Chemical triggers and messengers for many
processes within cells that cause most of the
differences you can see among organisms are
called

Answer:

Photosynthesis is the process in which cells use carbon dioxide and water to make glucose in the presence of sunlight.

Respiration is the process in which glucose molecules are utilized to release energy in the form of ATP.

Explanation:

Ans1- Respiration in cells occurs in mitochondria.  Cells gain energy in the form of ATP. Conversion of glucose in the form of ATP is known as cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration can take place either in presence of oxygen(aerobic respiration) or in absence of oxygen(anaerobic respiration ).

Before entering into cellular respiration glucose molecule has to be converted into pyruvic acid. This process in known as GLYCOLYSIS.

Anaerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria when oxygen is not present. It is known as fermentation.It is not effective process to produce ATP from glucose as in this process only 4 ATP can be released.  

Aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria in presence of oxygen.  This is effective pathway to gain ATP as it releases 36 ATP from 1 glucose molecule.

Ans2- All cells which has photosynthetic pigments are able to use photosynthesis. Example- Blue green algae, cynobacteria etc.

Ans3- We can see different shades of green colors of plants and leaves because of different types of chlorophyll present in plant. Chlorophyll are of 6 types in plant. Their types are based on the lights they absorb. Two main types of chlorophylls are chl a and chl b.

Ans4- Both plant and animal cells have mitochondria. In plant also they need energy. To get ATP from breakdown of glucose respiration is occur in plant also.

Ans5-In photosynthesis glucose is formed from water and carbon di oxide. 6 carbon dioxide and 6 molecules of water are used to make 1 molecule of glucose. Water and carbon di oxide are reactant in this process.

Ans6 -  Cells without oxygen can burn glucose to release energy. This process is known as Anerobic respiration/ fermentation. But the outcome of energy is lower than aerobic respiration. ( ANS1)

Ans7- In the process of photosynthesis reactants are water and carbon di oxide. Oxygen produced released in the form of gas along  with carbon di oxide.

Ans8- The enzymatic reaction of respiration occurs in mitochondria. Krebs cycle occurs in the matrix of mitochondria.( ETC electron transport chain) to release ATP occurs in cristae of inner membrane of  mitochondria.

Ans9- Plants make glucose through photosynthesis . In  presence of sunlight plants use carbon dioxide and water to make sugar.

Answer:

The alteration of generation is also called metagenesis. Haploid and diploid both stages are multicellular. Here both may be dominant to various types of degree but in different species. Meiosis and fertilization separate the organism's development into two. The two stages are different genetically. This cycle happens in plant and some different types of algae. About all animal have diploid-dominant cycle in which gametes are only haploid.  Most fungi and some protists have haploid dominant cycle.  In this cycle, the body of the organism become mature.

Answer:

Grassland

Explanation:

"Aquatic" means "relating to water"

Grasslands do receive rainfall, but not enough for it to be an aquatic biome.

From the given options, the one which is not an aquatic biome is: (2) grassland.

Grasslands are terrestrial biomes characterized by vast areas of grasses and few trees, with varying levels of rainfall and seasonal changes. These ecosystems are found on every continent except Antarctica and can vary in climate, vegetation, and animal life depending on their location.

An aquatic biome, also known as an aquatic ecosystem, refers to any environment that is predominantly water-based, encompassing both freshwater and marine habitats. These biomes can range from small bodies of water like ponds to vast oceans and include various types of aquatic ecosystems, such as lakes, rivers, estuaries, coral reefs, and the open ocean.

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The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:

Which of the following is NOT an aquatic biome?

Answer:

A. theory

there is no way of knowing for sure wether this is true but there is evidence

Answer:

An ecosystem is made of all biotic and abiotic components in a particular area.

Explanation:

In any ecosystem two components perform together. These are biotic component and abiotic component.

Abiotic component-  These are the non living component of ecosystem. All the environmental conditions minerals are the part of abiotic component.

All are abiotic component of an ecosystem.

Biotic component- All living organisms, plant etc. are biotic component of ecosystem. These can be understand by following points.

Answer:

Sugar and other starch molecules get stored in the body in the form of glycogen. Glucose is the main energy source that is required by the body during exercise. Complex molecules, like starch and glycogen, need to be converted into glucose during exercise. So, having a carbohydrate-rich diet before exercise is necessary.

The glucose is then used for cellular respiration to generate ATP molecules. About, 36-38 molecules of ATP are generated by aerobic respiration.

Answer:

Anaphase of meiosis II

Explanation:

I think you are asking during which phase of cell division sister chromatids are mostly likely to fail to separate properly, a phenomenon that can lead to genetic disease.

This is sometimes called non-disjunction, and it is most likely to occur in anaphase during meiosis II. During this stage, sister chromatids of the two daughter cells produced by meiosis 1 are separated and brought to opposite parts of the cell. If something goes wrong at this stage, the sister chromatids can fail to separate properly, meaning the daughter cells do not have the correct number of chromosomes (see attachment).

An example of such a genetic disorder is Down syndrome

The question which the scientist should ask to help collect evidence for the argument is "Does the lava have a definite volume and does it flow freely?". Thus, the correct option is C.

When the magma flows or erupts onto Earth's surface, it is called as the lava. When lava erupts from the volcano it is made up of a slush of crystals, liquid, and bubbles. The liquid rocks and magma "freezes" to form volcanic glass. Chemically, this lava is made up of the elements like silicon, oxygen, aluminum, iron, magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and titanium with some other elements in very small concentrations.

The lava can be claimed to be liquid by the argument which questions "Does the lava have a definite volume and does it flow freely" as liquids have a definite volume and flows freely in any container or space.

Therefore, the correct option is C.

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Answer:

A hypothesis.

Explanation:

A hypothesis is a tentative answer to a scientific question. A testable hypothesis is a hypothesis that can be proved or disproved as a result of testing, data collection, or experience. Only testable hypotheses can be used to conceive and perform an experiment using the scientific method.

Answer:

The role of cyclin-dependent kinases in the cell cycle is "They initiate various stages of the cell cycle ".

Explanation:

Cyclin dependent kinase belong to the family of protein kinase that have been first discovered due to their role of regulating the cell cycle. They also helps in the transcription, mRNA processing and also in the differentiation of the nerve cells. A single cyclin belongs from a class of cell cycle helps in the molecule control, and when more one cyclin are there they form a group together which further helps in the progression of the cell by the help of check points.

Answer:

Because of the pressure build up. it also expanded

Explanation:

Final answer:

The soda can exploded in the freezer because water and the dissolved CO₂ in the soda both expanded as they froze, increasing the pressure inside the can beyond its physical limits, which led to the eruption.

Explanation:

The soda can exploded because the temperature inside the freezer caused the liquid inside the can to freeze and expand. When water freezes, it expands by about 9%, and given that soda is mostly water, a similar expansion occurred. This expansion increased the pressure inside the can beyond its structural limits, leading to the explosion. Moreover, soda contains dissolved carbon dioxide (CO₂), which also expands when it cools and turns from a liquid to a solid. Due to the kinetic-molecular theory, the molecules in the soda moved more slowly in the cooler temperatures of the freezer, which made the liquid less capable of keeping the CO₂ dissolved.

This phenomenon relates to Henry's Law, which states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly related to the pressure of that gas above the liquid. In cold temperatures, the gas becomes less soluble, and if the container has no room to accommodate this change in pressure, it can lead to a rupture as the gas escapes. Additionally, when the pressure of the carbon dioxide in the can drops, such as when a bottle is left open, the dissolved gas escapes and causes the soda to “go flat”. The presence of a pocket of air in containers like a glass bottle of vinegar allows for some expansion without breaking, but a tightly sealed soda can does not have this cushioning.

Answer:

C.

Explanation:

Lipids and proteins are both types of macromolecules. Macromolecules are molecules made up of more than one atom.

Answer:

The correct answer is C.

C. Macromolecules

Explanation:

Less expensive source of energy is available.

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Answer:

Less expensive source of energy is available

Explanation:

Oil is considered, alongside water, the main natural resource of the modern era. Although there are government efforts around the world to reduce dependence on this element, it is still the most widely used fuel. In addition to the fact that it is a non-renewable resource, oil has the disadvantage of emitting large quantities of pollutants into the atmosphere during its burning.

However, oil has several advantages, the first being that it represents a more efficient and cheaper form of energy. In addition, its reservoirs are generally easy to locate, extract and process.

The DNA replication occurs by preparing a new strand of DNA that is based on the template strand only. So understanding the nitrogen base pairing is very essential for understanding DNA replication.

DNA replication occurs prior to any type of cell division in all organisms. In case of humans, the DNA that is to be replicated needs to be de winded by means of decondensation of chromosomes into chromatin fibres and then to DNA fibres. Then there are enzymes like helicase and gyrase which helps in breaking the hydrogen bonds between two strands of DNA and to open it up for enzymes to get attached.

Then the enzyme DNA dependent DNA polymerase works on both the strands of DNA where it reads the mother DNA strand as a template and then brings deoxyribonucleotides complementary to the template strand and then polymerises it with the previous nucleotide to form a new DNA strand. Thus two DNA strands are produced which are again complementary to each other, leading to the production of a new daughter DNA. So, understanding the complementary base pairing is very essential to understand the DNA replication.

Answer:

D. F formed before the horizontal layer above was deposited.

Explanation:

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The nucleus divides = mitosis

The cytoplasm divides = cytokinesis

The DNA replicates = interphase

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The nucleus divides = mitosis, The cytoplasm divides = cytokinesis and The DNA replicates = interphase.

A cell's growth and division are accompanied by a sequence of processes known as a cell cycle. A cell spends the majority of its time in what is known as interphase, where it develops, duplicates its chromosomes, and gets ready to divide.

The cell then exits interphase, goes through mitosis, and finishes dividing. Each of the resultant cells, referred to as daughter cells, enters its own interphase to start a fresh cycle of the cell.

We refer to the procedure through which cells multiply and divide into two new cells as the cell cycle. G1, S, G2, and M are the phases of the cell cycle, respectively.

Therefore, The nucleus divides = mitosis, The cytoplasm divides = cytokinesis and The DNA replicates = interphase.

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Answer:

gradient of the stream

A stream table is a tool used to show how water causes erosion. Water from the left side of the table is added to model a stream is gradient of the stream.

The gradient of any line or curve tells us the rate of change of one variable with respect to another.

Thus, gradient of the stream is the correct answer.

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Answer & Explanation:

Two major types of mutations are deletions and substitutions

Deletion occurs when the DNA replication machinery misses or removes some nucleotides, meaning some of the sequence is missing from the new DNA. This can be just one nucleotide, a few, or lots of nucleotides.

Substitution occurs when the DNA replication machinery makes the wrong sequence, substituting one or several bases for others.

Both of these mutations can be deleterious, and occur at the level of the individual nucleotide. The effects of each of them greatly depend on the location and size of the mutation.

An example of a deletion mutation that causes a disease is in cystic fibrosis, where there is a deletion in the gene CFTR. The most common mutation, is a deletion of three nucleotides that causes a the loss of the amino acid phenylalanine at residue 508.

An example of a substitution mutation causing a disease is sickle cell anemia, which changes a glutamic acid to a valine in the haemoglobin protein.

Final answer:

The two major types of mutations are germline and somatic mutations, both involving DNA sequence changes but differing in heritability and impact. Germline mutations are inheritable and affect all cells of the offspring, while somatic mutations are not inheritable and only affect certain cells in the individual.

Explanation:

Major Types of Mutations and Their Distinctions

There are two major types of mutations: germline mutations and somatic mutations. Both play crucial roles in biology, but have distinctive characteristics and implications.

Germline Mutations

Germline mutations occur in the sex cells, such as eggs and sperm. These mutations are heritable, meaning they can be passed down to offspring. For example, a mutation in the BRCA gene associated with increased cancer risk is a germline mutation, as it can be inherited from a parent.

Somatic Mutations

Somatic mutations occur in other cells of the body, excluding the sex cells. These mutations are not passed down to offspring but can lead to diseases such as cancer within the individual. An example of a somatic mutation is the acquisition of mutations in the TP53 gene in a single liver cell, leading to liver cancer.

Commonalities and Differences

Both types of mutations involve changes in the DNA sequence. However, germline mutations affect the offspring's entire genome and are heritable, while somatic mutations affect only certain cells in an individual and are not heritable. Understanding the differences between these mutations is crucial for genetics and medical research.

Answer:

Heart

Explanation:

WIthout Heart, you will die. But you can breathe volunatrily without a brain.

Answer:

The heart

Explanation:

The best way to measure if the food is staying  cold enough is to use a thermometer to check the temperature of the food

Explanation:

Those foods are called Potentially hazardous where bacteria will be held at temperatures in the danger zone, or room temperature. It is 41-degree Fahrenheit and 135-degree Fahrenheit. It means 135-degree Fahrenheit or hotter is the exact temperature for hot holding potentially hazardous food.  For cold holding potentially hazardous food is 41°F or colder.

With heating and cooling we keep food move out through the danger very soon. Each and every food needs different temperature for heating and cooling. So, we should use thermometer.  

This answer explains the process of gas exchange in the lungs, differentiates ventilation from gas exchange, and details the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide during the exchange.

Gas Exchange Process in the Lungs:

Oxygen and carbon dioxide flow during gas exchange: In the lungs, oxygen moves from the alveoli into the capillaries while carbon dioxide moves from the capillaries into the alveoli.

Ventilation vs. Gas Exchange: Ventilation is the process of breathing, moving air in and out of the lungs, while gas exchange is the actual transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood.

Explanation of Gas Exchange: Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli where oxygen diffuses into the blood and binds to hemoglobin while carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled.

Answer:

-collect data on tree height and moth population size

Explanation:

The answer should be D I believe. While you can study other ecosystems, you are testing this one, and you are finding correlation between the amounts of moths and the growth/heights of the trees, so the answer should be this.

Answer:

transpiration

Explanation:

Plants absorb water on their stems and leaves and that water leaves when they release oxygen in the process of photosynthesis. The water is evaporated then begins to form into a cloud following the rest of the water cycle and the process starts again.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Answer:

B. Cypress trees

An observation that would allow for identification of the cell as an animal cell rather than a plant cell would be the nucleoli disappearing.

Explanation:

Mitosis is first phase where parent cell is divided into two identical daughter cells. It is the primary organism where organism generates new cells through cell division. It is a duplication of its parent cell. Here parent cell passes genetic material to its daughter cell. It is the first stage of cell division.

The main purpose is replacing a worn out new cell. In mitosis, chromosome becomes highly compact. It can be seen through microscope in both plant and animal cell

The major distinguishing factor when viewing a cell under a microscope that is undergoing mitosis would be the presence of migrating centrioles, which are only found in animal cells. Centrioles play a crucial role in the organization of mitotic spindle fibers, necessary for chromosome separation. Plant cells don't have centrioles but utilize a different mechanism for spindle fiber formation during mitosis.

In this scenario, the major distinguishing factor would be the centrioles migrating. Centrioles are a structure you would only find in animal cells. They play a key role in cell division, or mitosis, by migrating to opposite ends of the cell non to form the poles of the mitotic spindle, which is essential for separating the chromosomes between the two daughter cells. However, plant cells do no possess centrioles. They instead use a different process to organize their spindle fibers to form during mitosis. Other aspects, including the separating of chromosome pairs, the twisting of chromosomes, or the disappearance of nucleoli, could be observed in both kinds of cells during mitosis.

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Answer:

Thorough observation and understanding of dominance types

Explanation:

It is very simple to distinguish between traits following complete dominance or incomplete dominance

There can be three cases of dominance

a) Complete dominance - where characteristics of one allele are expressed over and above the characteristics of the other allele

b) Incomplete dominance - Here both the traits are dominant but a blending of the two traits occur  for example red and white flower producing pink flower

c) Co-dominance - Here both the traits are dominant but no blending occurs between the two traits occur  for example red and white flower producing flower with red and white bands

Based on the above definitions , pattern of complete dominance is followed or not in case of snapdragon can be depicted.

We can tell that snapdragons don't follow complete dominance due to the pink flowers of heterozygotes indicating an incomplete dominance pattern of inheritance, where neither red nor white alleles are completely dominant, resulting in an intermediate phenotype.

You can tell that these snapdragons do not follow the pattern of complete dominance because of the presence of an intermediate phenotype in the heterozygote snapdragons. In cases of complete dominance, one allele is completely dominant over the other, and the heterozygote expresses the dominant phenotype. However, in incomplete dominance, the heterozygote expresses a phenotype that is a blend of the two parental phenotypes. For instance, when crossing a snapdragon with red flowers (CRCR) with one that has white flowers (CWCW), the offspring are not red or white but display pink flowers, which indicates a mix of both red and white traits.

This phenomenon contradicts the historical view that inheritance always results in dominant and recessive traits, as was first demonstrated by Gregor Mendel in his pea plant experiments. Incomplete dominance, like in the example of the snapdragon flowers, shows that one gene for flower color can have alleles for red and white, neither of which is completely dominant. Therefore, the resulting pink flowers of the heterozygotes (CRCW) clearly show the intermediate inheritance pattern.

Answer:

The diffusion of water across a selective permeable membrane is called osmosis.

Explanation:

Osmosis can be described as the movement of water molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a selectively permeable membrane. As the water molecules tend to move along the concentration gradient, hence the process of osmosis is a type of passive transport. Very little or no energy will be required for the process of osmosis to occur.

In contrast, during the process of active transport, molecules move against a concentration gradient and hence require energy.

The process of water diffusion across a selectively permeable membrane is known as osmosis. It aids in the movement of water from a region with low solute concentration to a region with higher solute concentration, helping maintain balance inside the cells.

The diffusion of water across a selective permeable membrane is known as Osmosis. In biological terms, osmosis is an essential process for the survival of organisms. It helps in the movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. This movement maintains the balance of water and solutes inside the cells of the organism.

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Answer:

No, you would not expect to find a muscle tissue in a plant.

Explanation:

Why? because muscle tissues are built up of cells that receive and react to signals sent from the brain, though some plants (usually carnivorous or touch sensitive) do have different ways of movement. But again, these methods are *Not* muscle tissues!

Muscle tissue is not found in plants. Plants have different types of specialized tissues such as vascular and ground tissue.

No, you would not expect to find muscle tissue in a plant.

Plant cells are different from animal cells and do not have the specialized structures and proteins required for muscle movement.

Instead of muscle tissue, plants have different types of specialized tissues, such as vascular tissue for transporting water and nutrients, and ground tissue for storage and support.

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Answer:

The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere would decrease.

Explanation:

This is because phytoplankton have chlorophyll to capture sunlight, and they use photosynthesis to turn it into chemical energy. They consume carbon dioxide, and release oxygen. All phytoplankton photosynthesize, but some get additional energy by consuming other organisms.