EcoRI and HindIII recognize different sequences of DNI and cut the molecule in different points. For this reason, when digesting the molecule with HindIII, the exposed pattern of minisatellites would have looked different than when using EcoRI.
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A restriction enzyme is a degradative polymer that recognizes and cuts up specific nucleotide sequences in DNI. Restriction enzymes can produce cohesive cuts or blunt (abrupt) cuts, depending on the recognition sites. The frequency in which the restriction enzyme will produce the cuts depends on the recognition sequences and the number of bases that compose them.
EcoRI cuts between G y A. Hind III cuts between A y A.So restriction enzymes cut DNI molecules into different short sequences of varying lengths. These pieces are called minisatellites and exhibit the existing variation from one person to the next. These short sequences can be separated by using gel electrophoresis and will express a pattern of differentiation. These are the restriction fragment length polymorphisms pattern, RFLP. Each individual has a unique pattern of minisatellites, which makes this person different than the rest.
The method used to identify an individual based on the minisatellites patterns in their DNI is known as DNA fingerprinting. Although the difference in base sequences between two individuals is very small, fragments produced by restriction endonucleases are of different sizes.
Because EcoRI and Hind III recognize different sequences and cut sites, they will cut the same molecule in different pieces, resulting in a different pattern.
So, when digesting DNI of person 1 and person 2 with
EcoRI → the short sequences pattern will express certain differences between individuals. HindIII → the exposed pattern will differ from the first one and show other differences. both enzymes together → minisatellites will be even shorter and express a third different pattern.----------------------------------------
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plant parts that contain a lot of poisonous materials to protect them from being eaten by animals would have many ?
why are quantitative data particularly helpful to scientists
Quantitative data are vital to scientists as they provide objective numbers and statistics for analysis. Such data help identify patterns, test hypotheses, make predictions, and formulate theories in various scientific fields like Biology and Physics.
Explanation:Quantitative data are exceptionally useful to scientists due to several reasons. Primarily, quantitative data deals with numbers and statistics that can be measured and analyzed objectively. This type of data allows scientists to perform statistical analysis to deduce patterns, trends, and relationships among different variables.
For example, in Biology, a scientist may gather quantitative data about a population of animals, like the number per square mile, to create models of population growth. In Physics, a scientist may measure the speed of an object to investigate the law of motion.
By analyzing this numerical data, scientists can make predictions, test hypotheses, and draw factual conclusions, which they can use to develop theories or plan interventions. Hence, the importance of quantitative data in the scientific process is irrefutable.
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Give an example of water's cohesive nature playing a role in a biological process
Fill a glass with water above the rim. It forms a domed surface. Add a paper clip and watch it float, even though the paper clip is made of a metal that is denser than water. This is due to water's surface tension. Water has several very unique properties, like surface tension, cohesion, and adhesion because water A) is the universal solvent and can hold anything, even paper clips. B) is polar and every water molecule electrically attracts the neighboring water molecules. C) bonds like metals so water molecules forms crystal lattice structure when in a container. D) is polar and tends to attract metallic substances like the material that makes up the paper clip.
Answer:
Water has several very unique properties, like surface tension, cohesion, and adhesion because water (B) is polar and every water molecule electrically attracts the neighboring water molecules.
Explanation:
The surface tension is the ability of a liquid to resist an external force. In water, it is possible because of the cohesion between water molecules, which are polar. The attraction occurs between all neighbor atoms. Surface molecules have fewer neighbor atoms (they do not have neighbor molecules above them), then the attraction between surface molecules is higher than in the rest.
For this reason, you can watch a paper clip floating in a glass filled with water is the paper clip is added carefully. However, if you agitate the water of force down the paper clip, it will sink because you broke the surface tension.
Answer:
B) is polar and every water molecule electrically attracts the neighboring water molecules.
Explanation:
Most _____ are crops like corn, goldenrod, or clover.
Answer:
Mesophytes
Explanation:
Corn, goldenrod, or clover are examples of mesophytes.
Mesophytes are the species of plants that survive in regions with moderate environmental conditions. Their body structure consists of well-developed fibrous roots and branched stem.
Mesophytic species of plants include the following
a) Agricultural crops
b) Plants and trees grown in garden
c) Flowering trees like deciduous trees
Among, the given options corn and clover are agricultural crop while golden rod is a garden flowering plant.
Thus, most mesophytes include crops like corn, goldenrod, or clover.
Can you get carpal tunnel at a young age
What is a possible effect of leakage of inner ear fluid?
A. body imbalance
B. breathing issues
C. increased body temperature
D. increased heart rate
The correct answer is A) Body imbalance
Ans.
Leakage of inner ear fluid may caused by bacterial or viral infection that leads to inflammation or infection of inner ear. It causes loss of balance, episodes of vertigo, ringing in ears, or fluctuating hearing loss. The loss of balance includes difficulty in maintaining the orientation of the body.
Thus, the correct answer is 'option A). body imbalance.'
Briefly explain how genetic makeup of human beings is closely associated with their disease?
It is easier to read while shaking your head than while shaking the page. why
The reason why it is much easier to read while shaking your head rather than reading and shaking the page is because of the vestibular ocular reflex, it is because when reading and shaking your head the vestibular ocular reflex were able to respond faster than prolong and slow movements.
Which polymers are composed of amino acids? hints which polymers are composed of amino acids? monomers proteins carbohydrates nucleic acids?
Answer:
The correct answer is Proteins.
Explanation:
Proteins are composed of amino acids, which are made, at the same time, of nucleotides (three nucleotides per amino acid). The amino acids bind with a peptidic bond and form proteins in extremely complex and highly rolled-up structures. Therefore, the amino acids are the monomers of proteins.
Proteins polymers are composed of amino acids. The correct option is B.
Thus, The building blocks of proteins are amino acids, which are also made up of nucleotides (three nucleotides per amino acid).
Incredibly intricate and tightly rolled-up structures of proteins are created when the amino acids bind with a peptidic link. As a result, proteins' monomers are their amino acids.
A polypeptide chain is created when peptide bonds are used to connect amino acids. To create a useful protein, the polypeptide chain can fold and interact with other molecules. Proteins serve a variety of purposes in the body, including molecular transport, cell signalling, immunological response, and structural support for enzymes.
Thus, Proteins polymers are composed of amino acids. The correct option is B.
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Plant cells ______.
a. have chloroplasts and mitochondria
b. do not need mitochondria because their chloroplasts meet their energy needs
c. do not need chloroplasts because their mitochondria meet their energy needs
d. use carbon dioxide but do not use oxygen
Final answer:
Plant cells have both chloroplasts and mitochondria, which enable them to perform photosynthesis to create food and cellular respiration to generate energy.
Explanation:
The correct answer to the question "Plant cells ______." is: a. have chloroplasts and mitochondria. Plant cells possess chloroplasts for photosynthesis, which is the process that converts light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, while releasing oxygen.
They also contain mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, where cellular respiration takes place to convert glucose into ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of the cell. This dual presence allows plants to create their own food through photosynthesis and then use that food to generate energy through cellular respiration, which takes place in the mitochondria.
The process of nuclear division that produces haploid sex cells is mitosis.
True or False
Answer: The answer is false.
What characteristics of bacteria make certain species pathogenic and hard to combat?
Check all ways below to ensure that the bases in RNA are properly paired.
Make sure the letter T is substituted for the letter U.
Make sure the letter U is substituted for the letter T.
Make sure that A matches U and that C matches G.
The right answer are B (it means the letter U will replace the letter T) and C.
RNA (ribonucleic acid) is obtained from DNA through transcription.
RNA is complementary to the template strand of the DNA (antisense strand), according to Watson and Crick pairing rules (AU / T and CG) and is therefore identical to the coding strand of the DNA (sense strand), the riboses and uraciles (present only in RNA).
how much of a cell in the human body is composed of water. A.50 to 60% B. 75 to 80% C.75 to 90% D. 10 to 20$
Answer:
C. 75% to 90%
Answer:
C. 75 to 90% is the answer.
Explanation:
Which two scientists worked together to develop a three-dimensional model of DNA?
A. Miescher and Wilkins
B. Crick and Miescher
C. Franklin and Watson
D. Watson and Crick
Answer:
D. Watson and Crick
Explanation:
Watson and Crick built on the findings from X-ray diffraction study of the DNA by Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin to analyse the structure of the DNA.
Findings from their analyses were published in 1953 and the two went on to receive Nobel price based on their findings later on.
The correct option is D.
The environmental impact of a population on a given area depends on what?
What happens to carbon in the short term carbon cycle?
In a simple food chain, small fish eat algae; bigger fish eat the smaller fish; bears eat the bigger fish. Using the above scenario, which of these would have the largest amount of energy?
According to the energy pyramid principle in ecology, the algae in this food chain would have the most energy because it is at the base of the food chain, and energy decreases as you move up the chain.
Explanation:In this scenario, Algae would have the most energy. This is due to the concept of the energy pyramid, which is a fundamental principle in ecology. Energy transfers from one trophic level to the next, from producers to consumers. However, not all energy gets transferred, generally, about 10% of the energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next. As a result, the lower you are on the pyramid (in this case the algae) the more energy is available. Hence, the algae, being at the bottom of this food chain, would have the largest amount of energy.
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Vinaya learned from her science teacher that her height probably resulted from about 180 genes, each contributing a tiny amount of genetic information. vinaya learned that her height resulted from ___
Vinaya learned that her height was due to additive genes. Addictive genes are those gens that is code for the traits and its effect work together on the phenotype, an example of function of additive genes is on the eye color and height of the human that are cause by additive alleles.
A 45-year-old female client on the inpatient unit has just resumed eating a normal diet. the nurse checks a blood sugar with her morning labs and the result is 5.5 mmol/l. how would the nurse interpret this blood glucose?
Answer;
Normal blood glucose.
The nurse would interpret this blood glucose as normal.
Explanation;
-Normal blood glucose is 80 to 110 mg/dL (4 to 7 mmol/L). For the many healthy individuals, normal blood sugar levels are as follows: Between 4.0 to 5.4 mmol/L (72 to 99 mg/dL) when fasting. Up to 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) 2 hours after eating.
How does the cylindrical shape of the palisade mesophyll cells increase the amount of photosynthesis that the leaf can carry out?
The cylindrical shape of palisade mesophyll cells increases photosynthesis in leaves by maximizing light absorption, ensuring close proximity to carbon dioxide, and favoring efficient transport of photosynthetic products due to their large surface area and tight packing.
Explanation:The cylindrical shape of the palisade mesophyll cells in plant leaves plays a crucial role in maximizing photosynthesis. These cells, arranged tightly together, are columnar in structure and packed with chloroplasts, the organelles responsible for capturing light energy. The cylindrical form allows for a large surface area relative to the volume of the cell, which in turn increases the amount of light that the chloroplasts can absorb. This structural adaptation is critical because more light absorption equates to more energy for the photosynthesis process.
In addition to light absorption, the tight packing of the palisade mesophyll cells ensures that carbon dioxide, necessary for photosynthesis, is readily available to all the chloroplasts. The proximity of these cells to the surface of the leaf minimizes the distance that carbon dioxide must diffuse from the stomata (where gas exchange occurs) to the chloroplasts. Furthermore, the vertical orientation of these cells helps facilitate efficient gas exchange as well as the transport of sugars and other photosynthetic products to other parts of the plant.
Lastly, the spongy mesophyll, located below the palisade layer, has irregularly shaped cells with air spaces that also allow for gas exchange and distribution. However, the palisade mesophyll's cylindrical shape is specialized to optimize light interception and the photosynthetic process, making them the primary site of photosynthesis in most dicot leaves.
Which type of lipid is most important in biological membranes?
Phospholipids are the most important lipids in biological membranes, forming the fundamental structure of the lipid bilayer with their amphipathic properties.
Explanation:The type of lipid most important in biological membranes is the phospholipid. Phospholipids are essential components of all cell membranes. They consist of a glycerol molecule, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group that is linked to a choline. This structure allows them to form a lipid bilayer, with hydrophilic (water-attracting) heads and hydrophobic (water-repellent) tails. This bilayer creates a barrier that is impermeable to most water-soluble substances while providing fluidity and flexibility to the membrane.
Phospholipids are not only structural components but are also involved in signaling pathways and membrane dynamics. The amphipathic nature of phospholipids, meaning they have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, lets them spontaneously align to form the cell membrane's structure with the hydrophobic tails shielded from water and the hydrophilic heads facing the aqueous environment.
What would happen to the animals if all the plants in their ecosystem died?
The nurse has several educational pamphlets for the patient about medications the patient is receiving. prior to giving the patient these pamphlets, what is a primary assessment for the nurse?
Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression?
Two neurotransmitters that have roles in appetite suppression are Serotonin and Dopamine.
Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that contributes to feelings of well-being and satiety. Higher serotonin levels in the brain are associated with reduced food cravings and a decreased appetite. Some medications that increase serotonin levels are used to help control appetite and manage weight.
Dopamine plays a role in the brain's reward and pleasure centers. When dopamine levels are balanced, it can help regulate food intake by providing a sense of reward and satisfaction after eating. However, imbalances in dopamine levels can contribute to overeating and unhealthy eating patterns.
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Physicians who specialize in bariatrics treat which patient population?
What type of tissue protects bones in joints by preventing friction?
In the chemical process of photosynthesis water is a
Water acts as a reactant in the process of photosynthesis, wherein it is combined with carbon dioxide and the sun's energy to produce glucose and release oxygen. The process mainly takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells and is essential for the survival of many organisms.
Explanation:In the chemical process of photosynthesis, water is a reactant. This means it is one of the substances that are consumed during the process to produce glucose and oxygen. The chemical equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H₂O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 602, which clearly shows water (H₂O) as a reactant. Photosynthesis is crucial for converting light energy from the sun into chemical energy stored in glucose, which serves as food for plants. Additionally, the oxygen released is essential for the survival of many life forms that rely on it for respiration.
The process primarily occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells where water, combined with carbon dioxide and the sun's energy, undergoes a complex set of reactions. Initially, in the light reactions, water is used, and oxygen is released. Energy in the form of ATP and NADPH is produced, which then fuels the Calvin Cycle to synthesize glucose. The glucose produced is an energy-rich sugar molecule that organisms utilize for various metabolic activities, including cellular respiration.
Final answer:
Water acts as a reactant in the process of photosynthesis, which is essential for converting light energy into chemical energy, producing glucose and oxygen.
Explanation:
In the chemical process of photosynthesis, water is a reactant. This process is crucial for life on Earth as it converts light energy into chemical energy and releases oxygen. The overall chemical equation for photosynthesis is 6CO2 + 6H₂O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2. During photosynthesis, plants, algae, and certain bacteria capture light energy from the sun and utilize carbon dioxide and water from their environment. Using this light energy, they produce glucose for their own energy needs and oxygen as a byproduct, which they release into the atmosphere. The stored glucose is typically converted to starch in plants and is vital as it acts as a food source for them, which is then used to generate ATP during cellular respiration. The oxygen released is critical for animal life and represents the oxygen we breathe in the Earth's atmosphere.
An organism is a multicellular autotroph with eukaryotic cells. To what kingdom does it belong
Answer:
Plants or Plantae
Explanation: