Hi
Before answering the question, we need to understand the fact that there are some abiotic and biotic factors which affect the growth and development of plants, for example sunlight, wind, heat, presence of certain beneficial insects, bacteria etc. Although the height of plant is determined by its genetics mainly, however the effects of external factors cannot be ignored since they highly affect a plant's development.
Q 1( (a) Identify THREE Biotic or Abiotic factors that could differ at high and low elevations and cause the difference in plant height
In this question, we are asked about two plants of same specie which grow with different heights at low and high elevations. If we think about the abiotic factors of mountain, we know that thee are certain factors which differ at low and high elevation). These are:
1: Concentration of Oxygen: Oxygen is low in concentration at high elevations and high in concentration in low areas. As we know oxygen is important for plant growth and development, therefore, oxygen a plenty of oxygen in lower elevations help plant to gain good and genetically pre-determined height.
2: Temperature: Temperature varies greatly at high and low elevations, In high elevated areas the temperature is lesser as compared to low elevations. Just like oxygen, temperature is also a key factor that controls the development of plant, a good temperature helps the plant to reach its genetically predetermined height.
3: Water: In hilly regions, water do not accumulate at the mountain tops and runs down from top to the bottom elevations of the hills, therefore more water is accumulated in lower elevations as compared to high elevated regions. Just like oxygen, water is also a key factor that controls the development of plant, a good amount of water helps the plant to reach its genetically predetermined height and therefore, plants in region of lower elevations grow taller because the regions receive more water.
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2: (b) Using one of the factors listed in part (a) as an independent variable, write a hypothesis that proposes how this variable could cause the difference in plant height at high and low elevations.
If we talk about Independent variables, these are the factors that are varied or changed in an experiment as per our wish because we want to see the effect of this change on dependent variable (the other one that is being studied). We select Independent variable as water here and dependent variable as Plant height that is affected by change in water concentration. Now we propose the hypothesis:
Hypothesis: The more water concentrations can enhance the height of a plant as compared to a plant given lower quantities of water.
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3: (c) You are given seeds for this species of plant. Design a procedure for a controlled experiment to test your hypothesis.
Now we take water as an independent variable and grow the plant seeds in green house in same pots, same temperature, same light intensity but only difference is the concentrations or quantities of water we give them daily. This will tell us, whether change in water quantities change the heights of plants or not. This sort of experiment is called a controlled experiment in which some factors are altered and others remain same.
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4: (d) Describe the results that would support your proposed hypothesis, and the results that would refute your hypothesis.
Positive results: Suppose that we see a clear difference i heights of the plants grown with lower quantities of water (They are short) and higher quantities of water (They are tall). This is a positive and significant result which tells us that actually water is the factor which is responsible for altered plant heights at lower and higher elevations respectively.
Negative results: On the other hand, If height of both plant groups (grown in different water quantities) is same, it means that there is no remarkable difference between the plant heights and water is not a controlling factor, which refutes our hypothesis.
Hope it helps!
Answer:
A. Three biotic/abiotic factors responsible for plant height
Temperature (abiotic)Moisture content / water (abiotic)Wind / air pressure (abiotic)Microbial activities in the soil (biotic)Justification:
- At higher elevations, low temperature reduces the plant growth significantly. Further, it has been well-established that temperature significantly impacts the expression of genes. In the presence of a cooler atmosphere, the plant height is expected to decrease.
- The availability of water at the top of the mountain is lesser because most of the water will flow down the hill. Therefore, it will affect the water content in the soil, thus affecting nutrients availability and soil quality parameters as well (total organic carbon, microbial activities, etc.). On the other hand, at lower elevations, there will be more water available for plant growth and nutrients bioavailability.
- At higher elevations, the wind/air pressure would be high compared to the lower elevations. Thus, the plants at higher elevations will often fall down and only smaller height plants will survive better.
- Biogeochemical transformation or high turn over of the soil ingredients is better expected at lower elevations due to the combined action of all of the abovementioned conditions. Briefly, microbial activities will be fast in the presence of high temperature, high moisture content and low wind pressure. The food will be abundantly available for microbes and their high turn over will increase the soil quality. This will ultimately impact the growth of the plants.
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B. Hypothesis to test: Increasing the temperature of the soil obtained from elevations would improve the microbial activities thus supporting the bioavailability of nutrients, which are necessary for the plant growth (N, P, K).
N=Nitrogen, P=Phosphorus, K=Potassium
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C. Soil will be obtained from the top of mountains (high elevations) for plant growth study. The changes in topsoil would improve plant growth in the presence of nutrients. Different treatments could be
Control #1: Plants growing in the soil incubated at a lower temperature (4°C).Control #2: Plants growing in the soil incubated at a higher temperatures (30°C).Treatment #1: Plants growing in the soil at lower temperature in the presence of nutrients (N, P, K)Treatment #2: Plants growing in the soil at high temperature in the presence of nutrients (N, P, K).------------
D. Expected results:
Improving temperatures for soil obtained from higher elevations would improve biological activities. The nutrients (N, P, K) bioavailability will be increased and the growth of plants would be improved. Also, the relative proportion of total microbial counts (tested via 16S sequencing) will be high after improvement in temperature. Thus, the study would support that temperature is a crucial and driving factor for plant growth, which indirectly affects the microbial biogeochemical cycles and affect the soil quality.
Which of the following is an example of sustainable development?
A. clear cutting
Cloverfishing
B. sustainable fishing
D. mountain top removal
The sustainable fishing is an example of sustainable development.
Explanation:
The sustainable development has its focus on sustainability, meaning that the area that is developed should be developed in a manner that will enable continuous production and availability of certain goods. This is done by undertaking certain measures, as the resources are not endless, so they have to be managed very carefully in order to be available year in year out. A good example of this is the sustainable fishing.
The sustainable fishing is performed in a manner that strictly regulates the amount of fish that is fished, in what period should the fishing go on, the size of the fish, as well as the species of fish. This results in leaving the fish to reproduce freely, always having high enough number for reproduction, releasing the young fish if caught, and having good supply of fish each year. This benefits the fish, the economy, the diet of the humans, and the well being of the environment.
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What two
scientist established the structure of DNA
Answer:
Francis Crick and James Watson
Explanation:
James Watson and Francis Crick established the structure of DNA in 1953. They used X-ray crystallography data collected by Rosalind Franklin to construct the double-helix model.
Explanation:The two scientists who established the structure of DNA were James Watson and Francis Crick. They made this groundbreaking discovery in 1953, which formed the basis for our understanding of genetics and heredity. Watson and Crick used X-ray crystallography data collected by Rosalind Franklin to construct the famous double-helix model of DNA.
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What is an Intermolecular force
Inter-molecular force:
These are the force that helps in holding two covalent molecules together. It may be with forces of attraction or can be repulsion. E.g. atom or ions, ion induced dipole forces. It can be better understood by forces of attraction between the molecules of water. Here the intermolecular force helps in holding the hydrogen atom and oxygen atom of single water molecule. They are of four types, first one is
Ionic bond> hydrogen bond> dipole-dipole interaction > dispersion force.
Answer:
a) a force acting between two different molecules
Explanation:
a p e x :)
Water droplets sticking to spider webs is caused by the same property that caused a water droplet to stick to your finger in your lab. What property of water is responsible?
Question 15 options:
capillary action
surface tension
cohesion
adhesion
Answer:
Adhesion
Explanation:
Its just like Water drops on a pine needle or on anything else, Cohesion is when water is attracted to water. Therefor its Adhesion, because that's when water is attracted to other things or substances.
The greenhouse effect _______.
a.
is essential for life on Earth
b.
warms Earth’s atmosphere
c.
is a natural phenomenon
d.
all of the above
Answer is option d. all of the above
The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that warms Earth's atmosphere. It is essential for life on Earth because it traps heat from the sun, which keeps the planet's temperature at a level that is suitable for life. Hence option D) all the above is correct.
The sun's rays hit Earth's atmosphere. Some of the rays are reflected back into space, but some are absorbed by gases in the atmosphere. The gases that absorb the rays, such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane, trap the heat and keep it from escaping.
The trapped heat warms Earth's atmosphere and surface. Without the greenhouse effect, Earth's average temperature would be about -18 degrees Celsius (-0.4 degrees Fahrenheit). This is too cold for life to exist.
However, human activities are increasing the greenhouse effect by emitting more greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. This is causing the planet to warm, which is leading to climate change.
So, the greenhouse effect is essential for life on Earth, but it is also being affected by human activities. This is a cause for concern, as it could lead to more extreme weather events and rising sea levels.
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Why are there many separate ecosystems in a rainforest
Answer:
Because there are different conditions that support different organisms.
Explanation:
Messenger interact with the active site of a receptor by_________
A) Lock n Key method
B) Induced fit method
C) Both (a) & (b)
D) None of these
Answer:
both of the models have enzymes that bind and the binding is covalent
Explanation:
Answer:
C) Both (a) & (b)
Which of the following best describes the process of transcription during protein synthesis?
A. to pair tRNA with mRNA
B. to deliver amino acids to the nucleus
C.to produce anticodons that will be delivered to the ribosome
D. to make an RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence
Answer:
The answer is 'D'. Transcription is the process by which a single stranded mRNA is formed from the double stranded DNA.
Explanation:
The central machinery of biology involves three processes- replication, transcription and translation. The process by which DNA doubles itself is called replication. In translation, protein is formed from the messenger RNA or mRNA. The major steps involved in transcription are:
InitiationElongationTerminationIn the process of translation, amino acids bind together in the ribosome to form a polypeptide chain.
Answer:
D I think
Explanation:
Explain Earth’s gravity as it orbits the Sun.
Answer:
the Earth orbits the Sun because of the pull of the Sun's gravity. This happens because the Earth has a acceleration in the direction perpendicular to the force of the Sun's pull and if the Sun weren't there, the Earth would travel in a straight line.
Explanation:
Some people with spinal cord injuries do not sweat below the area of the injury. Without the ability to sweat, the
human body temperature begins to rise. Which statement would best describe this situation?
Feedback mechanisms regulate blood sugar levels.
Gene mutations are increased.
Energy from ATP is not available,
Dynamic equilibrium is disrupted,
Answer:
The dynamic equilibrium of the body is disrupted as a result of a spinal cord injury. So the answer is 'D'.
Explanation:
The whole body works on the command of the brain. The brain is responsible for sending messages to the body via the spinal cord. If there is any damage to the spinal cord the message will not reach the body.
Even, if the message goes to the spinal nerves, the message cannot climb back up. Also, the usual reflex movements are not under the control of the brain. A person with a spinal cord injury cannot sweat or even have goosebumps and as a result the temperature rises. The equilibrium of transmission and receiving back of the messages is disturbed.
Final answer:
The inability to sweat after a spinal cord injury disrupts an individual's homeostasis, specifically affecting the dynamic equilibrium necessary to regulate body temperature, which can lead to the body overheating.
Explanation:
Individuals with spinal cord injuries who do not sweat below the level of their injury face a disruption in their body’s thermoregulation system. Because sweating is a mechanism to dissipate excess heat, the inability to sweat disrupts homeostasis, specifically the dynamic equilibrium necessary for maintaining a stable internal environment. The correct description of this situation is that 'Dynamic equilibrium is disrupted.'
Homeostasis is generally maintained through a negative feedback loop involving a stimulus, sensor, control center, and effector. This system helps to regulate body temperature as well as blood glucose levels. When this feedback loop is disrupted due to a spinal cord injury, the body may not be able to effectively regulate its temperature, which can lead to overheating and potential health risks.
22. Why are nitrogenous bases so important?
Answer:A set of five nitrogenous bases is used in the construction of nucleotides, which in turn build up the nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. These bases are crucially important because the sequencing of them in DNA and RNA is the way information is stored.
Final answer:
Nitrogenous bases are essential because they form the genetic code in DNA and RNA, transmitting instructions for protein synthesis that govern the development and functioning of organisms.
Explanation:
Nitrogenous bases are crucial components of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. These organic molecules contain carbon and nitrogen and are classified as bases due to their ability to bind an extra hydrogen ion, which reduces the hydrogen ion concentration, making their environment more basic. There are four nitrogenous bases in DNA: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). In RNA, uracil (U) replaces thymine.
The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA is crucial because it dictates the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. These instructions are transmitted through the sequences of the bases, adopting a code that directs the synthesis of proteins, which in turn play a crucial role in cellular structure and function.
Which symbol in a chemical equation separates the reactants from the products?
11 T
AI +
Answer:
its B. the arrow
Explanation:
_______ are organisms that recycle nutrients from decaying organic material.
Answer:
Decomposers
Explanation:
Decomposers decompose organic material, effectively recycling it.
Skulls of Homo sapiens were found during an excavation. The skulls were preserved because the bodies were frozen. So, these fossils are ( 1 ) fossils.
( 1 ) A. Mineralized
B. Mold
C. Original-tissue
Answer:
Option (C)
Explanation:
In the frozen areas the temperature remains relatively cold which favors the preservation of the original hard and the solid parts of the organisms. The body becomes frozen due to the low temperature, as a result of which the tissues are not completely replaced by any type of secondary minerals.
In the given condition, the skull of Homo sapiens that are found to be preserved under the frozen rock bodies, are found to contain the majority of the original body parts, for which it can be considered as the original-tissue fossils.
Hence, the correct answer is option (C).
Answer:
Skulls of Homosapiens were found during an excavation. The skulls were preserved because the bodies were frozen. So, these fossils are original-tissue fossils. The image shows the evolution of skulls beginning 2 to 3 million years ago. Based on the image, modern human skulls show similarities to ape skulls.
Explanation:
just took it on plato/edementum and got it correct:-) i hope this helps!
2. Explain the strengths or skills that you have and how they contribute to either academic or personal
accomplishments.
Answer:
The strengths or skills that I have are "high self-esteem" and "optimism."
Explanation:
Self-esteem refers to the confidence in doing a particular task while optimism is all about being positive in any situation.
Firstly, having a high self-esteem made me reach my goals in life. For example in school, I would always showcase my abilities and skills in every subject, without worrying about my classmates' opinions, criticisms or comments. I was able to enter the best university because of my high self-esteem. I've always been confident about passing every examination with flying colors. Secondly, my optimistic personality gave me the courage to rise every time I fall or fail. It is natural to have failures in life and all you have to do is to get back on your feet, realize your mistakes and do better next time. Being optimistic gave me the strength to move on and focus on worthy issues.
Personally speaking, having a high-self-esteem and being optimistic nurtured my social relationships. They gave me confidence in dealing with people and guided me in responding to conflicts. I was also able to become a better version of myself.
Which of the following is NOT a known side-effect of alcohol on hormonal balance?
Greater than the effect of each drug added together
Equal to the effect of each drug added together
Less than the effect of each drug added together
Answer:
Less than the effect of each drug added together.
Explanation:
1)Most of the food we eat can be influenced by whom?
2)Food choices come from what?
Answer:
1) Hunger, savor, appetite. Three main biological reasons why we eat. Also, the economic ability to pay for the food. And the fisical capability to go and buy food, to cook.
2) Our physiological needs are the main reason why we choose food. People need energy to survive.
Everyone would like to have the possibility to eat what he wants. But food choices depend on the financial situation, social class, and preferences.
That is why poor people or people who have less money to spend on food, often eat food that can feed more people but it doesn’t have nutritional values. When people have money, they immediately have a wider spectrum of groceries that can choose from.
Explanation:
Savour is equal to enjoying. When people are not hungry they are happier. We choose what to eat depending on the look, taste, smell, texture. As sweets smell good, people consider them the most attractive food. Food is not just the source of nutrition, it is also the source of satisfaction.
Which would most likely result in low oxygen levels in the blood?
a) inheriting one sickle-cell allele
b) inheriting two sickle-cell alleles
c) inheriting one diabetes allele
d) inheriting two diabetes alleles
Answer:
yea it should be B
Explanation:
because the problems and or deformity in the blood cell prevents blood from carrying oxygen properly
When there is less oxygen levels in the blood so it should result in option b.
Sickle-cell alleles:
It should be found on a recessive allele with respect to the hemoglobin gene. The people who have one dominant and one recessive copy of the allele don;t sickle cell anemia. Also, due to the problems, the blood cell should prevented the blood from carrying out the oxygen properly.
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A scientist prepares to examine a slide of bacterial cells and another slide of animal cells
under a microscope. In which of the cells can she expect to observe lysosomes?
Group of answer choices
in the animal cells only
in the bacterial cells only
in both the bacterial and animal cells
. in neither the bacterial nor the animal cells
Answer:
The answer is C- Lysosomes are present in both bacterial and animal cells.
Explanation:
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes inside them, which when released break down damaged cell parts. These enzymes are acidic in nature and are separated from other organelles with the help of a membrane.
Lysosomes help in killing bacteria and virus invading the cell body. Lysosomes also take part in the process of cell death known as 'apoptosis'. This happens only when a certain cell is beyond repair.
Lysosomes are present in plant cells, animal cells, bacterial and yeast cells.
Answer:
Its in the animal cells only
Explanation:
just trust me we went over this in class but if you want an explanation:
The plant cell has a cell wall, chloroplasts, plastids, and a central vacuole—structures not found in animal cells. Plant cells do not have lysosomes or centrosomes.
what would happen if we remove a producer from a food web?
Answer:
The Consumer who ate the Producer would die out.
Explanation:
Answer:
Every living organism will die.
Explanation:
Plants are the only organisms that can make their own food. The removal of producers would cause the entire food web to collapse. Primary consumers (herbivores), which feast on producers directly, would die off. Including us humans, since we get our food from the earth's soil, in other words, from plants. Secondary consumers (carnivores) are the next to be affected: they are the ones that eat primary consumers. Superior consumers would suffer as organisms of lower trophic levels begin to die off. Decomposers would break down corpses of dead animals, returning their fundamental components and composites to the environment. Nevertheless, even these dead organisms would run out, and the entire food web would collapse.
What is the brown structure embedded in the cell membrane? What is the function of this brown structure?
in what process do cell obtain energy from sugar molecules
The process of respiration of ATP which is regenerated by ADP. In conclusion, it’s cellular respiration.
What is the process of production of proteinous enzymes?
LacZ, lacY, and lacA sequences are the structural genes, which needs to be expressed in order to produce their proteinous enzymes required for the breaking down of lactose sugar. The transcription of these three genes must occur with the aid of RNA polymerase binding to them.
A gene sequence called lacI encodes information for an repressor, which when expressed can inhibit the expression of the genes lacZ, lacY, and lacA. Hence, the transcription of the lacyl sequence can cause the cell to not express the lacZ, lacY, and lacA sequences.
Binding the RNA polymerase to the promoter sequence and Transcribing the regulatory gene as well as Translating the lacl sequence into protein by Unbinding the active repressor from the operator.
Therefore, In the example, no RNA is made during the process. Unbinding the active repressor from the operator would need to occur for lacz to be expressed in mRNA. Thus, option D is correct.
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You have a series of cells, all of which were derived from tumors, and you first need to find out
which ones are malignant. What could you do?
a. See which ones are not overproliferating.
b. Find out which ones have a higher rate of apoptosis.
c. Karyotype samples to look for unusual size and number of chromosomes.
d. Measure metastasis.
e. Time their cell cycles.
Answer:
The correct answer is option c. "Karyotype samples to look for unusual size and number of chromosomes".
Explanation:
The number and arrangement of chromosomes are two features that differentiate between a cancer cell that is malignant and a cancer cell that is non malignant. Fortunately, a basic karyotype experiment will be enough to spot a malignant cancer cell. In a karyotype, an unusual large size and an unusual number of chromosomes (aneuploidy) will be indicatives of the presence of malignant cancer cells.
Raju’s cousin has come to visit his city.He notices that the dustbins in Raju’s city are of two colors-blue and green.a.explain the reason to him.
Answer:
Different coloured dustbins are used in areas so that one waste type can be separated from another.
Mostly, a blue bin is used for materials which can be recycled. For instance, plastic which can be recycled can be placed in this bin. Papers, paints, can of drinks are to be thrown in the blue bins.
In the green bin, waste related to or produced from the living organisms has to be thrown. It is also known as wet waste. For example, tea, coffee, cotton, hair etc are to be thrown in the green bin.
if a strong odour smell continuously for sometime,the sensation of smell of that substance weaken...why?
Answer:
Diffusion
Explanation:
The definition of diffusion is that: The movement of particles and ions from the area of higher concentrated region to the area of lower concentrated region due to the result of their random movement . When the strong odour particles are in one place it becomes concentrated in that area. Therefore, according to this, the odour diffuses from the higher concentrated area to the lower concentrated area, causing the particles to bounce off and spreading in all directions which results to the sensation of smell of the strong odour weakening.
Answer:
Olfactory fatigue/adaptation-after being exposed to a particular smell for a prolonged time, the smell sense diminishes. This temporary and normal
Explanation:
This adaptation is important as it prevents our nervous system from information overload
Which system is responsible for providing structure and support?
Answer:
it's the skeletal system
Explanation:
Answer:
Your skeletal system
Explanation:
Your bone are in this system and they help you stay upright.
Each is a mini-ecosystems and a representation of much larger ecosystems found on earth. Describe in detail including plant life and animal life what ecosystem each of these represents.
Answer:
Each is a mini-ecosystems and a representation of much larger ecosystems found on earth. The mini ecosystem is the terrarium
Explanation:
A terrarium is the accumulation of small plants that are being grown in the transparent, or sealed container. It is a closed environment type and are mostly used to know how the ecosystem works within itself. Inside that small container, we can observe various natural processes like photosynthesis, respiration, as well as water cycle. Some small plants cannot adapt well in the home environment, so they can be grown in the terrarium. If they are properly planted and taken care of they can grow with minimum care. By this we can grow indoor plants with less care.
Answer; They all need water and then they will grow.
Explanation: They can be one of the largest and still have a lot of animals in it and the smallest can have a lot and a little depends.
Why is it important for the chromosomes to condense during mitosis?
Question 2 options:
to facilitate DNA replication
to facilitate chromosome movement
to facilitate cytokinesis
to facilitate spindle formation
Answer:
It is important for the chromosomes to condense during mitosis to facilitate chromosome movement.
Explanation:
The chemical called colchicine is found to be used during the process of mitosis, so as to freeze the cells, which can stop or prevent the movement of the chromosomes. This process is also essential for the faithful genome replication or transmission to those daughter cells. During the interphase cell division occurs but during the prophase the cell condensation is found to be happening. Before the process of the mitosis chromosomes are allowed to move and during this entangled and breaking were also noticed.
explain the Three position of Meristematic tissues
There are three types of meristems on the basis of position, i.e
Apical meristem.Lateral meristem.Intercalary meristem.Explanation:A meristem is the tissue present in most plants containing undifferentiated cells, found in zones of the plant where growth can take place. Generally differentiated cells(the cells other than meristems) do not divide and produce of a different type of cells.
Meristems are classified on the basis of their location in the plant:
Apical meristem - these are the meristems located at root and shoot tips of the plant. Lateral meristem - these are the meristems located in the vascular and cork cambia in plants. Intercalary meristems - these are the meristems located at internodes, or stem regions between the places at which leaves attach, and leaf bases.Result: There are 3 types of meristems.
Consider the stage of cellular respiration that is shown in the diagram. A diagram shows the conversion of a glucose molecule to 2 pyruvic acid molecules. In this process, 2 A T P form 2 A D P, 2 N A D produce 2 N A D H, and 4 A D P produce 4 A T P. What is the net ATP production at this stage of cellular respiration? 2 ATP 4 ATP 32 ATP 36 ATP
Answer:
2 ATP
Explanation:
Although we don't have the diagram, the stage of cellular respiration in which a glucose molecule is converted into 2 pyruvic acid molecules is glycolysis. A diagram showing the process is attached.
Have look at the ATPs involved in the reaction. You can see in the first stage there are 2 ATPs required to begin the reaction (the arrow points inwards). Then, in the second stage, in the conversion the 2 x 3C sugar phosphates, there are 2 ATPs released each.
So we have made 4 ATP, but we had to use 2 ATP, that means the net ATP production is 2 ATP (and the gross ATP production would be 4).
Answer:
the answer is 2 ATP on edg 2020
Explanation: