Chlorine has total 17 electrons in its atom. Out which 10 are inner or core electrons and 7 are valence electrons located in the 3s and 3p shells.
What is chlorine ?Chlorine (Cl) is 17th element in periodic table. It is a non metal located in the 17th group of periodic table. Cl contains 17 electrons and 17 protons. It have an atomic mass of 35.5 g/mol.
Out of the 17 electrons, 10 electrons of Cl are located in the inner shells or orbitals 1s, 2s, and 2p. The remaining 7 electrons are located in the valence shells 3s and 3p. 2 electrons in 3s orbital and 5 electrons in 3p orbital.
Cl needs one more electron to achieve octet in valence shell. Hence, it is a highly electronegative atom forming ionic bonds with metals as well covalent bonds with other nonmetals.
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Classify each as the following:element, compound, or mixture:
1. helium
2. water
3.sodium
4. a sedimentary rock
5.salt
6.air
Helium and Sodium are elements, Water and Salt are compounds, while Sedimentary Rock and Air are mixtures.
Explanation:To correctly classify each substance, we need to understand what elements, compounds, and mixtures are. An element is a pure substance consisting of only one type of atom. A compound is a substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded. A mixture is composed of two or more different substances that retain their own properties and can be separated physically.
Helium - Element: Helium is a type of atom and thus is an element. Water - Compound: Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom chemically bonded, making it a compound. Sodium - Element: Sodium is a type of atom, making it an element. Sedimentary Rock - Mixture: Sedimentary rock is formed from a blend of minerals and organic material, qualifying it as a mixture. Salt - Compound: Salt (NaCl) is composed of sodium and chloride ions chemically combined, hence it's a compound. Air - Mixture: Air is a mixture of various gases like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide.Learn more about Classifying Substances here:
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Which figure is the percent of energy at which one trophic level generally flows to the next level?
1)10%
2)35%
3)50%
4)100%
About 10% of the energy at one trophic level is transferred to the next, with the rest being used for metabolism or lost as heat, explaining why there are typically no more than four trophic levels in a food chain. Hence option A is correct.
The figure that represents the percent of energy transferred from one trophic level to the next is generally about 10%. Energy is passed up a food chain or web from lower to higher trophic levels, and it is depicted by an energy pyramid. The other 90% of the energy is used for metabolic processes or given off to the environment as heat. This significant loss of energy at each step explains why typically there are no more than four trophic levels in a food chain or web, because there isn't enough energy left to support more levels.Hence option A is correct.
Is taking a glass of water and freezing it by placing in the freezer chemical change?
Brainly why is carbon so special compared to other elements?
a. carbon atoms can bond to one another and form a lot of different structures.
b. only carbon atoms can form covalent bonds with oxygen and hydrogen.
c. only carbon atoms can be dissolved in water solutions and suspensions.
d. carbon atoms have four valence electrons and can form quadruple bonds.
Your answer would be A. Hope this helps!
The speciality of carbon arises from its ability to form multiple covalent bonds and create complex structures, which are fundamental to organic compounds and therefore, to life. It's the base for a range of compounds due to its bonding capacity with varying elements.
Explanation:Carbon is special compared to other elements mainly because of its ability to form various structures through covalent bonds, thanks to its four valence electrons. This characteristic enables carbon atoms to bond together forming long chains, or other complex structures, known as carbon skeleton, which is the fundamental feature of organic compounds. However, carbon atoms do not form quadruple bonds and can bond not just with hydrogen and oxygen, but with other elements as well.
Carbon in Organic Compounds:
Organic compounds, which are the basis of life, contain carbon skeletons and hydrogen. Carbon's ability to form covalent bonds with hydrogen, oxygen, and other elements is essential to the diverse structures and functions of these compounds. Also, while carbon can indeed be dissolved in water solutions, so can many other elements.
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A mixture of n2(g) and h2(g) reacts in a closed container to form ammonia, nh3(g). the reaction ceases before either reactant has been totally consumed. at this stage 1.0 mol n2, 1.0 mol h2, and 1.0 mol nh3 are present. part a how many moles of n2 and h2 were present originally?
The amount of [tex]{{\text{N}}_2}[/tex] initially taken is [tex]\boxed{{\text{1}}{\text{.5 mol}}}[/tex] and the amount of [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}[/tex] initially taken is [tex]\boxed{{\text{2}}{\text{.5 mol}}}[/tex].
Further explanation:
Stoichiometry of a reaction is used to determine the amount of species present in the reaction by the relationship between the reactants and products. It can be used to determine the moles of a chemical species when the moles of other chemical species present in the reaction is given.
Consider the general reaction,
[tex]{\text{A}}+2{\text{B}}\to3{\text{C}}[/tex]
Here,
A and B are reactants.
C is the product.
One mole of A reacts with two moles of B to produce three moles of C. The stoichiometric ratio between A and B is 1:2, the stoichiometric ratio between A and C is 1:3 and the stoichiometric ratio between B and C is 2:3.
The balanced chemical equation for the formation of [tex]{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3}[/tex] is as follows:
[tex]{{\text{N}}_2}\left(g\right)+3{{\text{H}}_2}\left(g\right)\to2{\text{N}}{{\text{H}}_3}\left(g\right)[/tex]
The balanced chemical equation shows that 1 mole of [tex]{{\text{N}}_2}[/tex] and 3 moles of [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}[/tex] reacts to form 2 moles of [tex]{\mathbf{N}}{{\mathbf{H}}_{\mathbf{3}}}[/tex] .
In the question, reaction started with the unknown quantity of reactant [tex]{{\text{N}}_2}[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}[/tex] and stopped when 1.0 mol ammonia was produced. Also, reactants left in the reaction mixture are 1.0 mol of [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}[/tex] and 1.0 mol of [tex]{{\text{N}}_2}[/tex] .
According to the balance reaction 2 moles of ammonia is produced by the 3 moles of [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}[/tex] . Thus amount of hydrogen molecule required to produce 1 mole of ammonia is,
[tex]\begin{gathered}{\text{Moles of }}{{\text{H}}_2}=\frac{{3{\text{ mol }}{{\text{H}}_2}}}{{2{\text{ mol N}}{{\text{H}}_3}}}\times1{\text{ mol N}}{{\text{H}}_3}\\=1.5{\text{ mol }}{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}\\\end{gathered}[/tex]
According to the balance reaction 2 moles of ammonia is produced by the 1 mole of [tex]{{\text{N}}_2}[/tex] . Thus the amount of [tex]{{\text{N}}_2}[/tex] molecule required to produce 1 mole of ammonia is,
[tex]\begin{gathered}{\text{Moles of }}{{\text{N}}_2}=\frac{{1{\text{ mol }}{{\text{N}}_2}}}{{2{\text{ mol N}}{{\text{H}}_3}}}\times1{\text{ mol N}}{{\text{H}}_3}\\=0.5{\text{ mol }}{{\text{N}}_2}\\\end{gathered}[/tex]
Therefore, the amount of [tex]{{\text{N}}_2}[/tex] and [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}[/tex] are consumed until the reaction is stopped is 0.5 moles and 1.5 moles respectively.
Therefore, the amount of [tex]{{\text{N}}_2}[/tex] initially taken is,
[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Amount of }}{{\text{N}}_2}&=\left({1.0 + 0.5}\right){\text{ mol}}\\&=1.5{\text{ mol}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
The amount of [tex]{{\text{H}}_2}[/tex] initially taken is,
[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Amount of }}{{\text{H}}_2}&=\left({1.0 + 1.5}\right){\text{ mol}}\\&=2.5{\text{ mol}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Mole concept
Keywords: N2, H2, NH3, 3H2, 2NH3, limiting reagent, nitrogen, hydrogen, ammonia, 0.5 mol, 1.0 mol, 1.5 mol, 2.5 mol, 1.0 mol of NH3.
The number of moles of N2 and H2 that were originally present are;
N2 = 1.5 mol
N2 = 1.5 molH2 = 2.5 mol
We are told that N2(g) reacts with H2(g) to form ammonia NH3(g).This reaction when balanced is;
N2(g) + 3H2(g) = 2NH3(g)
Now, we are told that the reaction ceases before the reactants are totally consumed and that there was 1 mole of ammonia present. This means we have to simplify our balanced equation so that the number of moles attached to Ammonia(NH3) can be 1.Thus,divide each of the number of moles in the balanced equation by 2 to get;
0.5N2(g) + 1.5H2(g) = NH3(g)
We are told that the number of moles of N2 and H2 that were present at the stage after the reaction had ceased was;1 mol of N2 and 1 mol of H2.
Thus;
Number of moles of N2 originally present = 1 + 0.5 = 1.5 moles
Number of moles of H2 originally present = 1 + 1.5 = 2.5 moles
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A 10.63 g sample of mo2o3(s) is converted completely to another molybdenum oxide by adding oxygen. the new oxide has a mass of 11.340 g. add subscripts below to correctly identify the empirical formula of the new oxide.
The empirical formula of the new oxide is MoO₃.
1) Find the number of moles of Mo₂O₃: n= mass/Mwt=(18.75)/(239.9)=0.0782 mol of Mo₂O₃ 2)
Find the number of moles of Mo in Mo₂O₃: 1 mol Mo2O3 --> 2 moles of Mo
0.0782 mol of Mo₂O₃ --> X moles of Mo X = (2×0.0782)/1
=0.156 mol of Mo
In the first oxide (it would be the same for the second oxide “see step 3”) 3) The mass of Mo in the second oxide doesn’t change (because the question said that oxygen has been added “only”, therefore, the mass of Mo in the first oxide = the mass of Mo
in the second oxide: Mass of Mo = n x Mwt of Mo
= 0.156 x 95.95
= 14.97 grams.
4) Find the mass of oxygen in the second oxide: mass of the second oxide = mass of Mo + mass of O
Mass of O = Mass of the second oxide – Mass of Mo
= 22.50 – 14.97
= 7.53 grams
5) Find the empirical formula by finding their number of moles first, then divide it by the smallest number of moles:
mass of Mo = 14.97 grams --> moles of Mo
= 0.156 mol of Mo
mass of O = 7.53 grams
moles of O = 0.471 mol of O
Divide by the smallest number of moles (by 0.156)
Therefore, the new empirical formula is MoO₃.
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The empirical formula of the new oxide is MoO₄.
To identify the empirical formula of the new oxide, we need to calculate the number of moles of molybdenum and oxygen in the new oxide.
Moles of molybdenum:
Moles of molybdenum = 11.340 g / 95.94 g/mol = 0.118 mol
Moles of oxygen:
Moles of oxygen = (11.340 g - 10.63 g) / 16.00 g/mol = 0.0436 mol
Empirical formula:
The empirical formula of the new oxide is MoO_{x}, where x is the number of moles of oxygen per mole of molybdenum. We can calculate x by dividing the moles of oxygen by the moles of molybdenum:
x = 0.0436 mol / 0.118 mol = 0.370
Rounding to the nearest integer, we get x = 4. Therefore, the empirical formula of the new oxide is MoO₄.
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Hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes which figure into the average atomic mass found on the periodic table (1.00974): hydrogen-1, hydrogen-2, and hydrogen-3. Which would you guess is most abundant? Explain your answer
Is glucose a solution colloid or suspension?
If a particular compound is composed of elements A and B, the ratio of the mass of B to the mass of A will always be the same. This is a statement of the law of ____________________________.
What celsius temperature, t2, is required to change the volume of the gas sample in part a (t1 = 43 ∘c , v1= 1.13×103 l ) to a volume of 2.26×103 l ? assume no change in pressure or the amount of gas in the balloon?
The Celsius temperature required to change the volume of the gas sample to a specific volume at constant pressure can be found using Charles's Law. In this case, the temperature, volume, and initial conditions are given, allowing us to solve for the unknown temperature. By substituting the values into the formula, we find that the required temperature is 316 K.
Explanation:A volume change caused by a temperature change at constant pressure means we should use Charles's law. Taking V₁ and T₁ as the initial values, T2 as the temperature at which the volume is unknown and V₂ as the unknown volume, and converting °C into K we have:
T₂ = (T₁ * V₂) / V₁
Substituting the given values:
T₂ = (43 + 273) * (2.26 × 10³) / (1.13 × 10³)
T₂ = 316 K
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To change the gas volume from 1.13×10³ L at 43°C to 2.26×10³ L, the required temperature is 359°C. This is calculated using Charles's Law and converting temperatures between Celsius and Kelvin.
Calculating the Required Temperature Using Charles's Law
To solve this, we will use Charles's Law, which states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature (in Kelvin) when pressure and the amount of gas are constant. The formula for Charles's Law is:
V₁ / T₁ = V₂ / T₂
First, we convert the temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin:
T₁ = 43°C + 273 = 316 K
Next, we rearrange Charles's Law to solve for T₂:
T₂ = (V₂ × T₁) / V₁
Substitute the known values into the equation:
T₂ = (2.26×10³ L × 316 K) / 1.13×10³ L
T₂ = 632 K
Finally, convert the temperature from Kelvin back to Celsius:
T₂ = 632 K - 273 = 359°C
Thus, the required temperature t₂ is 359°C.
How many more valence electrons does carbon need to be a full outer valence shell?
a group of students wants to see how temperature affects the time it takes for spilled water to dry up in the investigation what will be the dependent and independent variables
A stack of books are sitting on the table. Which force is pulling it down ? A. Buoyant force B. Pressure force C. Gravitational force
There is a gravitational force pulling the stack of books downward. Gravity is always a factor on earth. Keep that in mind when asked these sort of questions. They are made to confuse you. Take your time and you will do just fine.
What percentage of a radioactive species would be found as daughter material after six half–lives?
how many significant figures in 11 soccer players
which property determines how well a solid resists breaking? strength hardness stress strain
The lowest temperature at which a flammable liquid gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture in air describes or defines its
Answer: Flash Point
Explanation: Volatile substance is the substance which can easily catch fires.
Thus, there must be a point to define that temperature when the volatile substance catches fire given enough source of flame. This point is known as Flash Point.
Thus, Flash point is defined as the lowest temperature at which the flammable or volatile liquid catches fire and convert itself into the ignitable mixture when enough source of ignition is given.
The atmosphere of the gas giants is usually made up mostly of hydrogen and ______.
Answer: Helium
Explanation:
What is the empirical formula of the phosphorus selenide?
Final answer:
The empirical formula of phosphorus selenide is represented as P₂Sen, where 'n' is the number of selenium atoms bonded to two phosphorus atoms. Specific stoichiometry is needed for an exact formula.
Explanation:
The empirical formula of a compound represents the simplest whole-number ratio of the elements within that compound. For phosphorus selenide, we need to look at the actual stoichiometry of the compound to determine its empirical formula. Without specific information on the stoichiometry, we cannot give an exact empirical formula. However, some known phosphorus selenides include P₂Se₃ and P₂Se. To generalize, an empirical formula for phosphorus selenide could be P₂Sen, where 'n' represents the number of selenium atoms that bond with two phosphorus atoms.
the grams of carbohydrate in one apple if the apple has no fat and no protein and provides 72 kcal of energy
The secondary structure of a protein results from _____. the secondary structure of a protein results from _____. bonds between sulfur atoms hydrophobic interactions peptide bonds hydrogen bonds ionic bonds
The secondary structure of a protein is determined by hydrogen bonds between amino acids in different regions of the polypeptide chain.
Explanation:The secondary structure of a protein results from hydrogen bonds between amino acids in different regions of the polypeptide chain. This folding can take the form of an alpha-helix or a beta-pleated sheet. Hydrogen bonds form between the oxygen atom in the carbonyl group of one amino acid and the amino acid that is four amino acids farther along the chain.
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"what would be the molecular formula for a polymer made from eight glucose (c6h12o6) molecules linked together by dehydration reactions?"
When a student adds benedict’s solution to a clear solution, the solution turns orange. the student can conclude that the solution has a high concentration of which biomolecule?
Answer:
Answer:
(an open) (30) (greater than 30) ( 40
Explanation:
i am smart
Mole-Mass Conversions
How many moles in 28.o grams of Oxygen?
What is the mass of 5.0 moles of Iron?
Find the number of moles of argon in 452 g of argon.
Find the grams in 16.5 mol of Hydrogen.
Final answer:
To find the number of moles in a given mass of a substance, divide the mass by the molar mass. To find the mass of a given number of moles of a substance, multiply the number of moles by the molar mass.
Explanation:
To find the number of moles in a given mass of a substance, we use the formula:
moles = mass / molar mass
For example:
1. To find the number of moles in 28.0 grams of oxygen:
moles = 28.0 g / 32.00 g/mol (molar mass of oxygen)
moles = 0.875 mol
2. To find the mass of 5.0 moles of iron:
mass = 5.0 mol * 55.85 g/mol (molar mass of iron)
mass = 279.25 g
3. To find the number of moles of argon in 452 g of argon:
moles = 452 g / 39.95 g/mol (molar mass of argon)
moles = 11.31 mol
4. To find the grams in 16.5 mol of hydrogen:
mass = 16.5 mol * 1.01 g/mol (molar mass of hydrogen)
mass = 16.665 g
What is the relationship between an element's atomic mass and an element's isotopes?
The relationship between an element's atomic mass and an element's isotopes is that they have the same number of protons in their respective nuclei.
Isotopes are those atomic species of the same element that differs in the number of nucleons in their nucleus.Isotopes differ in mass numbersProtons and neutrons are collectively called nucleons.They have the same number of protons as that of the parent atom in their respective nuclei.They have a different number of neutrons in their nucleus.So, from this, we can conclude that the relationship between an element's atomic mass and an element's isotopes is that they have the same number of protons in their respective nuclei.
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How many atoms of each element are in the chemical formula P2O5?
Answer:
There are two P (phosphorous) atoms and five O (oxygen) atoms.
Explanation:
The subscripts of each element represent the number of atoms of that element in the molecule.
Atom is the smallest unit of matter. An element is made of identical atoms.
A molecule is made up of more than one different element. And there are more than one atoms of each element in the molecule.
_______________ reactions transfer energy to the surroundings, usually as heat.
According to Boyle's law, the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature is —
numerically equivalent.
inversely proportional.
positively correlated.
totally unrelated.
An atom of copper is represented by 6529cu. how many neutrons are in the nucleus of this atom?
2. Electron A falls from energy level X to energy level Y and releases blue light. Electron B falls from energy level Y to energy level Z and releases red light. Which transition, from X to Y or from Y to Z, has a greater energy difference? Explain your answer and how you arrived at it. Use a diagram of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The answer is transition from Y to Z, has a greater energy difference because the red light means higher energy and the blue light means lower energy.
You would be able to find this on the diagram of electromagnetic spectrum.
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