Can someone help me with #1 please?

The liquid mantle flowing through the cracks in Earth's crust during volcanic eruptions.

Final answer:

The formation of Earth's crust is most likely due to the D. liquid mantle flowing through cracks during volcanic eruptions, as at divergent boundaries, molten material from the mantle rises and cools to form new crust.

Explanation:

The processes that help in the constant formation of Earth's crust are primarily associated with tectonic activities and the movement of magma. According to the options provided, the liquid mantle flowing through the cracks in Earth's crust during volcanic eruptions (D) is the most likely process responsible for the formation of new crust. This is because at divergent boundaries, such as the Mid-Ocean Ridge, molten material from the mantle rises through the gaps created by tectonic plates moving apart.

As the molten material cools, it solidifies and forms new crust. Convection currents in the mantle (B) are thought to drive the movement of tectonic plates, contributing to processes such as sea floor spreading and the creation of new crust along the Mid-Ocean Ridge. Additionally, subduction zones where oceanic crust collides with continental crust (B) can lead to volcanic activity and the formation of new crust.

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Catalysts lower the activation energy of the reactants so the reaction proceeds faster than naturally.  The catalyst does not change the reaction (the potential energy of the reaction remains the same) in any other way and is not caused by the reaction.

Answer: Option (D) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

A catalyst is defined as the substance which lowers the activation energy of a chemical reaction without itself getting consumed in the reaction so that there will be increase in rate of reaction.

As catalyst, basically lowers the activation energy so that reactant molecules with lower energy can also participate in the reaction. Hence, more number of collisions can occur due to which there is rapid formation of products.

Thus, we can conclude that the statement catalysts reduce the energy needed for the reaction to take place, is true about catalysts.

The reactants of cellular respiration are glucose and oxygen, or A. They react to form carbon dioxide, water, and energy as products.

Answer: the percent composition of carbon in heptane is 83.9%

Explanation:

1) Atomic masses of the atoms:

2) Molar mass of heptane:

3) Mass of carbon in one mole of heptane:

3) Percent composition of carbon:

           = (84.07 g/ 100.2 g) × 100 = 83.9% ← answer

The direction of a chemical reaction depends on the comparison between the reaction quotient and the equilibrium constant. If the reaction quotient is greater than the equilibrium constant, the reaction goes in the reverse direction, and vice versa. This can be determined using concentrations (Qc, Kc) or partial pressures (Qp, Kp).

In the context of chemistry, a reaction's direction can indeed be predicted by comparing the reaction quotient (Qc) with the equilibrium constant (Kc). If Qc > Kc, the reaction will tend to move in the reverse direction to reach equilibrium, as it indicates that there are too many products and not enough reactants. Conversely, if Qc < Kc, the reaction will proceed in the forward direction, as it means that there are too many reactants and not enough products. Similarly, partial pressures can be used using the reaction quotient (Qp) and equilibrium constant (Kp). These concepts are central in the study of chemical equilibria, and understanding them will help comprehend how concentrations and pressures influence the direction of reactions.

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Equilibrium constants for gas-phase reactions can be expressed in terms of partial pressures. The relationship between partial pressures (Kp) and molar concentrations (Kc) can be derived from the ideal gas equation.

In chemistry, for gas-phase solutions, the equilibrium constant can be expressed either in terms of molar concentrations (Kc) or partial pressures (Kp) of the reactants and products. These two equilibrium constants are interrelated and can be derived using the ideal gas equation: PV = nRT where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature.

The equilibrium constant Kp for a reaction involving gases is defined in terms of the partial pressures of the gases. For example, consider the reaction:

[tex]C_2H_6(g)[/tex]⇌ [tex]C_2H_4(g) + H_2(g)[/tex]

The equilibrium constant expression based on partial pressures would be:

[tex]Kp = (PC_2H_4)(PH_2) / PC_2H_6[/tex]

The reaction quotient (Qc or Qp) is calculated using initial or current pressures and can predict the direction of the reaction:

Using partial pressures allows for a precise understanding of how the system behaves under different conditions, including changes in initial amounts of reactants/products, temperature, and volume.

Answer:

a) 0.125 M.

b) 0.04888 M.

c) 0.2056 M.

d) 5.625 x 10⁻³ M.

Explanation:

(MV)before dilution = (MV)after dilution

(a) 1.00 L of a 0.250 M solution of Fe(NO₃)₃ is diluted to a final volume of 2.00 L.

∵ (MV)before dilution of Fe(NO₃)₃ = (MV)after dilution of Fe(NO₃)₃

M before dilution = 0.250 M, V before dilution = 1.00 L.

M after dilution = ??? M, V after dilution = 2.00 L.

∵ (MV)before dilution of Fe(NO₃)₃ = (MV)after dilution of Fe(NO₃)₃

∴ (0.250 M)(1.00 L) = (M after dilution of Fe(NO₃)₃)(2.00 L)

∴ M after dilution of Fe(NO₃)₃ = (0.250 M)(1.00 L)/(2.00 L) = 0.125 M.

(b) 0.5000 L of a 0.1222 M solution of C₃H₇OH is diluted to a final volume of 1.250 L.

∵ (MV)before dilution of C₃H₇OH = (MV)after dilution of C₃H₇OH

M before dilution = 0.1222 M, V before dilution = 0.500 L.

M after dilution = ??? M, V after dilution = 1.250 L.

∵ (MV)before dilution of C₃H₇OH = (MV)after dilution of C₃H₇OH

∴ (0.1222 M)(0.500 L) = (M after dilution of C₃H₇OH)(1.250 L)

∴ M after dilution of C₃H₇OH = (0.1222 M)(0.500 L)/(1.250 L) = 0.04888 M.

(c) 2.35 L of a 0.350 M solution of H₃PO₄ is diluted to a final volume of 4.00 L.

∵ (MV)before dilution of H₃PO₄ = (MV)after dilution of H₃PO₄

M before dilution = 0.350 M, V before dilution = 2.35 L.

M after dilution = ??? M, V after dilution = 4.00 L.

∵ (MV)before dilution of H₃PO₄ = (MV)after dilution of H₃PO₄

∴ (0.350 M)(2.35 L) = (M after dilution of H₃PO₄)(4.00 L)

∴ M after dilution of H₃PO₄ = (0.350 M)(2.35 L)/(4.00 L) = 0.2056 M.

(d) 22.50 mL of a 0.025 M solution of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ is diluted to 100.0 mL.

∵ (MV)before dilution of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ = (MV)after dilution of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

M before dilution = 0.025 M, V before dilution = 22.50 mL.

M after dilution = ??? M, V after dilution = 100.0 mL.

∵ (MV)before dilution of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ = (MV)after dilution of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁

∴ (0.025 M)(22.50 mL) = (M after dilution of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁)(100.0 mL)

∴ M after dilution of C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ = (0.025 M)(22.50 mL)/(100.0 L) = 5.625 x 10⁻³ M.

The molarity of the diluted solutions can be calculated using the dilution equation: M1V1 = M2V2. For (a) the solution is 0.125 M, while for (b) it is 0.04888 M.

Calculating the molarity of the diluted solutions can be achieved by using the equation for dilution: M1V1 = M2V2, where M1 is the initial molarity, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final molarity, and V2 is the final volume. By substituting the given values into this equation, we can solve for the unknown molarity value.

(a) After diluting 1.00 L of a 0.250-M solution of Fe(NO3)3 to a final volume of 2.00 L, the final molarity (M2) would be (0.250 M * 1.00 L) / 2.00 L = 0.125 M.

(b) After diluting 0.5000 L of a 0.1222-M solution of C3H7OH to a final volume of 1.250 L, the final molarity (M2) would be (0.1222 M * 0.5000 L) / 1.250 L =  0.04888 M.

Acceptance of the answer should depend on the confidence that the answer is correct.

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A molecule is formed

The molar mass of glucose is 180.16g/mol. So to convert grams of glucose into moles of glucose, divided the mass in grams by the molar mass, and grams will cancel out leaving you with moles. 120g / 180.16 g/mol = 0.666 moles

Final answer:

The terms such as 'parent hydrocarbon chain', 'hydrocarbon', and 'unsaturated' describe the structural aspects of organic molecules, while 'isomers', 'alkane', 'benzene', and 'alkene' are types of molecules distinguished by their bonding patterns or specific structures.

Explanation:

The longest continuous chain of carbons is called the parent hydrocarbon chain.

An organic compound containing only hydrogen and carbon is called a hydrocarbon.

Sometimes an organic formula is written with a substituent group notation, which is a shorthand notation that represents a hydrocarbon side chain.

A hydrocarbon compound that contains multiple bonds is said to be unsaturated.

Some molecules have the same chemical formula but a different bonding pattern. These molecules are referred to as isomers.

A hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds is called a alkane or saturated hydrocarbon.

An aromatic ring structure with the formula of C6H6 is called benzene.

Ethene is an example of a alkene.

The cis and trans isomers are also called geometric isomers because their atoms are arranged differently with respect to their double bonds.

Answer:

40 atm

Explanation:

Boyle’s law states that for a fixed amount of gas the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas at constant temperature.

P1V1 = P2V2

Where P1 is pressure and V1 is volume at the first instance

And P2 is pressure and V2 is volume at the second instance

Substituting the values in the equation

2.0 atm x 200 mL = P2 x 10 mL

P2 = 40 atm

The new pressure is 40 atm

The new pressure of the helium gas is 40 atm.

To calculate the new pressure of the helium, we use the formula below.

Formula:

Where:

Make P' the subject of the equation

From the question,

Given:

Substitute these values into equation 2

Hence, The new pressure of the helium gas is 40 atm.

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If 1 dozen apples has a mass of 2.0 kg and 0.20 bushel is 1 dozen apples, how many bushels of apples are in 1.0 kg of apples?

0.1 bushels

There are 0.1 bushels in 1 kg of apple.

A dozen is a set of 12 things. A dozen of apples mean 12 piece of apples , a dozen of people mean 12 people.

It is given that

a dozen apples has a mass of 2.0 kg

and 0.20 bushel is 1 dozen apples,

bushels of apples are in 1.0 Kg of apples = ?

If 2 kg apples mean 1 dozen = 12 apples

then 1 kg apples will mean 6 apples

1 dozen or 12 apples = 0.20 bushels

6 apples will be 0.20 /2 = 0.1 bushels

Therefore there are 0.1 bushels in 1 kg of apple.

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Manganese Oxide?????

Manganese oxide is a blackish/ brown solid and the primary natural source of manganese. Oxide compounds are not conductive to electricity.

the answer is Manganese Oxide (Mn2O3)

Answer: Its intermolecular forces can be partially overcome.

Explanation:

Solid state : In this state, the molecules are arranged in regular and repeating pattern. They have fixed shape and fixed volume. The molecules are closely packed that means they are fixed and vibrate in place but they can not move from one place to another.  They are in compressible.

For example : Copper

Liquid state : In this state, the molecules are present in random and irregular pattern. They have fixed volume but take the shape of the container. The molecules are closely packed but they can move from one place to another and thus intermolecular forces can be overcome. They are less compressible.

For example : water

Gaseous state : In this state, the molecules are present in irregular pattern. They have neither fixed shape nor volume.The molecules are not closely packed and they can move randomly at high speeds. They are highly compressible.

For example : Helium gas

First, please check the missing part in your question in the attachment.

a) So first, the Rank of pressure:

according to this formula PV = nRT and when n = m/Mw

PV = m/Mw * R*T

when we have the same mass m and the same V volume so P will proportional with the mole weight M as when the M is smaller the pressure will be greater 

when Mw of H2(A) = 2 g / Mw of He (B) = 4 g and Mw of CH4(C) = 16 g

∴ Pressure :

 (A) > (B) > (c)

B) The rank of average molecular kinetic energy:

when K = 3/2 KB T

when K is the average kinetic energy per molecule of gas 

and KB is Boltzmann's constant

and T is the temperature (K)

So from this equation, we can know that K only depends on T value, and when we have the T constant here for A, B, and C So the rank of K will be like the following:

∴ A = B = C

C) the rank of diffusion rate after the valve is opened:

according to this formula:

R2/R1 = √M1/M2

from this equation, we can see that diffusion is proportional to the reciprocal of the molecular mass M so,

when Mw H2 (A) = 2 g & Mw He(B) = 4 g & CH4 (C) = 16 g

∴ the rank of diffusion:

A > B > C

D) The rank of the Total kinetic energy of the molecules:

when we have the Mw different so it will make the no.of molecules differs as when the Mw is low the no.of molecules will be hight, and when the average molecular kinetic energy equals. so the total kinetic energy will depend on no. of molecules 

∵ Mw A < Mw B < Mw C 

∴no .of molecules of A > B >C

∴ the rank of total kinetic energy is:

A > B > C

e) the rank of density:

when ρ = m/ v 

and m is the mass & v is the volume and we have both is the same for A, B, and C

so the density also will be the same, ∴ the rank of the density is:

A = B = C

F) the rank of the collision frequency:

as the no.of molecules increase the collision frequency increase and depend also on the velocity and it's here the same.

∴ Collision frequency will only depend on the no.of molecules

we have no.of molecules of A > B > C as Mw A < B < C 

∴the rank of the collision frequency is:

A > B > C 

2.54m/s. See the attached image for work. X represents the velocity of SF4.

To calculate the velocity of sulfur tetrafluoride under the same conditions as oxygen, we need to consider their molar masses and use the formula for calculating the velocities of gases.

In order to determine the velocity at which sulfur tetrafluoride would travel under the same conditions as oxygen, we need to consider their molar masses. The molar mass of sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4) is 108.07 g/mol, while the molar mass of oxygen (O₂) is 32.00 g/mol. Since the velocities of gases are inversely proportional to the square root of their molar masses, we can use the formula:

The velocity of sulfur tetrafluoride = Velocity of oxygen × √(molar mass of oxygen / molar mass of sulfur tetrafluoride)

Using the given velocity of oxygen as 29.0 m/s, we can substitute the molar masses and calculate the velocity of sulfur tetrafluoride.

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The answer is E. You must use the formula q=mCDeltaT to solve this equation. You must also use the formula that q(reaction)=q(solution) to solve this problem

Answer:

The specific heat capacity of the metal piece is [tex]0.571J/g^oC[/tex].

Explanation:

The heat given by the hot body(metal pace) is equal to the heat taken by the cold body(water).

[tex]q_1=-q_2[/tex]

[tex]m_1\times c_1\times (T_f-T_1)=-m_2\times c_2\times (T_f-T_2)[/tex]

where,

[tex]c_1[/tex] = specific heat of metal = ?

[tex]c_2[/tex] = specific heat of water = [tex]4.184 J/g^oC[/tex]

[tex]m_1[/tex] = mass of metal = 57.3 g

[tex]m_2[/tex] = mass of water = 155 g

[tex]T_f[/tex] = final temperature of water = [tex]24.72^oC[/tex]

[tex]T_1[/tex] = initial temperature of metal = [tex]88^oC[/tex]

[tex]T_2[/tex] = initial temperature of water = [tex]21.53^oC[/tex]

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get

[tex]57.3g\times c_1\times (24.5-88.0)^oC=-155g\times 4.184J/g^oC\times (24.72-21.53)^oC[/tex]

[tex]c_1=0.571 J/g^oC[/tex]

The specific heat capacity of the metal piece is [tex]0.571J/g^oC[/tex].

the number and kind of each atom on the reactants side must be equal to number and kind of each atom on products side.

Final answer:

In a chemical reaction, the number and type of atoms remain constant from reactants to products, following the law of conservation of matter. Chemical equations are balanced by adjusting the molecular coefficients to ensure this atomic consistency. Conservation of mass is also observed, with mass being equivalent in the reactants and products.

Explanation:

In accordance with the law of conservation of matter, the number and kind of atoms must remain constant throughout a chemical reaction. This means the number of each type of atom in the reactants is equal to the number of each type of atom in the products.

To ensure this is the case, chemists balance chemical equations by adjusting coefficients in front of the chemical formulas, which represent the amount (in moles) of substances involved in the reaction. Balancing an equation may require a methodical back-and-forth process until the same numbers of atoms for each element are present on both sides of the equation.

Furthermore, while the number of atoms is conserved during the reaction, the number of molecules may change because molecules can break apart, and atoms rearrange to form different molecules. The mass of the reactants and products is also conserved, exemplified by Avogadro's number relating atoms to moles, and moles to molar mass. This conservation of mass is a fundamental concept in chemical reactions.

False. carbon-carbon bonds that share 2 pairs of electrons are double bonds. An unsaturated hydrocarbon isnt necessary to only have double bonds. they can also have single bonds or triple bonds.

Answer: The given statement is false.

Explanation:

An unsaturated hydrocarbon is a chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms in which adjacent carbon atoms are attached together through double or triple bond.

Since it is known that carbon atom forms covalent compounds so, an unsaturated hydrocarbon not only contains double or triple bonds it also has single bonds in between.

Thus, we can conclude that the statement all of the covalent carbon-carbon bonds in unsaturated hydrocarbons share 2 pairs of electrons, is false.

Answer:

3) NaCl.

Explanation:

∵ ΔTf = iKf.m

where, i is the van 't Hoff factor.

Kf is the molal depression freezing constant.

m is the molality of the solute.

The van 't Hoff factor is the ratio between the actual concentration of particles produced when the substance is dissolved and the concentration of a substance as calculated from its mass.

So, for sugar: i = 1.

∴ ΔTf for sugar = iKf.m = (1)(Kf)(2.0 m) = 2 Kf.

For NaCl, it is electrolyte compound which dissociates to Na⁺ and Cl⁻.

So, i for NaCl = 2.

∴ ΔTf for NaCl = iKf.m = (2)(Kf)(1.0 m) = 2 Kf.

So, the right choice is: 3) NaCl.

Answer:

Explanation:

The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom is equal to the atomic number (Z). The number of electrons in a neutral atom is equal to the number of protons. The mass number of the atom (M) is equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Explanation:

Molarity is defined as the number of moles divided by volume in liter.

Mathematically,      Molarity = [tex]\frac{no. of moles}{volume in liter}[/tex]

But for two solutions or mixtures with equal number of moles the formula to calculate molarity will be as follows.

                      [tex]M_{1}V_{1}[/tex] = [tex]M_{2}V_{2}[/tex]

                      [tex]1.00 m \times 0.01 l[/tex] = [tex]M_{2} \times 0.02 l[/tex]

                               [tex]M_{2}[/tex] = 0.5 m

Thus, we can conclude that the molarity of the NaOH is 0.5 m.

Answer:

= -266.24°C

Explanation:

According to ideal gas law;

PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant and T is the temperature.

PV = nRT  

T = PV/(nR)

   = 143 kPa * (1atm/101.325 kPa) * 1.00L / (2.49 mol * 0.08206 Latm/molK)

    = 6.91 K

     = -266.24°C

To find out the temperature of the gas in Celsius, we must use the ideal gas law, input known values, solve for temperature in Kelvin and then convert to Celsius.

The given question seeks to determine the temperature of a gas contained in a specific volume, based on the number of moles of the gas. As such, we will need to use the ideal gas law PV=nRT - where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of mols, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is temperature. For our calculation, we will use the standard pressure of 1 atm and an ideal gas constant value of 0.0821 L atm/mol · K.

The ideal gas law rearranges to T = PV/nR. With pressure P being 1 atm, volume V being 1 L and n being 2.49 mol, we get T = (1 atm x 1 L) / (2.49 mol x 0.0821 L atm/mol · K). After performing the calculation, you need to remember that the resulting temperature will be in Kelvin. As a final step, to convert temperature from Kelvin to Celsius, we subtract 273.15 from our result.

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Answer:

Explanation:

1) Osmotic pressure is a colligative property, which means that it depends on the number of particles of solute present in the solvent.

2) The mathematical expression that relates osmotic pressure with the concentration of solute is:

Where:

3) Here:

4) Calculate M

             = 0.605 atm / (1 × 0.08206 L atm mol⁻¹ K⁻¹ × 298.15 K) =

             = 0.0247 atm (three significant figures)

5) Calculate number of moles, from molarity definition:

            ⇒ n = M × V (in liters) = 0.0247 M × 0.250 liter =

                    = 0.00618 moles

6) Calculate molar mass:

                             = 2.35 g / 0.00618 moles

                             = 380 g/mol ← answer

The molar mass of the given organic compound based on the given osmotic pressure and solution composition is calculated to be 379 g/mol.

The question asks for the molar mass of an organic compound that was dissolved in water to create a dilute aqueous solution. The resulting osmotic pressure of 0.605 atm at 25°C will be used to calculate the molar mass.

Firstly, the osmotic pressure formula is II = MRT, where M is the molarity, R is the ideal gas constant (0.08206 L atm/mol K) and T is the temperature in Kelvin (25°C = 298.15 K). Thus, you can solve it like this: 0.605 atm = M * 0.08206 L atm/mol K×298.15K, from which we get the Molarity as 0.0248 mol/L.

Secondly, molar mass is calculated by dividing the mass of the solute by the number of moles. If we had 0.250 L of solution with a molarity of 0.0248 mol/L, the total amount of moles in the solution would be (0.250 L) * (0.0248 mol/L) = 0.0062 mol. Now, if these 0.0062 mol were acquired from 2.35 g of the organic compound, the molar mass would be (2.35 g) / (0.0062 mol) = 379 g/mol.

In conclusion, the molar mass of your organic compound is 379 g/mol based on the information provided in the question.

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i know if ur talking about medications then its usually prescribed for people with depression and anxiety

Cellular Respiration is an Exothermic reaction as the product is ATP (energy)

please mark me as the brainliest

Answer:

Exothermic reaction because the product produced is ATP (energy)

Explanation:

Answer:

[tex]-253.2 ^{\circ}C[/tex]

Explanation:

First of all, we need to convert the pressure of the gas from torr to Pa. We know that:

1 torr = 133.3 Pa

So, the pressure in Pascals is

[tex]p=(312 torr)(133.3 Pa/torr)=4.16\cdot 10^4 Pa[/tex]

Then we also have:

n = 0.133 number of moles of the gas

[tex]V=525 mL=0.525 L=5.25\cdot 10^{-4} m^3[/tex] volume of the gas

The ideal gas equation states that

[tex]pV=nRT[/tex]

where R is the gas constant and T the absolute temperature. Solving the equation for T, we find

[tex]T=\frac{pV}{nR}=\frac{(4.16\cdot 10^4 Pa)(5.25\cdot 10^{-4} m^3)}{(0.133 mol)(8.314 J/mol K)}=19.8 K[/tex]

In Celsius, it becomes

[tex]T=19.8 K-273=-253.2 ^{\circ}C[/tex]

Final answer:

The ideal gas law is used to calculate the temperature of a gas by using the equation PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

Explanation:

The ideal gas law is used to calculate the temperature of a gas. The ideal gas law is a single equation that relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of an ideal gas. The formula to calculate the temperature of a gas using the ideal gas law is:

PV = nRT

Where:

By rearranging the ideal gas law equation and solving for T, you can calculate the temperature of a gas.

one of the parents (or both of them) could be a carrier for the allele of light brown skin if the brown skin is the dominant gene. so if both of the parents are carriers of the gene for the light brown skin, then theres a small chance that their child could have light brown skin

Answer:

2.037.

Explanation:

∨ ∝ 1/√M.

Where, ∨ is the rate of diffusion.

M is the molar mass of the gas.

(∨)Ne/(∨)Kr = √(M of Kr/M of Ne) = √(83.8 / 20.2) = 2.037.