Compared to pure silver, a silver alloy called sterling silver is _____.

This is because deductive reasoning is insight gained from an established principle or laws.

Answer: [tex]1s^22s^22p^63s^1[/tex]

Explanation:

Electronic configuration represents the total number of electrons that a neutral element contains. We add all the superscripts to know the number of electrons in an atom.

The electrons are filled according to Afbau's rule in order of increasing energies.

Total number of electrons of sodium are 11 as the atomic number of sodium is 11. The electronic configuration of sodium will be represented as:

[tex][Na]:11:1s^22s^22p^63s^1[/tex]

Dissolution of salts in water is represented by a chemical reaction in which the salt splits into its individual ions. The process is spontaneous and often exothermic. Factors like the solvent characteristics, temperature, pressure, and specific interactions affect solubility.

When a salt such as NaCl is dissolved in water, it splits up into its individual ions, which become solvated or surrounded by water molecules. This process can be described by the chemical equation: NaCl(s) → Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq). Also, for another salt like Fe(NO3)3, the dissolution process can be represented as: Fe(NO3)3(s) →→ Fe³+(aq) + 3NO3¯(aq). The s, aq annotations represent the states of matter, solid and aqueous, respectively.

The dissolution of these salts in water is a physical process that increases the disorder of the system, hence a spontaneous process, often exothermic. The solubility of salts is greatly influenced by the nature of the solvent, temperature, and pressure. SIP (Solubility, Ionization, and Precipitation) principles along with factors like dipole-dipole attractions, hydrogen bonds, ion-dipole, and dispersion forces play an important role in solubility.

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The reaction for the dissolution of salt in water is NaCl (s) + H2O (l) → Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

The reaction for the dissolution of salt in water can be represented by the following equation:

NaCl (s) + H2O (l) → Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

In this reaction, the solid salt (NaCl) dissociates into its constituent ions (Na+ and Cl-) when it is dissolved in water.

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Answer: 34 quaters have the same value as 85 dimes.

Explanation:

We are given a conversion factor:

10 dimes = 4 quaters

We need to find out the value of 85 dimes. For that we use unitary method.

If 10 dimes have the same value as 4 quaters.

So, 85 dimes will have the same value as [tex]\frac{4}{10}\times 85=34[/tex] quaters.

Hence, 34 quaters have the same value as 85 dimes.

Density is the ratio of mass and volume. Object II will float in water as it has a density of 0.95 g/ml.

Density is the measuring capacity that concerns the mass and the volume occupied by the object. It is calculated as:

Density (D) = Mass (M) / Volume (V)

For object I density is calculated as:

50. 0 / 40.2 = 1.24 g/ml

For object II D is calculated as:

59.3/62.5 = 0.9488 g/ml

For object III D is calculated as:

100 / 50 = 2 g/ml

Therefore, object II will float on water as it has less density than water.

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Insoluble salts can be used to soften water by removing calcium, magnesium, and other metal cations that cause hardness. Water softeners use complex sodium salts to form insoluble salts that precipitate onto resin surfaces. This process reduces dissolved minerals and extends the lifespan of plumbing.

An insoluble salt can be used to soften water because when water flows over ion-exchange resins, insoluble salts precipitate onto the resin surface.

Commercial water softeners use a complexing agent that contains complex sodium salts. When water passes over the resin, sodium ions are dissolved, and insoluble salts are formed. These insoluble salts help remove calcium, magnesium, and other metal cations which cause water hardness.

This process reduces the presence of dissolved minerals in the water, resulting in softened water that requires less soap for cleaning and reduces scale build-up in pipes and fittings.

The kinetic energy of a sulfur trioxide molecule with a velocity of 470 m/s is calculated to be approximately 1.47x10⁻²2 Joules.

The kinetic energy of an object can be calculated using the formula KE = 1/2 mv², where m is the mass and v is the velocity of the object. In this case, the object is a sulfur trioxide (SO3) molecule and the velocity is provided as 470 m/s. However, we do not have the mass of the SO3 molecule directly, but we can calculate it.

The molar mass of SO3 is about 80 grams per mole (or 80x10⁻³ kg/mole). We can convert this to mass per molecule by using Avogadro's number (6.022x10²³ molecules/mole). This results in a mass of approximately 1.33x10⁻²6 kg for the sulfur trioxide molecule.

Now we can calculate the kinetic energy by substituting the values into the formula.

KE = 1/2 * 1.33x10⁻²6 kg * (470 m/s)² = 1.47x10⁻²2 Joules.

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Final answer:

Alpha decay decreases a nucleus's mass number by four and the atomic number by two, while beta decay does not change the mass number but increases the atomic number by one.

Explanation:

The process of alpha decay affects the mass number of a nucleus by decreasing it.

When a nucleus undergoes alpha decay, it emits an alpha particle, which consists of two protons and two neutrons. This results in the mass number decreasing by four and the atomic number decreasing by two.

For instance, in the alpha decay of uranium-238 to thorium-234, we see a decrease from 238 to 234 in the atomic mass and from 92 to 90 in the atomic number.

In contrast, beta decay does not change the mass number of the nucleus, as it involves the transformation of a neutron into a proton, electron, and neutrino.

The mass number remains constant because a neutron is simply converted into a proton, while the atomic number increases by one due to the additional proton.

For example, when carbon-14 undergoes beta decay to form nitrogen-14, the mass number stays at 14, but the atomic number increases from 6 (carbon) to 7 (nitrogen).

Answer: correct answer is A

Explanation: i took the test

In a given neutral atom, actually the number of protons and electrons are equal. So ideally in this case the number of electrons should also be 16. However we have an ionic charge of negative 2. Since it is negative, this means there are 2 more electrons than protons, hence the answer is:

18 electrons

Rutherford proposed the nuclear model of atom where electrons are revolving the nucleus. However he was unable to determine the energy levels and momentum of  electrons.

There are various atomic models regarding the structure of atoms and its electronic properties. The predictions starts from Dalton's model of indivisibility of atoms. Later modified by many scientists Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr etc.

Rutherford conducted the gold foil experiment and he reached the result that the atoms are made of a nucleus and electrons where the nucleus contains positively charged particles protons and the negatively charged particles electrons are revolving around the nucleus.

However, he failed to determine the energy and momentum of electrons as well the possibility of finding an electron inside an orbital. The circular paths or orbits through which the electrons are revolving have are fixed energy levels.

This fixed energy levels and momentum of electrons are later determined by Bohr's atomic model. Bohr's model helped to find the radius of atom and energy of orbitals with the aid of quantum mechanics.

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Answer:

False.

Explanation:

The liquids have properties in between solids and gas.

They have intermediate intermolecular interactions and thermal energy.

unlike solids they can occupy the particles do move here and there however the kinetic energy is less than that of gas.

Similar to gas they can take the shape of the container.

Also, they can move away from each other to fill the container upto their maximum volume.

Gases can fill the container upto the volume of container.

C). (The way Prokaryotes reproduce)

I hope this helps :D

Answer:

option C= A positive ion is attracted to negative ion

Explanation:

Ionic bond:

Ionic bond is formed when oppositely charged ions attract each others i.e negative and positive ions.

we know that a neutral atom consist of equal number of proton and electron, cancel the charge of each other that is equal in magnitude and make the atom neutral or we can say that net charge is zero.

But when the atom lose or gain the electron, imbalance of neutron electron occur so charge will not remain zero and atom is no more to be said neutral.

For example:

Take the example of sodium that can lose one electron and form Na+. This Na+ ion is called cation because it carry positive charge by losing the one electron. This cation now contain eleven proton and ten electron.

Now consider the example of Chlorine atom. It consist of 17 proton and 17 electron. But in order to attain the noble gas configuration or to complete the octet it gain one electron and form anion (Cl-). The chlorine anion consist of 17 proton and 18 electron.

Now consider the sodium chloride which is an ionic compound. It is formed by the complete transfer of electron from sodium to chlorine atom and form ionic bond. In this ionic compound sodium carry positive charge and chlorine carry negative charge there is attraction between these oppositely charged atoms.

After two or more atoms lose or receive electrons to create an ion, an ionic bond may develop. Metals that are losing electrons and nonmetals that are gaining electrons form ionic bonds. A positive ion is attracted to a negative ion in an ionic bond. The correct option is C.

Valence electrons are transported from one atom to another to form an ionic connection, which is then held together by electrostatic attraction. Metals and nonmetals can ionize one another. The negatively charged subatomic particles known as electrons are found in every atom.

Atoms exchange electrons during ionic bonding. At least one electron acceptor and one electron donor are required for ionic bonding.

Thus the correct option is C.

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Answer:

Hydrogen.

Explanation:

The position of hydrogen was always controversial. It resembles both alkali metals and halogens.

However, it is placed with alkali metals in the periodic table in group 1.

The other elements are all metals and are able to give electrons easily so they form ionic bonds only.

While hydrogen can from covalent bond as it can share electrons.

Example : water.

The mixture of potassium (K) and nitrogen (N) has the formula K3N.

A substance made up of two or more different chemical substances that are not chemically bonded is referred to as a mixture.

A mixture is a physical blending together of two or more substances while maintaining their identities. It can take the form of solutions, suspensions, or colloids.

For instance, water and salt are two different substances that, when combined, form seawater.

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Answer:

Volume will be 2L

Explanation:

The problem can be solved taking into account Boyle-Mariotte Law for ideal gases

. It states:

At constant temperature, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure it exerts.

[tex]P_{1} *V_{1} =P_{2} *V_{2}\\[/tex]

Being P1 and V1 the values of Pressure an temperature in the gas initial state. And P2, V2, pressure and temperature of the gas in the final state.

The given values are:

So, we replace given values in the formula isolating V2:

[tex]\frac{P_{1} *V_{1}}{P_{2} } =V_{2}\\\\\frac{50kPa *5L}{125kPa}=V_{2}\\\\V_{2}=2L[/tex]

So, the volume when pressure is increased to 125 kPa will be 2L.

Answer:

1) Mass

2) Newton's First Law

3) Impulse

4) Momentum

5) Velocity

6) Newton's second law

Explanation:

1) Inertia is the tendency of matter to maintain constant velocity. Therefore, it is mass which causes an object to have inertia

2) As per Newtons first law of motion or law of inertia, a body of mass 'm' will continue to be in a state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force. This is also a special case of Galileo's Law of Inertia.

3) Impulse is the product of force and time

4) Momentum is the product of velocity and mass

5) Velocity is the ratio of momentum by mass

6) As per Newton's second law of motion, the acceleration (a) of a body of mass (m) is directly proportional to the force (F) acting on it

[tex]F = ma[/tex]

Among electromagnetic waves, UV rays are most dangerous because exposure to these radiation cause serious problems in living organism. Therefore, the emission of electromagnetic radiation by an excited atom is best explained by photoelectronic effect.

Electromagnetic wave is a wave which contain two component one is electric component and other is magnetic component. The electric and magnetic component are perpendicular to each other. There are so many wave that comes under electromagnetic wave like infrared wave , radio wave.

There is a relation between energy of wave. frequency of wave, and wavelength of wave

Mathematically,

E=hc/λ

where,

E = energy of electromagnetic wave

h is planks constant having value 6.67×10⁻³⁴js

c is speed of light that is 3×10⁸m/s

λ is the wavelength of electromagnetic wave

The emission of electromagnetic radiation by an excited atom is best explained by photoelectronic effect.

Therefore, the emission of electromagnetic radiation by an excited atom is best explained by photoelectronic effect.

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Answer is: a) ionization energy and electronegativity.

1) The ionization energy (Ei) is the minimum amount of energy required to remove the valence electron, when element lose electrons, oxidation number of element grows (oxidation process).  

Barium, potassium and arsenic are metals (easily lost valence electrons), chlorine is nonmetal (easily gain electrons).

Alkaline metals (far left in Periodic table) have lowest ionizations energy and easy remove valence electrons (one electron), earth alkaline metals (next right to alkaline metals) have higher ionization energy than alkaline metals, because they have two valence electrons.  

Nonmetals are far right in the main group and they have highest ionization energy, because they have many valence electrons.  

2) Electronegativity (χ) is a chemical property that describes the tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons towards itself.  

Atoms with higher electronegativity attracts more electrons towards it, electrons are closer to that atom.  

Nonmetals hava higher electronegativity than metals and metalloids.

3) The atomic radius decreases across the periods because an increasing number of protons, because greater attraction between the protons and electrons.

Ionization energy and electronegativity are the two trends than increase when one moves across a period from left to right.

Keywords: Ionization energy, electronegativity

Level: High school  

Subject: Chemistry  

Topic: Periodic table and chemical families  

Sub-topic: Ionization energy and electronegativity

Answer : The balanced chemical reaction is,

[tex]2Cr(s)+3NiSO_{4}(aq)\rightarrow Cr_{2}(SO_{4})_{3}(aq)+3Ni(s)[/tex]

Explanation :

[tex]Cr(s)+NiSO_{4}(aq)\rightarrow[/tex]

The balanced chemical reaction is,

[tex]2Cr(s)+3NiSO_{4}(aq)\rightarrow Cr_{2}(SO_{4})_{3}(aq)+3Ni(s)[/tex]

This is a single step displacement reaction. From the reactivity series of the metals, the reactivity of the chromium metal is higher than the reactivity of the nickel metal. Therefore, the chromium metal easily displaces the nickel metal from the solution of nickel(II) sulfate. The reactivity series image attached below.

The ion with a charge of 2+ and 27 electrons is a copper ion (Cu²+), which has lost two electrons to acquire the positive charge.

The ion the question is asking about is an ion that has lost two electrons and therefore has a charge of 2+. The ion has 27 electrons, but it would normally have 29 electrons (27 + 2). This means the ion is a cation from which two electrons have been removed. To find which element it is, we should look for an element in the periodic table with the atomic number of 29. That element is copper (Cu). Therefore, the ion is a copper ion, specifically Cu²+, as it has lost two electrons and carries a positive charge.

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Answer:

FILTRATION

Explanation:

This is a very simple process with a very simple solution

Sodium cannot be used in electrical wires due to its high reactivity and lower electrical conductivity compared to metals like copper.

Additionally, sodium is too soft and unsafe for wiring purposes.

Copper is preferred because it has high electrical conductivity, resistance to corrosion, and can be easily drawn into wires.

Answer : The correct formula of the given compound will be, [tex]FeP[/tex]

Explanation :

Iron (III) phosphide is an ionic compound because iron element is a metal and phosphorous element is a non-metal. The bond formed between a metal and a non-metal is always ionic in nature.

The nomenclature of ionic compounds is given by:

1. Positive ion is written first.

2. The negative ion is written next and a suffix is added at the end of the negative ion. The suffix written is '-ide'.

3. In case of transition metals, the oxidation state are written in roman numerals in bracket in-front of positive ions.

The charge on iron is (+3) and the the charge on phosphide is (-3). The charges are balanced.

Hence, the formula of the compound iron (III) phosphide will be [tex]FeP[/tex]