Cellulose, chitin, and peptidoglycan function as structural molecules and withstand pulling and pushing forces well. which structural feature is most directly responsible? see section 5.3 ( page 114) .

In a bronsted lowry proton transfer reaction, the hydroxide functions as a/an proton acceptor.

Bases are the opposite of acids. Bases are basic since they take or accept protons. For example, a Hydroxide ion can accept a proton to form water.

Answer:

Base

Explanation:

A Brønsted-Lowry acid is simply a compound that supplies a hydrogen ion in a reaction. A Brønsted-Lowry base on the other hand, is a compound that accepts a hydrogen ion in a reaction.

Thus, the Brønsted-Lowry definitions of an acid and a base focus on the movement of hydrogen ions in a reaction, rather than on the production of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in an aqueous solution.

The hydroxide ion in these compounds accepts a proton (Hydrogen ion) from acids to form water: This means shydroxides functions as a base.

If the ion is negatively charged, anion, it means that it gains two electrons from its surroundings. The number of electrons of an argon (neutral atom) is 18. Two of the electrons in our anion is from the surrounding, so originally it only has 16 electrons.

In the periodic table, the 16th element is sulphur. The chemical symbol of sulphur is S. Thus, the anion is the negatively charged sulphur with chemical symbol of S2-. 

The elements in the periodice table are not listed in alphabetical order, because the arragement in rows (periods) and columns (groups or familes), in increasing order of atomic number (number of protons of the atoms) permits to explain similarities among the elements, trend in some properties, and even predict properties of unknown elements.

For example, the elements of the first group (family), called alkaline metals, all have 1 valence electron, have similar physical properties (ductibility, malleability, luster, thermal and electricity conductivity), react in similar way with water, show a trend in the atomic radii and in the ionization energy.

You can tell similar stories for other groups like, alkalyne earth metals, halogens and noble gases.

You can also tell trends in electroneativities, and atomic radii, for a row of elements, as per the order they are in the row.

So, the current array resulted very helpul for chemists to explain and predict the behavior and properties of the elements.

The periodic table of elements is organized based on chemical properties and atomic structure, not in alphabetical order. Elements are arranged in ascending order of their atomic numbers, and elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.

The elements on the periodic table are not listed in alphabetical order, but instead they are organized based on their chemical properties and atomic structure. This organization makes it easier to understand and predict how different elements will react with each other. The elements are arranged in ascending order based on their atomic number, which is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. Elements in the same group (vertical column) have similar chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons in their outer shell.

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AMP is a nucleotide which stands for Adenosine monophosphate and it is also known as 5'-adenylic acid. It can exist as a cyclic adenosine monophosphate molecule and non cyclic adenosine monophosphate.

To classify each molecule as an aliphatic or an aromatic hydrocarbon, we need to determine if they are alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes.

To classify each molecule as an aliphatic or an aromatic hydrocarbon, we need to determine if they are alkanes, alkenes, or alkynes.

By examining the structure of each molecule, we can identify their classification as aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons.

Answer:

Kr < Ar < Ne < N (N is fastest and Kr is slowest)

Explanation:

According to graham law of diffusion, rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of molar mass of the gas.

                                        [tex]R\propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{M}}[/tex]

Where R is rate of diffusion and M is molar mass

Molar masses of given gases are - Ar(40 g/mol), Ne(20 g/mol), N(14 g/mol) and Kr(84 g/mol)

So molar mass order : Kr > Ar > Ne > N

Hence rate of diffusion order: Kr < Ar < Ne < N (N is fastest and Kr is slowest)

The solvolysis of 1−chloro−2,2−dimethylpropane (also known as tert-butyl chloride) will occur faster than the reaction of tert-butyl chloride in ethanol due to the greater stability of the resulting carbocation.

The solvolysis of 1−chloro−2,2−dimethylpropane (also known as tert-butyl chloride) will occur faster than the reaction of tert-butyl chloride in ethanol. The reason is because 1-chloro-2,2-dimethylpropane is a tertiary alkyl halide, which means it has a highly substituted carbon atom attached to the halide. This high substitution stabilizes the transition state via hyperconjugation, thereby significantly accelerating solvolysis.

This implies that the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the stability of the carbocation formed during solvolysis; tertiary carbocations are more stable than secondary ones due to hyperconjugation and inductive effect. Therefore, tertiary halides undergo solvolysis more readily than secondary halides.

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Hey, I know i'm too late but the answer is

C. Kelvin

Kelvin is the correct SI unit used to measure the temperature of substance.

Hope this somewhat helps! :)

Explanation:

Atomic number of copper is 29 and it is a d-block element.The electronic configuration of copper is as follows.

Electronic configuration of copper is [tex][Ar]4s^1 3d^{10}[/tex]

According to the Aufbau principle, in the ground state of an atom or ion the electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest energy levels first, before filling the higher energy levels.

But completely filled d-shell is more stable in nature. Hence, one electron from the 4s shell goes into the d-orbital so the copper atom can attain stability.

So, when a copper atom loses an electron then it goes out from the 4s shell first.

Final answer:

The observed electron configuration of copper (Cu) is [Ar] 3d10 4s1.

Explanation:

The observed electron configuration of Cu is [Ar] 3d10 4s1.

Copper has an anomalous electron configuration because it is a transition metal. The half-filled 3d manifold with one 4s electron is more stable than a partially filled d-manifold and a filled 4s manifold. This leads to the anomalous electron configuration of Cu.

This deviation from the normal electron design happens on the grounds that copper has a higher dependability when its 3d sublevel is totally loaded up with 10 electrons, as opposed to having 9 electrons in the 3d sublevel and 2 during the 4s sublevel. This peculiarity is known as the "half-filled or completely filled sublevel soundness."

Any rational equation that the denominator is equal to zero will be rejected. The denominator of the rational equation must never be equal to zero. These are called Extraneous Roots and this must be rejected. The extraneous roots appear when we are solving an equation in a perfectly correct way, because certain operations have more than one solution.

During buildup in reflux condenser, the greatest tallness is most of the way up to the condenser. In the event that dissolvable gathers higher than this most extreme tallness, the majority of the dissolvable may keep running over into the response cup or might be the response will begin prior, And if the dissolvable don't go up than the greatest stature, the response does not occur to begin prior.  

Further Explanation:  

Reflux:  

Heartburn is otherwise called acid reflux, corrosive acid reflux, or pyrosis. It happens when a portion of the acidic stomach substance return up into the throat. Heartburn makes a consuming agony in the lower chest zone, frequently in the wake of eating.  

reason for a reflux device:  

Reflux is a procedure including the buildup of vapors and the arrival of this condensate to the framework from which it began. It is utilized in mechanical and research center refining processes. It is likewise utilized in science to supply vitality to responses over an extensive stretch of time.  

Reflux is utilized:

To keep the dissolvable from dissipating, a reflux condenser is utilized. This is a glass segment with a subsequent segment encompassing it through which cool water streams. As vapor from the bubbling dissolvable ascents into inside section of the reflux condenser, it is cooled by the coat of water outwardly and consolidates.

Subject: chemistry  

Level: college

Keywords: Reflux, reason for a reflux device, Reflux is utilized.

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Answer: All substances are composed of elements.

Explanation: Matter is anything which has mass and occupies space.

The substances can be made up element alone like Helium (He).

They can be made up of molecules of elements also like hydrogen [tex](H_2)[/tex]

They can also be made up of molecules of compounds like carbon dioxide [tex](CO_2)[/tex]

They can be made up of mixtures like salt solution in water.

Since all the mixtures, compounds and molecules consists of elements. Therefore, all the substances are composed of elements.

The number of atoms can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles with the Avogadros number. The Avogadros number is 6.022 x 10^23 atoms / moles, therefore:

number of atoms = 2.36 moles * 6.022 x 10^23 atoms / mole

number of atoms = 1.42 x 10^24 atoms

Answer:

1.42 x 10^24 xenon atoms

Answer:

c

Explanation:

because its c

Answer : [tex] 3.2 X 10^{15} g/cm^{3} [/tex]

Explanation :  To convert amu i.e. atomic mass unit in grams we have the conversion factor as 1 amu = [tex] 1.66054 X 10^{-24} g [/tex]

we know the mass of the proton is 1.0073 amu

So converting it into grams we have to multiply;

1.0073 amu X  [tex] 1.66054 X 10^{-24} g/amu [/tex] = [tex] 1.673 X 10^{-24} g [/tex]

Now, Volume = 1/6πd³ as diameter is given as [tex] 1.0 X 10^{-15} m [/tex] converting it to cm will require to multiply with 100

∴ Volume  = 1/6π [tex](1.0 X 10^{-15}mX 100 cm / 1 m)^{3} [/tex]

Hence, volume =  [tex] 5.236 X 10^{-40} cm^{3} [/tex]

Therefore, Density = mass / volume

∴ Density =  [tex] 1.673 X 10^{-24} g / 5.236 X 10^{-40} cm^{3} [/tex]

Therefore, Density will be [tex] 3.2 X 10^{15} g/cm^{3} [/tex].

The density of a proton in g / cm₃ = 3.19.10⁻¹⁵

Atoms are composed of 3 types of basic particles namely protons, electrons, and neutrons

the mass of the basic particle is expressed in units of atomic mass

This atomic unit uses the standard atomic mass, that is, the C-12 isotope

1 atom C-12 = 12 atomic mass units

1 atomic mass unit = 1/12 x mass 1 C-12 atom

1 unit of atomic mass = 1.66.10 ⁻²⁴ g

the basic particle mass in atomic mass units is:

electron mass = 9.11.10⁻²⁸ g

proton mass = 1.6726.10⁻²⁴ g

neutron mass = 1,675.10⁻²⁴ g

The proton mass is considered to be equal to 1 atomic mass unit and is also considered to be equal to 1 atomic mass unit

1 unit of atomic mass = 1.6726.10⁻²⁴ g = 1.6726.10⁻²⁷kg

Density is a quantity derived from the mass and volume

density is the ratio of mass per unit volume

The unit of density can be expressed in g / cm³ or kg / m3³

Density formula:

[tex]\large {\boxed {\bold {\rho ~ = ~ \frac {m} {V}}}}[/tex]

ρ = density

m = mass

v = volume

Assume protons as spheres

with a diameter of 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁵m = 1.0.10⁻¹³ cm

then the volume = 4/3 π r³ or 1/6πd³

proton volume = 1 / 6π(1.0 × 10⁻¹³)³

proton volume = 5.23.10⁻⁴⁰

density becomes:

density = mass: volume

density = 1.6726.10⁻²⁴: 5.23.10⁻⁴⁰

density = 3.19.10⁻¹⁵ g/cm³

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Keywords: density, mass, volume

First convert 0.163 grams of N2O to mol by dividing it with the molecular weight. The molecular weight of N2O is 44 grams/mol. The answer would be 3,79x10^-3. Then multiply it with 2 since there are 2 Nitrogen in one mole of N2O. Therefore, there are 7.41x10^-3 moles of Nitrogen. 

Answer:

[tex]n_N=7.41x10^{-3}molN[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, one develops the following mass-mole relationship, taking into account that [tex]N_2O[/tex] has two nitrogens inside, thus:

[tex]n_N=0.163gN_2O*\frac{1molN_2O}{44gN_2O}*\frac{2molN}{1molN_2O}\\n_N=7.41x10^{-3}molN[/tex]

Best regards.

Effective nuclear charge by 2p = 13.35

Effective nuclear charge by 3p = 6.1

The effective nuclear charge is the nuclear charge which is influenced by the shielding effect of electrons

The effective nuclear charge (Zeff) can be formulated as:

[tex]\large{\boxed{\bold{Z_{eff}\:=\:Z\:-\:S}}}[/tex]

with

Z = nuclear charge = atomic number

S = shield constant

Shielding constants are constants that are generated from the core attraction of electrons in the inner skin

Rules for calculating shield constants

/ 1s / 2s, 2p / 3s, 3p / 3d / 4s, 4p / 4d / 4f / 5s, 5p / 5d / 5f /

* Electrons in the same shell shielding effects = 0.35

* Electrons in the skin have deeper shielding effects = 0.85

* Electrons in the skin are deeper than shielding effects = 1.00

On Cl atom which have electron configurations:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵

1s² 2s² 2p⁶

the electron to the right of 2p does not have a shielding effect

so the shield constant:

S = 0.35. 8 + 0.85.1

S = 3.65

Zeff = Z - S

Zeff = 17 - 3.65 = 13.35

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵

because 3p⁵ then only 4 electrons are counted so there are 2 + 4 = 6 electrons in the skin 3

so the shield constant:

S = 0.35 x 6 + 0.85 x 8 + 1 x 2

S = 10.9

Zeff = 17-10.9 = 6.1

The effective nuclear charge

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Keywords: The effective nuclear charge, electron, core, electron configurations:

The effective nuclear charge can be calculated from Slater's rules.

According to Slater's rule, the effective nuclear charge is obtained from;

Zeff = Z - S

Zeff = effective nuclear charge

Z = nuclear charge

S = screening

Note that;

For a 2p chlorine electron;

Chlorine has electron configuration, 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

S = 7(0.35) + 2(0.85) = 2.45 + 1.7 = 4.15

The total nuclear charge of chlorine Z = 17

Zeff = 17 - 4.15

Zeff = 12.85

For the 3p electron;

S = 6(0.35) + 8(0.85) + 2(1.00)

S = 2.1 + 6.8 + 2 = 10.9

Zeff = 17 - 10.9

Zeff = 6.1

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Advent of new information that poses challenges to existing theories would result in a theory being replaced rather than revised.

Theory is defined as a thoughtful explanation which is provided for observations which is constructed using scientific methods.The theory brings together many facts and hypothesis.

It is called as theory as it provides some set of assumptions initially which provide description to the field's approach to the subject.These are elementary theorems of a particular theory.It is a rational type of thinking about a set of observations.

They may be scientific,or non scientific or have no discipline at all.There are three types of theory:1) scientific, 2)philosophical and 3) moral.It provides explanation regarding the underlying mechanisms .

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Answer: The density of rock is 3.60 g/mL

Explanation:

To calculate density of a substance, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Density of a substance}=\frac{\text{Mass of a substance}}{\text{Volume of a substance}}[/tex]

We are given:

Mass of rock = 47.6 g

Volume of rock = 13.2 mL

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]\text{Density of rock}=\frac{47.6g}{13.2mL}\\\\\text{Density of rock}=3.60g/mL[/tex]

Hence, the density of rock is 3.60 g/mL

I think the correct answers are X2Y and X3Y, X2Y5 and X3Y5, and X4Y2 and X3Y, for the following reason: 

If you look at the combining masses of X and Y in each of the two compounds, 

The first compound contains 0.25g of X combined with 0.75g of Y 
so the ratio (by mass) of X to Y = 1 : 3 

The second compound contains 0.33 g of X combined with 0.67 g of Y 
so the ratio (by mass) of X to Y = 1 : 2 

Now, you suppose to prepare each of these two compounds, starting with the same fixed mass of element Y ( I will choose 12g of Y for an easy calculation!) 

The first compound will then contain 4g of X and 12g of Y 
The second compound will then contain 6g of X and 12g of Y 

The ratio which combined the masses of X and the fixed mass (12g) of Y
= 4 : 6 
or 2 : 3 

So, the ratio of MOLES of X which combined with the fixed amount of Y in the two compounds is also = 2 : 3 

The two compounds given with the plausible formula must therefore contain the same ratio.

To identify plausible sets of formulas for two compounds containing elements X and Y, use the given masses to calculate the ratios and apply the law of multiple proportions to determine simple whole-number ratios for potential empirical formulas.

The question is regarding the identification of plausible sets of formulas for two compounds containing generic elements X and Y based on the amounts of element X in both compounds. By using the mass data provided (0.25 g and 0.33 g of X), along with the total sample mass (1.00 g for each compound), we can find the respective amounts of element Y in each compound (0.75 g and 0.67 g of Y, respectively).

Then, by taking the ratios of the masses of X to Y for each compound, we can determine simple whole-number ratios, which can suggest possible empirical formulas for the compounds. These formulas are based on the law of multiple proportions, which states that if two elements form more than one compound between them, then the ratios of the masses of the second element that combine with a fixed mass of the first element will be ratios of small whole numbers.

The formula for pH given the pKa and the concentrations are:

pH = pKa + log [a–]/[ha]

Therefore calculating:

3.75 = 3.75 + log [a–]/[ha]

log [a–]/[ha] = 0

[a–]/[ha] = 10^0

[a–]/[ha] = 1

Answer:

[tex]\frac{[A^-]}{[HA]}=1[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, one state the following relationship among the pH, pKa and the [a–]/[ha] ratio for the formic acid:

[tex]\frac{[A^-]}{[HA]}=\frac{Ka}{[H^+]}[/tex]

In such a way, we compute both the concentration of hydrogen ions and the acid's dissociation constant as:

[tex][H^+]=10^{-pH}=10^{-3.75}=1.78x10^{-4}M[/tex]

[tex]Ka=10^{-Ka}=10^{-3.75}=1.78x10^{-4}[/tex]

Thus, the [a–]/[ha] ratio becomes:

[tex]\frac{[A^-]}{[HA]}=\frac{1.78x10^{-4}}{1.78x10^{-4}}\\\frac{[A^-]}{[HA]}=1[/tex]

Best regards.

Every compound or element has a fixed number of molecules per mole. This is given by the Avogadros number which is about 6.022 x 10^23 molecules per mole. Therefore:

molecules = 2.50 moles * (6.022 x 10^23 molecules / mole)

molecules = 1.5055 x 10^24 molecules of SO2

Final answer:

To find the number of molecules in 2.50 moles of sulfur dioxide (SO₂), multiply 2.50 moles by Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10²³ molecules/mole), resulting in 1.506 x 10²⁴ molecules of SO₂.

Explanation:

The question of how many molecules are in 2.50 moles of SO₂ (sulfur dioxide) can be answered by using Avogadro's number, which is a key concept in chemistry. Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10²³) represents the number of entities, in this case, molecules, in one mole of a substance.

Therefore, to find out how many molecules are present in 2.50 moles of SO₂, we multiply the moles of SO₂ by Avogadro's number.

2.50 moles of SO₂ × 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mole = 1.506 × 10²⁴ molecules of SO₂.