial pressure of hydrogen = TO BE DETERMINED
⇒ with V2 = the volume occupied by hydrogen = 28 % = 0.28 L
0.88/ 0.15 = X/0.28
X = 1.64 atm
The partial pressure of hydrogen gas = 1.64 atm
The dentist and at least one other dental auxiliary must be present, in the treatment room, during the administration of nitrous oxide
Answer: The dentist and at least one other dental auxiliary must be present, in the treatment room, during the administration of nitrous oxide. True.
Explanation: there is a minimum standard of care while performing nitrous oxide inhalation by a medical personnel and in addition shall maintain under continuous direct supervision auxiliary personnel who shall be capable of reasonably assisting in procedures, problems and emergencies incident to the used of nitrous oxide inhalation sedation.
As the number of covalent bonds between two atoms increases the distance between the atoms,the distance between the atoms_______ and the strength of the bond between them_______.
a) increases,increases.
b) is unprecdictable.
c) increases,decreases.
d) decreases,decreases.
e) decreases,increases.
Answer:
E
Explanation:
As the number of covalent bonds increase, atoms are drawn closer together hence the distance between the atoms decreases. However, the strength of the bonds increases. The bond energy of nitrogen gas (N2) is high because of the strong triple bond between its atoms hence the gas is inert.
As the number of covalent bonds between two atoms increases, the distance between the atoms decreases and the strength of the bond between them increases.
Explanation:As the number of covalent bonds between two atoms increases, the distance between the atoms decreases and the strength of the bond between them increases. Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons. The stronger the bond, the shorter the distance between the atoms.
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Copper(II) chloride and lead(II) nitrate react in aqueous solutions by double replacement. Write the balanced chemical equation, the overall ionic equation, and the net ionic equation for this reaction. If 11.95 g of copper(II) chloride react, what is the maximum amount of precipitate that could be formed?
Answer:
Balanced chemical equation:
CuCl₂(aq) + Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) → Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + PbCl₂(s)
Overall ionic equation:
Cu²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) + Pb²⁺(aq) + 2NO₃⁻(aq) → Cu²⁺(aq) + 2NO₃⁻(aq) + PbCl₂(s)
Net ionic equation:
2Cl⁻(aq) + Pb²⁺(aq) → PbCl₂(s)
Amount of precipitate:
24.72 g
Explanation:
First, let's identify the compounds and the products of the reaction. Copper(II) chloride is CuCl₂, and lead(II) nitrate is Pb(NO₃)₂, after the reaction the products will be PbCl₂ and Cu(NO₃)₂, the first one is an insoluble salt, which will precipitate, and the second one is a soluble salt. So, the balanced chemical equation will be:
CuCl₂(aq) + Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) → Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + PbCl₂(s)
The ionic equation is done by putting the ions that are presented when the compound ionization at the aqueous solution. The metals have their charged expressed in the name of the compound, and chloride and nitrate have charge -1:
Cu²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) + Pb²⁺(aq) + 2NO₃⁻(aq) → Cu²⁺(aq) + 2NO₃⁻(aq) + PbCl₂(s)
The net ionic equation is the simplified ionic equation. So let's eliminate the ions that are presented on both sides of the equation:
2Cl⁻(aq) + Pb²⁺(aq) → PbCl₂(s)
The stoichiometry of the reaction is 1 mol of CuCl₂ for 1 mol of PbCl₂(the precipitate). The molar mass of the compounds are:
CuCl₂ = 134.452 g/mol
PbCl₂ = 278.106 g/mol
1 mol of CuCl₂ ------------ 1 mol of PbCl₂
Transforming in mass:
134.452 g of CuCl₂ ----------------- 278.106 g of PbCl₂
11.95 g of CuCl₂ ---------------- x
By a simple direct three rule:
134.452x = 3323.3667
x = 24.72 g of PbCl₂
Balanced chemical equation:
CuCl₂(aq) + Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) → Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + PbCl₂(s)
Overall ionic equation:
Cu²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) + Pb²⁺(aq) + 2NO₃⁻(aq) → Cu²⁺(aq) + 2NO₃⁻(aq) + PbCl₂(s)
Net ionic equation:
2Cl⁻(aq) + Pb²⁺(aq) → PbCl₂(s)
The maximum amount of precipitate that could be formed is 24.72 g.
Balanced chemical reaction:Copper(II) chloride is CuCl₂, and lead(II) nitrate is Pb(NO₃)₂, these react together with to form PbCl₂ and Cu(NO₃)₂. The balanced chemical equation will be:
CuCl₂(aq) + Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) → Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) + PbCl₂(s)
The metals have their charged expressed in the name of the compound, and chloride and nitrate have charge -1. The ionic equation will be:
Cu²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq) + Pb²⁺(aq) + 2NO₃⁻(aq) → Cu²⁺(aq) + 2NO₃⁻(aq) + PbCl₂(s)
Net-ionic equation:
2Cl⁻(aq) + Pb²⁺(aq) → PbCl₂(s)
The stoichiometry of the reaction is 1 mol of CuCl₂ for 1 mol of PbCl₂(the precipitate). The molar mass of the compounds are:
CuCl₂ = 134.452 g/mol
PbCl₂ = 278.106 g/mol
1 mol of CuCl₂ ------------> 1 mol of PbCl₂
Converting to mass:
134.452 g of CuCl₂ ----------------- 278.106 g of PbCl₂
11.95 g of CuCl₂ ---------------- x g
134.452x = 3323.3667
x = 24.72 g of PbCl₂
The maximum amount of precipitate that could be formed is 24.72 g.
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Diets high in trans and what other type of fatty acid contribute to chronic diseases, including heart disease and cancer?
Answer: Saturated Fatty Acids
Explanation: Saturated fats are one's in which fatty Acids chains
Largely or totally contains a single bond. Most animal fats contains high proportion of Saturated Fatty acid such as milk, cheese and butter. Foods like pizza, sausage also have high proportion of Saturated Fatty acid.
Determine the oxidation number for the indicated element in each of the following compounds: (a) Co in LiCoO2, (b) Al in NaAlH4, (c) C in CH3OH (methanol), (d) N in GaN, (e) Cl in HClO2, (f) Cr in BaCrO4.
The oxidation numbers for the elements Co, Al, C, N, Cl, and Cr in the given compounds are +3, -3, -2, -3, +1, and +6 respectively.
Explanation:The oxidation numbers for the elements in the compounds are determined as follows:
(a) In LiCoO2, Co has an oxidation number of +3, as lithium contributes +1 and each of the two oxygen atoms contribute -2.
(b) In NaAlH4, Al has an oxidation number of -3, as sodium contributes +1, while hydrogen as a metal hydride contributes -1 each adding up to -4.
(c) In CH3OH, C has an oxidation number of -2, as hydrogen contributes +1 each from the three hydrogen atoms and the fourth hydrogen attached to oxygen contributes -1 and oxygen contributes -2.
(d) In GaN, N has an oxidation number of -3, as gallium contributes +3.
(e) In HClO2, Cl has an oxidation number of +1, as hydrogen contributes +1, and each of the two oxygen atoms contribute -2.
(f) In BaCrO4, Cr has an oxidation number of +6, as barium contributes +2 and each of the four oxygen atoms contribute -2.
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The oxidation numbers for the given elements in their compounds are as follows: Co in LiCoO₂ is +3, Al in NaAlH₄ is +3, C in CH₃OH is -2, N in GaN is -3, Cl in HClO₂ is +3, and Cr in BaCrO₄ is +6.
(a) Co in LiCoO₂: The oxidation number of Co is +3. This is because Lithium (Li) has an oxidation number of +1, and Oxygen (O) has an oxidation number of -2. Since the molecule LiCoO₂ is neutral, the sum of oxidation numbers is zero. Letting 'x' be the oxidation number of Co, we get: 1(+1) + x + 2(-2) = 0, which simplifies to x = +3.
(b) Al in NaAlH₄: The oxidation number of Al is +3. This is because Sodium (Na) has an oxidation number of +1, and Hydrogen (H) has an oxidation number of -1. Since the molecule NaAlH₄ is neutral, the sum of oxidation numbers is zero. Letting 'x' be the oxidation number of Al, we get: 1(+1) + x + 4(-1) = 0, which simplifies to x = +3.
(c) C in CH₃OH (methanol): The oxidation number of C is -2. This is because Hydrogen (H) has an oxidation number of +1, and Oxygen (O) has an oxidation number of -2. Since the molecule CH₃OH is neutral, the sum of oxidation numbers is zero. Letting 'x' be the oxidation number of C, we get: 4(+1) + x + 1(-2) = 0, which simplifies to x = -2.
(d) N in GaN: The oxidation number of N is -3. This is because Gallium (Ga) has an oxidation number of +3. Since the molecule GaN is neutral, the sum of oxidation numbers is zero. Letting 'x' be the oxidation number of N, we get: 1(+3) + x = 0, which simplifies to x = -3.
(e) Cl in HClO₂: The oxidation number of Cl is +3. This is because Hydrogen (H) has an oxidation number of +1, and Oxygen (O) has an oxidation number of -2. Since the molecule HClO₂ is neutral, the sum of oxidation numbers is zero. Letting 'x' be the oxidation number of Cl, we get: 1(+1) + x + 2(-2) = 0, which simplifies to x = +3.
(f) Cr in BaCrO₄: The oxidation number of Cr is +6. This is because Barium (Ba) has an oxidation number of +2, and Oxygen (O) has an oxidation number of -2. Since the molecule BaCrO₄ is neutral, the sum of oxidation numbers is zero. Letting 'x' be the oxidation number of Cr, we get: 1(+2) + x + 4(-2) = 0, which simplifies to x = +6.
Which of the following molecules will have the highest Rf value when studied with thin-layer chromatography using a silica plate?
A. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
B. HOCH2CH2CH2CH3
C. HOCH2CH2CH2OH
D. HOOCCH2CH2CH3
The substance with the highest Rf value in thin-layer chromatography using a silica plate would be CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 (A), because it is the least polar, and thus has lesser degree of interaction with the silica plate, allowing it to travel furthest. Option A
The substance with the highest Rf value in thin-layer chromatography using a silica plate would be the least polar. Rf value depends on the polarity of the substance and the solvent; the less polar the substance, the higher its Rf value. Thin-layer chromatography, or TLC, is a method used in chemistry to separate mixtures.
It works because different compounds in a mixture have different affinities for the stationary phase (silica in this case) and the mobile phase (the solvent).
In this case, we have (A) CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3, (B) HOCH2CH2CH2CH3, (C) HOCH2CH2CH2OH, and (D) HOOCCH2CH2CH3. Molecules B, C, and D all contain a polar -OH group, which would lead to hydrogen bonding with the silica plate, slowing their movement along the plate and decreasing their Rf values.
Molecule A, however, is nonpolar, as it is composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen atoms which have similar electronegativities resulting in minimal polarity. Thus, molecule A will travel furthest and hence have the highest Rf value when using a silica plate in TLC.
Option A
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A 10.0-gram sample of liquid water at 23.0°C absorbs 209 joules of heat.
What is the final temperature of the liquid water sample?
a) 5.0°C b) 28.0°C c) 18.0°C d) 50.0°C
Answer:
The final temperature of the water is 28.0 °C
Explanation:
Step 1: Data given
Mass of liquid water = 10.0 grams
Temperature = 23.0 °C
Heat absorbed = 209 Joules
Since heat was absorbed by the water, you must have a positive value for
Δ T
Step 2: Calculate final temperature
q = m*c* ΔT
⇒ with m = the mass of the water = 10.0 grams
⇒ with c = the specific heat of water = 4.184 J/g°C
⇒ with ΔT = The change in temperature = T2 - T1 = T2 - 23.0 °C
⇒ with q = the heat absorbed = 209 Joule
209 = 10.0 * 4.184 * ΔT
ΔT = 5
ΔT = 5 = T2 - 23
T2 = 28 °C
The final temperature of the water is 28.0 °C
The final temperature of the liquid water sample is 28.0°C.
Explanation:The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/(g°C). To find the final temperature of the water sample, we can use the equation:
q = mcΔT
Where q is the heat absorbed, m is the mass of the water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
Given that m = 10.0 grams, ΔT = final temperature - 23.0°C, and q = 209 joules, we can rearrange the equation to solve for the final temperature:
209 joules = (10.0 grams)(4.184 J/(g°C))(final temperature - 23.0°C)
Simplifying the equation gives:
final temperature - 23.0°C = 209 joules / (10.0 grams)(4.184 J/(g°C))
final temperature - 23.0°C = 4.9886854°C
final temperature = 28.0°C
4.0 L of He(g), 6.0 L of N2(g), and 10. L of Ar(g), all at 0°C and 1.0 atm, are pumped into an evacuated 8.0 L rigid container, the final pressure in the container at 0°C is
Answer:
The final pressure in the container at 0°C is 2.49 atm
Explanation:
We apply the Ideal Gases law to know the global pressure.
We need to know, the moles of each:
P He . V He = moles of He . R . 273K
(1atm . 4L) / R . 273K = moles of He → 0.178 moles
P N₂ . V N₂ = moles of N₂ . R . 273K
(1atm . 6L) / R . 273K = moles of N₂ → 0.268 moles
P Ar . V Ar = moles of Ar . R . 273K
(1atm . 10L) / R . 273K = moles of Ar → 0.446 moles
Total moles: 0.892 moles
P . 8L = 0.892 mol . R . 273K
P = ( 0.892 . R . 273K) / 8L = 2.49 atm
R = 0.082 L.atm/mol.K
The final pressure in the evacuation container at 0 °C is 2.499 atm
To solve this question, we'll begin by calculating the number of mole of each gas. This can be obtained as follow:
For He:Volume (V) = 4 L
Pressure (P) = 1 atm
Gas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol
Temperature (T) = 0 °C = 273 K
Number of mole (n) =? PV = nRT1 × 4 = n × 0.0821 × 273
4 = n × 22.4133
Divide both side by 22.4133
n = 4 / 22.4133
n = 0.178 mole For N₂:Volume (V) = 6 L
Pressure (P) = 1 atm
Gas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol
Temperature (T) = 0 °C = 273 K
Number of mole (n) =? PV = nRT1 × 6 = n × 0.0821 × 273
6 = n × 22.4133
Divide both side by 22.4133
n = 6 / 22.4133
n = 0.268 mole For Ar:Volume (V) = 10 L
Pressure (P) = 1 atm
Gas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol
Temperature (T) = 0 °C = 273 K
Number of mole (n) =?PV = nRT
1 × 10 = n × 0.0821 × 273
10 = n × 22.4133
Divide both side by 22.4133
n = 10 / 22.4133
n = 0.446 moleNext, we shall determine the total moles of the gas in the container.
Mole of He = 0.178 mole
Mole of N₂ = 0.268 mole
Mole of Ar = 0.446 mole
Total mole =?Total mole = 0.178 + 0.268 + 0.446
Total mole = 0.892 moleFinally, we shall determine the pressure in evacuation container. This can be obtained as follow:
Volume (V) = 8 L
Gas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol
Temperature (T) = 0 °C = 273 K
Number of mole (n) = 0.892 mole
Pressure (P) =? PV = nRTP × 8 = 0.892 × 0.0821 × 273
P × 8 = 19.993
Divide both side by 8
P = 19.993 / 8
P = 2.499 atmTherefore, the final pressure in the evacuation container at 0 °C is 2.499 atm
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If 4.00 moles of oxygen gas, 3.00 moles of hydrogen gas, and 1.00 mole of nitrogen gas are combined in a closed container at standard pressure, what is the partial pressure exerted by the hydrogen gas?
Answer:
Partial pressure of H₂ is 0.375 atm
Explanation:
We apply the mole fraction to solve this.
Standard pressure is 1 atm
Mole fraction of a gas = Moles of gas / Total moles
Mole fraction of pressure = Partial pressure of gas / Total pressure
Both values are the same
Total moles = 4 moles of O₂ + 3 moles of H₂ and 1 mol of N₂ = 8 moles
3 moles H₂ / 8 moles = Partial pressure H₂ / 1 atm
(3 / 8 ) .1 = 0.375 atm → Partial pressure of H₂
The partial pressure exerted by the hydrogen gas, H₂ in the container is 0.375 atm
We'll begin by calculating the mole fraction of H₂ in the gas mixture. this can be obtained as follow:
Mole of O₂ = 4 moles
Mole of H₂ = 3 moles
Mole of N₂ = 1 mole
Total mole = 4 + 3 + 1 = 8 moles
Mole fraction of H₂ = ?[tex]mole \: fraction \: = \frac{mole \: of \: gas}{total \: mole} \\ \\ = \frac{3}{8} \\ \\ [/tex]
Mole fraction of H₂ = 0.375 Finally, we shall determine the partial pressure of H₂ .This can be obtained as illustrated below:Mole fraction of H₂ = 0.375
Total pressure = STP = 1 atm
Partial pressure of H₂ = ?Partial pressure = mole fraction × Total Pressure
Partial pressure of H₂ = 0.375 × 1
Partial pressure of H₂ = 0.375 atmTherefore, the partial pressure of H₂ in the container is 0.375 atm
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ClO2- + HCOOH(aq) ---- HClO2 (aq) + HCOO-(aq) Keq<1 what are the relative strengths of the acids and bases in the reaction represented by the equation above ?Acid stength Base strengthA. HClO2< HCOOH ClO2-< HCOO-B. HClO2> HCOOH ClO2< HCOO-
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The species on the right are the more stable acids and bases. A weak acid always has a strong conjugate base as in HCOO- and HCOOH. The acid is a weak acid because it has a strong conjugate base. Similarly, a strong acid has a weak conjugate base as in ClO2- and HClO2. ClO2- is a weak base hence it quickly abstracts a proton to form the acid.
HClO₂ is a stronger acid than HCOOH, and ClO₂⁻ is a weaker base than HCOO⁻. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
To determine the relative strengths of acids and bases in the given reaction:
ClO₂⁻ + HCOOH → HClO₂ + HCOO⁻
We use the Brønsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases. According to the reaction and knowing that equilibrium constants (Keq) of less than one (<1) favor reactants:
Acid strength: Since the reaction lies more towards the reactants (HCOOH and ClO₂⁻), this implies that HClO₂ is a stronger acid than HCOOH.Base strength: Similarly, ClO₂⁻ is a weaker base than HCOO⁻.Thus, the correct answer is: B. HClO₂ > HCOOH, ClO₂⁻ < HCOO⁻
3. A Beer's law plot for Cu2+ was experimentally obtained. The slope of the Beer's law plot was 435 L/mol (with a y-intercept = 0.001). A Cu2+ solution of unknown concentration had an absorbance of 0.75. What is the molar concentration of Cu2+ in the unknown solution?
Beer's law states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to its concentration. Given the molar absorptivity and absorbance for a Cu2+ solution, we can calculate the concentration to be approximately 0.00172 M.
Explanation:The subject of this question is Beer's Law in the field of chemistry. Beer's Law states that the absorbance of a solution is directly proportional to its concentration, and mathematically it can be expressed as A = εcl. In this formula, A is the absorbance of the solution, ε is the molar absorptivity (the slope in the Beer's law plot), c is the concentration of the solution, and l is the length of the light path through the solution.
In your case, you have been given the slope (ε) from the Beer's law plot, which is 435 L/mol, and the absorbance (A) of the Cu2+ solution, which is 0.75. You need to find the concentration (c), so you can rearrange the formula to c = A / ε.
Substituting the given values into this equation gives: c = 0.75 / 435 = 0.0017241379310344827586206896551724 M
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SLO Demonstrate use of dimensional analysis converting from one unit to another through the mole Directions: Answer the following questions. Set-up all problems using the factor-label method of dimensional analysis and show all your work and units. 1. What volume would be occupied by 9.45 x 10²⁴ molecules of CO₂ gas at STP? 2. How many calcium atoms would be in a 100 gram sample of calcium metal? How many grams are in 5.6 x 10²³ atoms of Zinc? 3. Calculate the number of molecules in 4.56-g of Pb(NO₃)₂.
Answer:
1. 351.62L
2. 15.05 * 10^23 molecules
3. 54.6g
4. 8.29 * 10^21 molecules
Explanation:
1. First we will need to calculate the number of moles present in such number of molecules. We know that one mole contains 6.02 * 10^23 molecules. Hence to calculate the number of moles in 9.45 * 10^24 carbon iv oxide Miley, we simply divide. And that is (9.45 * 10^24) / ( 6.02 * 10^23) = 15.7 moles
At s.t.p, a mole of a gas will occupy a volume of 22.L. Hence 15.7 moles will occupy a volume of 15.7 * 22.4 = 351.62L
2. We first need to calculate the number of moles of calcium metal present in 100g. To do this we simply divide the mass by the atomic mass of calcium. The atomic mass of calcium is 40 amu. The number of moles is thus 100/40 = 2.5 moles
One mole contains 6.02 * 10^23 number of molecules. Hence 2.5 moles will contain 2.5 * 6.02 * 10^23 = 15.05 * 10^23 molecules
3. Firstly we need to calculate the number of moles contained in those number of molecules. What we simply need do is to divide by 6.02 * 10^23
Since the power of 10 is same, we simply divide 5.06 by 6.02 = 0.84 moles
To get the mass, we simply multiply by the atomic mass of zinc. The atomic mass of zinc is 65a.m.u
The mass is thus 0.84 * 65 = 54.6g
4. Firstly we will need to calculate the number of moles here. To do this we divide the mass by the molar mass. The molar mass of lead nitrate is 331g/mol
The number of moles is thus 4.56/331 = 0.014 moles
1 mole contains 6.02 * 10^23 molecules, then 0.014 moles will contain 0.014 * 6.02 * 10^23 molecules = 8.29 * 10^21 molecules
In the reaction of silver nitrate with sodium chloride, how many grams of silver chloride will be produced from 100. g of silver nitrate when it is mixed with an excess of sodium chloride? The equation for the reaction is below. AgNO3(aq)+ NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)
Answer:
85g
Explanation:
Firstly, from the balanced equation, we can see that one mole of silver nitrate yielded one mole of silver chloride. This is the theoretical relation. We need to get the actual relation. To do this, we will first need to get the number of moles of silver nitrate.
The number of moles is the mass of silver nitrate divided by the molar mass of silver nitrate. The molar mass of silver nitrate is 108 + 14 + 3(16) = 108 + 14 + 48 = 170g/mol
The number of moles is thus 100/170 = 0.59 moles
Since the mole ratio is 1 to 1, the number of moles of silver chloride produced too is 0.59 moles.
To get the mass of silver chloride produced, we simply multiply the number of moles of silver chloride by the molar mass of silver chloride. The molar mass of silver chloride is 108 + 35.5 = 143.5g/mol
The mass is thus = 143.5 * 0.59 = 84.67g
Aqueous solutions of sodium sulfide and copper(II) chloride are mixed together. Which statement is correct?
A. CuS will precipitate from solution.
B. No reaction will occur.
C. NaCl will precipitate from solution.
D. A gas is released.
E. Both NaCl and CuS precipitate from solution.
Answer:
Correct statement is A.
Explanation:
Let's see the reactions:
2Na⁺ + S⁻² → Na₂S (aq)
This salt is soluble
CuCl₂ (aq) → Cu²⁺ + 2Cl⁻
This is an insoluble salt.
Cu²⁺ (aq) + 2Cl⁻ (aq) + 2Na⁺ (aq) + S⁻² (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + CuS (s) ↓
No molecules or gas are formed. (Option D, FALSE)
NaCl does not precipitate, because it'a soluble salt (OPTION E or C are false)
Option B is also false. There is a reaction, of precipitation.
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
Firstly, let’s write a chemical equation for the observation:
Na2S + CuCl2 → CuS + 2NaCl
It should be noted that the copper sulphide is a solid and the sodium chloride is in the aqueous form.
B. Is incorrect. A chemical reaction will occur. The chemical reaction will yield copper sulphide and aqueous sodium chloride.
C. is incorrect. Sodium chloride is in the solution form and cannot precipitate in that form.
D. Is incorrect as no gas is released
E. Is incorrect, only copper sulphide will precipitate.
What is true for all exergonic reactions?
Answer:
The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy.
Explanation:
Exergonic reactions: It is known as the chemical reaction where the change in the free energy is occur negative or there is a net release of free energy, and indicating a spontaneous reaction. For the processes this takes place under constant temperature, and pressure conditions.
The Gibbs free energy is used whereas the processes which takes place under constant volume, and temperature conditions, and their Helmholtz energy is used. Cellular respiration is the example of an exergonic reaction.
What element has 5 occupied principal energy levels
Answer:
Group 3-12 transition metals has 5 occupied principal energy levels
Explanation:
The group 3-12 transition metal includes rubidium, strontium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, indium, tin, antimony, tellurium, iodine, xenon. The elements can also go beyond the 5th principal energy level. The filling of the orbital always depends on the atomic number of the atom. The orbitals filled with the electrons in the ascending order of the energy of the orbitals. The starting element of the period of the the periodic table shows the new principal energy level.
I don’t understand how to find these please help
Answer:
8 shared electrons
Explanation:
When you are looking for the number of shared electrons via the equation:
S = N-A
Where:
S = means the shared electrons
N = Needed electrons
A = available electrons
"Needed electrons" means how many electrons does it need to have a noble gas configuration, in this case, to complete the octet rule.
"Available electrons" means how many valence electrons is actually available considering the compound or the elements involved in the compound.
To get the needed electrons, treat the elements involved separately. We have a silicon (Si) atom and 4 chlorine (chlorine) atoms in this compound. Let's list it down first:
Number of atoms
Si 1
Cl 4
Next step is to determine how many electrons should it have in its outer shell to achieve the octet rule. Both of them in this case would be 8. Multiply that by the number of atoms and add up the needed electrons to determine how many you will need for this particular compound.
Number of atoms Electrons to achieve Octet Needed
Si 1 x 8 = 8
Cl 4 x 8 = 32
TOTAL: 40
This is now our N. N = 40 electrons
Next step is to determine how many we actually have. Your clue in determining how many valence electrons the atom has is the group. Silicon is in Group 4A, this means it has 4 valence electrons. Chlorine is in Group7A, so ths means it has 7 valence electrons.
So first we write the number of atoms again, then in the next column, you write down the actual number of valence electrons and multiply them. Sum it up to see how many electrons available in this particular compound.
Number of atoms Valence electrons Available
Si 1 x 4 = 4
Cl 4 x 7 = 28
TOTAL: 32
This is now our A. A = 32 electrons
Now we apply this:
S = N - A
N = 40 electrons
A = 32 electrons
S = 40 - 32 = 8
Number of shared electrons is 8
Which of the following techniques is most appropriate for the recovery of solid KNO3 from an aqueous solution of KNO3?A. Paper chromatographyB. FiltrationC. TitrationD. ElectrolysisE. Evaporation to dryness
Answer:
E. Evaporation to dryness
Explanation:
E. - Evaporation to dryness is the best method for the recovery of solid KNO3 from an aqueous solution of KNO3.
(KNO3 is very soluble, and will violently decompose if overheated.)
Paper chromatography is for separation of different weight molecules in solution.
B. Filtration won't work on a solution
C.Titration would contaminate the salt with something else and is used
to determine concentrations
D. Electrolysis would destroy the salt
Answer:
E
Explanation:
_____ is formed when fossil fuels or turpentine are incompletely burned in the presence of sunlight.
Answer:
Smog
Explanation:
Smog is formed when fossil fuels or turpentine are incompletely burned in the presence of sunlight.
Smog is type of highly dirty air that contain various impurity in it. A form of visible air pollution consists of oxides of ammonia, sulfur , asbestos, haze, and other particulate matter. Man-made smog is derived from emissions from coal burning, vehicle emissions, industrial emissions, forest and agricultural fires, as well as photochemical reactions from these emissions.
Answer:
smog
Explanation:
Thermal decomposition of sodium azide (NaN₃) into nitrogen gas and sodium metal is used to inflate car airbags. The reaction proceeds by the following chemical reaction.
2NaN₃(s)⟶3N₂(g)+2Na(s)
How many grams of NaN₃ are need to inflate a 10.00L airbag with nitrogen gas at 1.000 atm and 273.15 K assuming ideal gas behavior?
Answer:
19.5g
Explanation:
Firstly, we can use the ideal gas equation to calculate the number of moles of nitrogen gas needed.
We use the following formula:
PV = nRT
n = PV/RT
In the question, we were given:
P = 1 atm
V = 10L
T = 273.15k
R = molar gas constant= 0.082L.atm/mol.k
Let us insert these values into the ideal gas equation.
n = (1 * 10)/(273.15 * 0.082) = 0.45moles
The number of moles of nitrogen required is 0.45 moles
From the balanced reaction equation, we can see that 2 moles of sodium azide yielded 3 moles of Nitrogen.
Hence the number of moles of sodium azide produced from 0.45 moles of nitrogen would be : (0.45 * 2)/3 = 0.3mole
To get the mass of sodium azide needed, we simply multiply the number of moles of sodium azide by the molar mass of sodium azide. We know the number of moles but we do not know the molar mass. The molar mass of sodium azide is 23 + 3(14) = 23 + 42 = 65g/mol
The mass = 65 * 0.3 = 19.5g
The mass of azide required is 19.3 g.
The equation of the reaction is given as; 2NaN₃(s)⟶3N₂(g)+2Na(s)
We have to obtain the number of moles of the nitrogen gas from;
P = 1.000 atm
V = 10.00L
T= 273.15 K
R = 0.082 atm L K-1mol-1
n = PV/RT
n = 1.000 atm × 10.00L/0.082 atm L K-1mol-1 × 273.15 K
n = 0.446 moles
Now;
2 moles of azide yields 3 moles of nitrogen
x moles of azide yieilds 0.446 moles of nitrogen
x = 2 moles × 0.446 moles/3 moles
x = 0.297 moles
Mass of azide required= 0.297 moles × 65 g/mol = 19.3 g
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