Compare and contrast rutherford's "planetary model" of the atom with our current understanding of an atom's internal structure.

Justin travels a total distance of 17 km. His displacement is approximately 11.7 km, 20° west of south from his starting point.

To determine the total distance travelled by Justin, we simply add all the distances travelled:

Total distance = 12 km + 4 km + 1 km = 17 km.

To find the displacement, we need to consider the initial and final positions. Justin's final position relative to the starting point involves a vector calculation.

Vertical displacement (south - north): 12 km (south) - 1 km (north) = 11 km south.

Horizontal displacement (west): 4 km west.

Using the Pythagorean theorem, the displacement can be calculated as follows:
Displacement= √((11 km)² + (4 km)²) = √(121 km² + 16 km²) = √137 km² ≈ 11.7 km.

Using trigonometry to find the direction, the angle θ from the south direction is:

tan(θ) = opposite/adjacent = 4/11 ≈ 0.364.

θ ≈ atan(0.364) ≈ 20° west of south.

Displacement = 11.7 km, 20° west of south.

Answer: Pot- Conducts heat

Bin-insulates from heat

Plate- brittle (shatters into many pieces) AND insulates from heat

Explanation:

Work = 125 joules

Thus; kinetic energy = work done

Kinetic energy = 1/2mv²

                       = 1/2 × 10× 5²

                       = 5 × 25

                       = 125 joules

Hence, work done is 125 joules.

From the calculations, the work done by the dog is 600 J.

Work is done when the force applied covers a distance in the direction of the force.

Using the equations of motion;

v^2 = u^ - 2as

since v =0

u^2 = 2as

But

v = u - at

u = at

a = u/t

a = 5/2.4

a = 2.1m/s^2

s = u^2 /2a

s = (5)^2/2 *  2.1

s= 6 m

Work done = 10 Kg * 10ms-2 * 6 = 600 J

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Given data :

Velocity of radar signal, v = Velocity of light = 3 x 10^8 m/s

Greatest distance between Venus and Earth d1 = 0.47 AU = 0.47 AU (a.5 x 10^11 m / 1 AU) = 7.1x10^10 m

Closest distance between Venus and Earth, d2 = 0.28 AU = 0.28 AU (1.5 x 10^11 m / 1 AU)= 4.2 x 10^10 m

The time take by radar signal to travel from Earth to Venus and back when Venus is brightest is calculated as

T1 = 2d1/v = 2(7.a x 10^10 m / 3 x10^8 m/s) = 473 s

The time taken by radar signal to travel from Earth to Venus and back when Venus is closest is calculated as

T2 = 2d1/v = 2 (4.2 x 10^10 m) / 3 x 10^8 m/s = 280 s

Answer:

Newton's 3rd Law

Explanation:

Using Kepler's Third Law, the period of Satellite A, which has an orbital radius 3 times greater than that of Satellite B with a period of 120 minutes, is calculated to be approximately 519.6 minutes.

The period of Satellite A, with an orbital radius 3 times greater than Satellite B, can be found using Kepler's Third Law, which relates the orbital period of a satellite to its orbital radius. Kepler's Law states that the square of the orbital period is proportional to the cube of the radius of its orbit. Since Satellite B has an orbital period of 120 minutes, we can set up the proportion (T_A/T_B)^2 = (R_A/R_B)^3, where T_A is the unknown period of Satellite A, T_B is the known period of Satellite B, R_A is the orbital radius of Satellite A and R_B is the orbital radius of Satellite B. Because R_A is 3 times R_B, the proportion becomes (T_A/120 min)^2 = 3^3. Therefore, T_A = 120 min x √(3^3), which simplifies to T_A = 120 min x 3√3. After calculating, T_A's period is found to be approximately 519.6 minutes.

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Answer:

B. 4

Explanation:

Beat frequency (fb) is calculated as follows:

fb = |f1 - f2|

where f1 and f2 are two sounds frequencies, in this case, 24 Hz and 20 Hz. Replacing in the equation:

fb = |24 - 20| = 4 Hz

Then, they should produce they 4 beats per second

Answer:

Einstein

Explanation:

Many physicists and mathematicians, notably Albert Einstein, tried to unify the electromagnetic and gravitational force, that is, made a unified field theory.

Other scientists who attempted to develop unified field theory included Hermann Weyl, Arthur Eddington, and Theodor Kaluza. Unfortunately, all attempts were unsuccessful

The answer is true, midude! Calm down.

Answer: The given statement is true.

Explanation:

In operant conditioning, the events or circumstances to which an individual reacts helps in a certain kind of learning because of their outcome or consequences.

And on the basis of an individual's behavior he gets rewards or punishment.

For example, a child was made to finish his homework first and only then he can go to play. So, the child finishes his homework quickly and as a result of this his mother rewarded him with a chocolate.

Therefore, we can conclude that the statement, in operant conditioning, the consequence shapes the behavior, is true.

The two pieces of pure copper must have the same temperature. The correct option is A.

The density is the ratio of the mass and the volume of the object. It is denoted by ρ.

ρ = mass/Volume = m/V

Given are the two pieces of pure copper. One is cube in shape and another is cuboid.

Both will have different volume. As volume is related to the mass and density. So, they are also different for the two pieces of copper. But, the temperature does not depends on the remaining parameters.

Thus, the correct option is A.

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The ratio of the Normal force to the gravitational force of the roller coaster at the top of the circle is [tex]\boxed3[/tex].

Further Explanation:

The critical velocity of the roller coaster is the minimum speed at which the roller coaster completes the circular loop without leaving the path.

As the roller coaster reaches at the topmost point of its circular path, at this point, the weight is balanced by the centripetal force acting in the outward direction.

The force balancing at the top most point at the critical velocity is:

[tex]{\text{Centripetal}}\,{\text{force}} = {\text{weight}}[/tex]

[tex]\dfrac{{mv_c^2}}{r} = mg[/tex]

From the above equation, the critical velocity of the roller coaster is:

[tex]{v_c} = \sqrt {rg}[/tex]

Now, if the roller coaster reaches the top point of the circular path with the speed twice of the critical speed, then there will be a normal reaction force experienced by the roller coaster due to the increased centripetal force.

The new velocity of the roller coaster is:

[tex]\begin{aligned}v&=2{v_c}\\&= 2\sqrt {rg}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

The force balancing at the top most point at the critical velocity is:

[tex]\begin{aligned}{F_C} = {F_N} + {F_{wt}}\hfill\\\frac{{m{v^2}}}{r} = {F_N} + mg\hfill\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

Here, [tex]{F_C}[/tex] is the centripetal force, [tex]{F_N}[/tex] is the normal reaction acting on the roller coaster and [tex]{F_{wt}}[/tex] is the weight of the roller coaster acting in downward direction.

Substitute [tex]2\sqrt {rg}[/tex] for [tex]v[/tex] in above equation.

[tex]\begin{aligned}\frac{{m{{\left( {2\sqrt {rg} }\right)}^2}}}{r} &= {F_N} + mg\\{F_N} &= 4mg - mg\\&= 3mg\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

The ratio of the normal reaction of the roller coaster to the weight of the roller coaster is:

[tex]\begin{aligned}\frac{{{F_N}}}{{{F_{wt}}}}&=\frac{{3mg}}{{mg}}\\&=3\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

The ratio of the Normal force to the gravitational force of the roller coaster at the top of the circle is  [tex]\boxed3[/tex].

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Answer Details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Physics

Chapter: Circular motion

Keywords:  Roller coaster, loop, critical speed, normal reaction, ratio, centripetal force, gravitational force, twice the critical speed, circular loop.

Answer:

Explained

Explanation:

According to the humanistic perspective  securing the future motivates the individuals the most.

All we humans do in our life is somehow trying to secure a future for our selves and our children.

let me explain to you how this happens, basically all our lives we try to get the best education and work hard. Why is that so? It is because we get knowledge and can get some good profession?

But what does a good profession guarantees us? That is monetary and other such benefits, but what do we have to do with all of the money. That is to secure our future. So basically we want to make our future better.

Answer:

Increased plant growth and damage to drinking water

Explanation:

Nitrogen-enhanced fertilizers aid in plant growth and improve agricultural yield, but excessive or improper use can cause eutrophication, harming aquatic ecosystems.

Nitrogen-enhanced fertilizers have both positive and negative impacts on the environment. On the positive side, such fertilizers boost the growth of crops by providing them with an ample supply of necessary nutrients, including nitrogen. In particular, plants benefit from an abundant supply of nitrogen; soils are ultimately enriched, providing higher yields in agriculture.

However, these fertilizers, when used excessively or improperly, can cause significant harm to both freshwater and marine ecosystems. The nitrogen and phosphorus from the fertilizers can enter drainage systems and accumulate in water bodies, causing eutrophication- an overgrowth of algae that depletes dissolved oxygen levels, negatively affecting aquatic organisms. This process eventually creates inhospitable conditions for many forms of marine and freshwater life, culminating in areas known as dead zones. This overuse and negligence in the application of such fertilizers is a major cause of such detrimental effects.

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Non-renewable sources of energy include fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, and natural gas, as well as nuclear energy. They are called non-renewable because they cannot be replenished within a human timescale and have limited reserves.

A nonrenewable source of energy is one that is finite and cannot be replenished within a human timescale. The most important non-renewable energy sources are fossil fuels, which include coal, petroleum, and natural gas. These resources account for about 81% of the world's energy consumption. Fossil fuels take millions of years to form and are thus considered nonrenewable. Burning these fuels releases energy that can be converted to generate electricity. Another key non-renewable energy source is nuclear energy, which, while supplying about 3% of the world's consumption, also cannot be quickly replenished and has environmental and health costs associated with it, such as the safety and disposal of nuclear waste.

Answer: 13.5

Explanation: Obtained from this

C) ω = 0 = ωo + αt = 6.3rad/s - 0.74rad/s² * t

t = 8.5 s ← after the given 5 s, or 13.5s total

-- alternate: --

ω = 0 = ωo + αt = 10rad/s - 0.74rad/s² * t

t = 13.5 s

The time taken for the fan to stop after it has been turned off is 7 s.

The given parameters;

The angular acceleration of the fan is calculated as;

[tex]\alpha = \frac{\Delta \omega }{t} = \frac{\omega _2 - \omega _1}{t} \\\\\alpha = \frac{7-12}{5} \\\\\alpha = -1 \ rad/s^2[/tex]

The angular displacement of the blades  before stopping is calculated as;

[tex]\omega_f^2 = \omega_i^2 + 2\alpha \theta \\\\\0 = \omega_i^2 + 2\alpha \theta\\\\-2\alpha \theta = \omega_i^2 \\\\\theta = \frac{\omega_i^2}{-2\alpha } \\\\\theta = \frac{(7)^2}{-2(-1)} \\\\\theta = 24.5 \ rad[/tex]

The time taken for the blade to make this angular displacement is calculated as;

[tex]\theta = \omega_it + \frac{1}{2} \alpha t^2\\\\24.5 = 7t + (0.5)(-1)(t)^2\\\\24.5 = 7t - 0.5t^2\\\\0.5t^2 -7t + 24.5 = 0\\\\solve \ the \ quadratic \ equation \ using \ formula \ method\\\\a = 0.5, \ \ b = -7, \ \ c = 24.5 \\\\t = \frac{-b \ \ +/- \ \sqrt{b^2 - 4ac} }{2a} \\\\t = \frac{-(-7) \ \ +/- \ \sqrt{(-7)^2 - 4(0.5\times 24.5)} }{2(0.5)}\\\\t = 7 \ s[/tex]

Thus, the time taken for the fan to stop after it has been turned off is 7 s.

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Common force fields are the gravitational field, generated by masses (like the Earth), and the electromagnetic field, generated by charged particles. These force fields can exert influence over distances without direct physical contact, such as the gravitational influence of the Sun on Earth's orbit. These concepts are crucial understanding tools in the study of physics.

Common examples of force fields include the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field. The source of the gravitational field is any object with mass- an example being the Earth, whose gravitational field is what gives objects weight. The electromagnetic field is generated by charged particles- for instance, a charged rubber comb generates an electromagnetic field that attracts neutral bits of paper via the Coulomb force.

These field forces act at a distance, meaning they can exert influence without physical contact. For example, the Sun's gravitational field influences the Earth's orbit, despite the vast distance between these two celestial bodies. Similarly, stationary electric charges can generate electric fields that exert force on other distant charges.

Understanding fields is crucial in the study of physics, as it helps to visualise forces and how they are transmitted. They also connect with the concept of elementary particles and their interactions in the macroscopic world, making the fields concept an essential tool for grasping complex physical phenomena.

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Answer:

The particles of a solid vibrate in fixed positions.

Explanation:

Solids are a phase of matter. Other phases of matter include liquids, gases and plasma. The key defining feature of each of the phases are the inter-molecular forces of attraction. Solids have the strongest inter-molecular forces among the three.

Solids have thermal energy which results in their atoms to vibrate in their fixed mean positions.

Final answer:

Using the kinematic equation for velocity, v = u + at, with an initial velocity of 0, an acceleration of 3 m/s^2, and a time of 10 seconds, the motorcycle's velocity will be 30 m/s. So the correct option is B.

Explanation:

If a motorcycle starts from rest and maintains a constant acceleration of 3 m/s2, we can calculate its velocity after a certain time using the kinematic equation v = u + at, where:

Now, substituting the known values into the equation:

v = 0 + (3 m/s2 × 10 s) = 30 m/s

Therefore, the motorcycle's velocity after 10 seconds will be 30 m/s, which corresponds to answer choice B.

To find the resultant displacement of the bear, we can use trigonometry. First, we break down the bear's displacements into their respective components. Then, we add the x-components and y-components separately to find the resultant displacement in each direction. Finally, we use the Pythagorean theorem and inverse tangent function to find the magnitude and angle of the resultant displacement.

To find the resultant displacement of the bear, we can use trigonometry. First, we break down the bear's displacements into their respective components. The first displacement, heading 55.0º north of west for 15.0 m, can be represented as 15.0 m at an angle of 55.0º north of west. The second displacement, heading to the west for another 7.00 m, can be represented as 7.00 m at an angle of 90.0º west of north.

We can now add the x-components and y-components of these displacements separately to find the resultant displacement in each direction. The x-components are -15.0 m (negative because it is westward) and -7.00 m respectively, and the y-components are 0.00 m and 7.00 m. Adding these components gives us a resultant displacement of -22.0 m in the x-direction and 7.00 m in the y-direction.

Finally, we can find the magnitude and angle of the resultant displacement using trigonometry. The magnitude can be found using the Pythagorean theorem: magnitude = sqrt((-22.0 m)^2 + (7.00 m)^2) = 23.4 m. The angle can be found using the inverse tangent function: angle = arctan((7.00 m)/(-22.0 m)) = -17.4º (measured counterclockwise from the positive x-axis).

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1. D) 300 J

The work done by a constant force is given by:

[tex]W=Fdcos \theta[/tex]

where F is the force applied, d is the distance, and [tex]\theta[/tex] is the angle between the direction of the force and the direction of motion.

In this problem, F=200 N, d=1.5 m while [tex]\theta=0^{\circ}[/tex], because the force is parallel to the motion of the box, therefore the work done is

[tex]W=(200 N)(1.5 m)(cos 0^{\circ})=300 J[/tex]

2. C) 48,000 J

We can use the same formula used in the previous part of the problem:

[tex]W=Fdcos \theta[/tex]

In this case:

F=480 N

d=100 m

[tex]\theta=0^{\circ}[/tex]

So the work done is

[tex]W=(480 N)(100 m)(cos 0)=48,000 J[/tex]

A rock salt crystal shatters when struck because it is an ionic compound that is hard and brittle. Force causes a shift in ion layers, bringing like-charged ions next to each other, which repel and cause shattering. Rock salt cleaves along smooth planes due to the regular ion arrangement.

A rock salt crystal, which is primarily composed of sodium chloride, is likely to shatter when struck because it's an ionic compound with a lattice structure. In their solid state, the positively charged sodium ions and negatively charged chloride ions are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. When mechanical force such as a hammer strike is applied, it can cause layers of ions to shift.

If ions with the same charge are forced next to each other, their repulsive forces will cause the crystal to rapidly separate along its cleavage planes, resulting in a shattering effect. Moreover, because of the regular arrangement of the ions, when an ionic crystal like rock salt breaks, it does so along smooth planes. This tendency is epitomized by the mineral halite, which often cleaves into cubes.

The breakage of polycrystalline aggregates like rocks is complex due to the varied strength at grains and grain boundaries, however, for homogeneous ionic crystals like rock salt, the cleaving and shattering are more predictable and result from the inherent brittleness and repulsion of like-charged ions under stress.

The calculation of 2 x 10^-3 cm ÷ 2.5 x 10^4 cm, translated in scientific notation ends up with a result of 8 x 10^-8 cm.

To calculate 2 x 10^-3 cm ÷ 2.5 x 10^4 cm, you start by performing the multiplication and division operations separately. That gives us (2*10^-3) cm and (2.5*10^4) cm. Before dividing these two results, make sure they're expressed in the same scientific notation. It's important to note that multiplying or dividing quantities in scientific notation involves separately multiplying or dividing the coefficients and adding or subtracting the exponents, respectively.

In this case, the calculation would be (2 ÷ 2.5) x 10^(-3-4), which simplifies to 0.8 x 10^-7. This can also be represented as 8 x 10^-8 cm.

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Answer:the answer is C. PLATO

Explanation: