Calculate the centripetal force on the end of a 100 m (radius) massless cable that is rotating at 0.5 rev/s. Assume the mass on the end of the cable is 4 kg.

Answer:

V = 2.8cm/s

Explanation:

Please see attachment below.

This problem involves the concept of doppler effect.

Answer:

The speed at which the blood is flowing in cm/s = 1.4 cm/s

Explanation:

emitted frequency ( f ) = 1.1 * 10^6 Hz

detected frequency ( F ) = 21 Hz

speed of sound in tissues ( c ) = 1475 m/s

speed ( V ) = ?

To calculate for speed of blood flowing we apply the detected frequency formula :

F = [tex]\frac{2fV}{c}[/tex]

21 = ( 2* 1100000* V ) / 1475

therefore V = (21 * 1475) / (2 * 1100000)

                V = 30975 / 2200000

                 V = 0.0140 m/s = 1.4 cm/sec

Answer:

The proposal is bad and has many mistakes in itself.

Explanation:

-Telescopes are preferably to be placed far from cities, ideally a remote place on a mountain or raised land. It should not be erected at sea level.

-It should not be erected at sea level. High humidity present at sea level clouds observations made as infrared observations are not possible at sea level.

-Dome should not be heated at all. Strong air currents are generated during heating which inturn ruins observations. Also, a heated dome will emit infrared radiation which ultimately swamps astronomical signals.

Final answer:

Coastal location and heated dome are unsuitable for infrared telescope due to atmospheric interference, light pollution, and dome-related issues. Consider remote location, dry climate, and remote operation for optimal observations. Consult experts and consider environmental impact.

Explanation:

Criticisms of Building an Infrared Telescope Near the Ocean in a Heated Dome:

While the intention might seem well-meaning, building an infrared telescope near the ocean in a heated dome has several drawbacks:

Unsuitable Location:

Atmospheric interference: Coastal areas have higher humidity and turbulent air, which negatively affects infrared observations due to water vapor absorption and image distortion.

Light pollution: City lights and nearby human activity create significant light pollution, impacting observations of faint infrared sources.

Dome Issues:

Cost: Building and maintaining a heated dome adds significant expense compared to an open-air observatory.

Heat distortion: Heating the dome creates air currents that can distort telescope observations.

Ventilation challenges: Maintaining controlled airflow and humidity within the dome can be complex and costly.

Alternatives:

Remote location: Building the telescope at a high-altitude, dry site with minimal light pollution would be more suitable for infrared observations.

Remote access and automation: Modern telescopes can be operated remotely, eliminating the need for astronomers to be physically present during observations.

Additional considerations:

Expertise: Consult with professional astronomers for advice on telescope placement and operation.

Environmental impact: Consider the potential ecological impact of the telescope and dome on the coastal environment.

Overall, while the concern for astronomer comfort is understandable, a coastal location with a heated dome is not optimal for an infrared telescope. Exploring alternative locations and remote operation technologies would be more effective and cost-effective for achieving high-quality scientific observations.

Answer:

e. 1.2 x 10²³

Explanation:

According to the problem, The current equation is given by:

[tex]I(t)=0.88e^{-t/6\times3600s}[/tex]

Here time is in seconds.

Consider at t=0 s the current starts to flow due to battery and the current stops when the time t tends to infinite.

The relation between current and number of charge carriers is:

[tex]q=\int\limits {I} \, dt[/tex]

Here the limits of integration is from 0 to infinite. So,

[tex]q=\int\limits {0.88e^{-t/6\times3600s}}\, dt[/tex]

[tex]q=0.88\times(-6\times3600)(0-1)[/tex]

q = 1.90 x 10⁴ C

Consider N be the total number of charge carriers. So,

q = N e

Here e is electronic charge and its value is 1.69 x 10⁻¹⁹ C.

N = q/e

Substitute the suitable values in the above equation.

[tex]N= \frac{1.9\times10^{4} }{1.69\times10^{-19}}[/tex]

N = 1.2 x 10²³

Explanation:

Below is an attachment containing the solution.

When the beads reach the ends of the rod, the angular speed of the system is approximately 5.76 rad/s.

To find the angular speed of the system at the instant the beads reach the ends of the rod, we can use the principle of conservation of angular momentum. Initially, the angular momentum of the system is given by Li = Irodωi + 2(Ibead)ωi, where Irod is the moment of inertia of the rod about its center, Ibead is the moment of inertia of each bead about the center, and ωi is the initial angular speed of the system. When the beads reach the ends of the rod, the moment of inertia of the system changes, but the angular momentum remains constant. So, we have Li = Irodωf + 2(Ibead)ωf, where ωf is the final angular speed of the system. We can rearrange this equation to solve for ωf. Given the values of Irod, Ibead, and ωi, we can substitute them into the equation to find ωf.

Using the given values: mass of the rod = 190 g = 0.19 kg, length of the rod = 43 cm = 0.43 m, mass of each bead = 38 g = 0.038 kg, distance of the beads from the center = 10 cm = 0.1 m, and initial angular speed = 12 rad/s, we can calculate the moments of inertia as follows:

Irod = (1/12)mrodLrod2 = (1/12)(0.19)(0.43)2 = 0.002196 kg.m2

Ibead = mbeadR2 = (0.038)(0.1)2 = 0.000038 kg.m2

Now, substituting the values into the equation Li = Irodωi + 2(Ibead)ωi, we have (0.002196)(12) + 2(0.000038)(12) = (0.002196 + 2(0.000038))ωf. Solving for ωf, we get ωf ≈ 5.76 rad/s.

Answer: The proton speed = 3 × 10^5m/s

Explanation: The electric P.E change the proton if It can reach the positive plate.

The workdone

I have attached an image of the diagram showing the nature of this motion

Answer:

Protons speed = 2.96 x 10^(5) m/s

Explanation:

A) At closest point of approach to the positive plate, the proton came to rest momentarily.

Thus;

Loss in Kinetic Energy = Gain in Electric potential energy

Hence;

(1/2)(mv^(2)) = eΔV

So, ΔV = (mv^(2))/(2e)

Mass of proton = 1.673 × 10-27 kilograms

Proton elementary charge(e) = 1.6 x 10^(-19) coulumbs

And from the question v = 200,000 m/s

So, ΔV = [1.673 × 10^(-27) x 200000^(2)] / (2 x 1.6 x 10^(-19)) = 209 V

This is less than 250V which is half of the charge at the positive plate shown in the diagram.

Therefore, the speed is insufficient to reach the positive plate from P to Q.

B) Gain in KE = qΔV

Thus; 1/2mvf^(2) - 1/2mvi^(2) = eΔV

Where, vf is final velocity and vi is initial velocity.

So simplifying, we get;

vf^(2) - vi^(2) = (2eΔV)/m

So, vf = √[(2eΔV)/m) + (vi^(2))

= √[(2 x 1.6 x 10^(-19) x 250)/(1.673 × 10^(-27)) + (200,000^(2))

= 2.96 x 10^(5) m/s

Answer:

V = –0.89m/s

Explanation:

Please see attachments below.

Answer:

0.308 m/s2 at an angle of 13.5° below the horizontal

Explanation:

The parallel acceleration to the roadway is the tangential acceleration on the rise.

The normal acceleration is the centripetal acceleration due to the arc. This is given by

[tex]a_N = \dfrac{v^2}{r} = \dfrac{36^2}{500}=0.072[/tex]

The tangential acceleration, from the question, is

[tex]a_T = 0.300[/tex]

The magnitude of the total acceleration is the resultant of the two accelerations. Because these are perpendicular to each other, the resultant is given by

[tex]a^2 =a_T^2 + a_N^2 = 0.300^2 + 0.072^2[/tex]

[tex]a = 0.308[/tex]

The angle the resultant makes with the horizontal is given by

[tex]\tan\theta=\dfrac{a_N}{a_T}=\dfrac{0.072}{0.300}=0.2400[/tex]

[tex]\theta=13.5[/tex]

Note that this angle is measured from the horizontal downwards because the centripetal acceleration is directed towards the centre of the arc

Answer:

Explanation:.

Given that

First car velocity is 2m/s

Second car velocity is 9m/s.

At a certain time the first car is 8m from intersection

And at the same time second car is 6m from intersection.

The rate of change of distance, i.e dx/dt, which is the speed of the car.

Using Pythagoras theorem, their distance apart is given as

Z²=X²+Y²

Z²=6²+8²

Z²=36+64

Z²=100

Z=√100

Z=10m

Let assume the direction,

Let assume the first car is moving in positive x direction, then

dx/dt=2m/s

And also second car will be moving in negative y direction

dy/dt=-9m/s

Now, to know dz/dt, let use the Pythagoras formulae above

x²+y²=z²

differentiate with respect to t

2dx/dt+2dy/dt=2dz/dt

Divide through by 2

dz/dt=dx/dt+dy/dt

dz/dt=2-9

dz/dt=-7m/s

The rate of change of distance between the two body is -7m/s

Option B is correct

Answer:

Rate of change of the distance between the cars = -7 m/s

Explanation:

Let the distance between the first car and the intersection be p = 8 meters

Let the distance between the second car and the intersection be q = 6 meters

velocity of the first car, dp/dt = -2 m/s

velocity of the second car, dq/dt = -9 m/s

We can get the distance between the two cars using pythagora's theorem

s² = p² + q²...................................(1)

s² = 8² + 6²

s = √(8² + 6²)

s = 10 m

Differentiating equation (1) through with respect to t

2s ds/dt = 2p dp/dt + 2q dq/dt

(2*10*ds/dt) = (2*8*(-2)) + (2*6*(-9))

20 ds/dt = -32 - 108

20 ds/dt = -140

ds/dt = -140/20

ds/dt = -7 m/s

Answer:

Change in momentum =15.01kgm/s

Impulse applied by bat = 15.01Ns

Explanation:

Please see attachment below.

Answer:

14.3kg

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Quantity of heat = 149000J

Change in temperature = 5.23°C

specific heat of the ice = 2000J/kg°C

Unknown:

Mass of the ice in the bag = ?

Solution:

The heat capacity of a substance is given as:

            H = m c Ф

H is the heat capacity

m is the mass

c is the specific heat

Ф is the temperature change;

  since m is the unknown, we make it the subject of the expression;

                    m = H/ mФ

                  m = [tex]\frac{149000}{2000 x 5.23}[/tex]  = 14.3kg

Answer: 14.2447

Explanation:

Answer:

  V_inside = 36 V

Explanation:

Given  

We are given a sphere with a positive charge q with radius R = 0.400 m Also, the potential due to this charge at distance r = 1.20 m is V = 24.0 V.  

Required

We are asked to calculate the potential at the centre of the sphere  

Solution

The potential energy due to the sphere is given by equation

V = (1/4*π*∈o) × (q/r)                                          (1)

Where r is the distance where the potential is measured, it may be inside the sphere or outside the sphere. As shown by equation (1) the potential inversely proportional to the distance V  

V ∝ 1/r

The potential at the centre of the sphere depends on the radius R where the potential is the same for the entire sphere. As the charge q is the same and the term (1/4*π*∈o) is constant we could express a relation between the states , e inside the sphere and outside the sphere as next

V_1/V_2=r_2/r_1

V_inside/V_outside = r/R

V_inside = (r/R)*V_outside                               (2)

Now we can plug our values for r, R and V_outside into equation (2) to get  V_inside

V_inside = (1.2 m )/(0.600)*18

               = 36 V

  V_inside = 36 V

Answer:

36 V

Explanation:

The solid conducting sphere is a positive charge

and has radius R₁ = 0.6m

at a point R₂ = 1.20 m, the electric potential V = 18.0 V

V, electric potential = K q/R where k  = 1/4 πε₀

V is inversely proportional to R

V₁ = electric potential at the center

V₂ = electric potential at 1.2 m

then

V₁ /V₂ = R₂ / R₁

V₁ = V₂ ( R₂ / R₁) = 18.0 V ( 1.2 / 0.6 ) = 36 V

Answer:

5.51 m

Explanation:

From the question,

The energy used to stretch the spring = the potential energy of the rock.

(1/2)ke²  = mgh ................. Equation 1

Where k = spring constant, e = extension/compression, m = mass of the rock, g = acceleration due to gravity, h = height of the rock above the ground

make h the subject of the equation.

h = ke²/2mg ....................equation 2

Given: k = 5400 N/m, e = 1 m, m = 48 kg.

Constant: g = 9.8 m/s²

Substitute into equation 2

h = 5400(1²)/(2×48×9.8)

h = 5400/940.8

h = 5.51 m.

Hence the height of the rock = 5.51 m

Final answer:

The magnitude of the force exerted on the right cube by the middle cube, when three identical cubes accelerate together on a frictionless surface, is calculated using Newton's second law (F = ma) and is found to be 16.0 Newtons.

Explanation:

The student's question pertains to Newton's second law of motion and the concept of force and acceleration. The problem involves three identical cubes on a frictionless surface accelerating due to a force applied to the first cube. To find the magnitude of the force exerted on the right cube by the middle cube, we use the formula F = ma, where F is the force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration.

Since the cubes are identical and accelerate together, each 4.0-kg cube has an acceleration of 4.0 m/s². Therefore, the force exerted by one cube on another can be found by multiplying one cube's mass by the given acceleration:

The force exerted on the right cube by the middle cube is 16.0 Newtons.

Explanation:

Given that,

Number of sodium ions at the negative electrode, [tex]Na^+=2.68\times 10^{16}[/tex]

Number of chloride ions at the positive electrode, [tex]Cl^-=3.92\times 10^{16}[/tex]

(a) The current flowing in the circuit is due to the positive as well as negative charges such that total charge becomes:

[tex]Q=(Na^++Cl^-)e[/tex]

[tex]Q=(2.68\times 10^{16}+3.92\times 10^{16})(1.6\times 10^{-19})[/tex]

Q = 0.01056 C

The current is given by :

[tex]I=\dfrac{Q}{t}[/tex]

[tex]I=\dfrac{0.01056}{1}=10.56\ mA[/tex]

So, the current passing between the electrodes is 10.56 mA.

(b) The direction of electric current is towards negative electrodes.

Explanation:

(a)   First, we will calculate the charge of sodium ions as follows.

              q = ne

                  = [tex]2.68 \times 10^{16} \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19} C[/tex]

                  = [tex]4.288 \times 10^{-3} C[/tex]

Now, charge of chlorine ions is calculated as follows.

            q' = ne

                = [tex]3.92 \times 10^{16} \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19} C[/tex]

                = [tex]6.272 \times 10^{-3} C[/tex]

Hence, the current will be calculated as follows.

             i = [tex]\frac{q}{t} + \frac{q'}{t}[/tex]

               = [tex]\frac{4.288 \times 10^{-3} C}{1.00} + \frac{6.272 \times 10^{-3} C}{1.00}[/tex]

               = [tex]10.56 \times 10^{-3} A[/tex]

               = 10.56 mA

Therefore, current passing between the electrodes is 10.56 mA.

(b)   Since, positive ions are moving towards the negative electrode. And, current is the flow of ions or electrons therefore, the direction of current is towards the negative electrode.

Final answer:

The magnitude of the magnetic force on a wire can be calculated using the formula F = B * I * L. In this case, the magnetic field created by the two outer wires can be calculated using Ampere's Law. Plugging in the values will give you the magnitude of the magnetic force on the wire.

Explanation:

The magnitude of the magnetic force on a wire can be calculated using the formula:

F = B * I * L

Where F is the magnetic force, B is the magnetic field, I is the current, and L is the length of the wire.

In this case, the magnetic field created by the two outer wires can be calculated using Ampere's Law:

B = (μ0 * I) / (2π * r)

Where μ0 is the permeability of free space, I is the current, and r is the distance from the wire.

Plugging in the values, the magnetic force per meter on either of the outer wires is:

F = (2 * 10-7 Tm/A * 20 A * 0.5 m) / (2π * 0.04 m)

Calculating this will give you the magnitude of the magnetic force on the wire.

The fundamental frequency of a string fixed at both ends is f₁ = c/2L, where 'c' is calculated from the tension and linear mass density of the string. Using the given tension and density, one can find the wave speed 'c' first, then substitute into the formula to get the fundamental frequency.

To calculate the fundamental frequency of a string fixed at both ends, you can use the formula for the fundamental frequency of a string, which is given by f1 = c/2L, where f1 is the fundamental frequency, c is the speed of the wave on the string, and L is the length of the string.

To find the speed of the wave on the string, we use the formula c = \/(T/μ), where c is the speed of the wave, T is the tension in the string, and μ is the linear mass density of the string. Substituting the given values, c = \/(357 N / (0.02 g/cm * 100 cm/m)) = \/(357 / 0.0002 kg/m), we can calculate c and then use the result to find f1.

Answer:

Acceleration=[tex]4.9 /s^2[/tex]

Tension=29.4 N

Explanation:

We are given that

[tex]m_1=6 kg[/tex]

[tex]m_2=2 kg[/tex]

We have to find the magnitude of the acceleration of the two objects and the tension in the cord.

Tension, [tex]T=m_1(a+g)[/tex]

[tex]m_2g-T=m_2a[/tex]

Substitute the values

[tex]m_2g-m_1(a+g)=m_2a[/tex]

[tex]m_2g-m_1a-m_1g=m_2a[/tex]

[tex]g(m_2-m_1)=m_2a+m_1a=a(m_1+m_2)[/tex]

[tex]a=\frac{(m_2-m_1)g}{m_1+m_2}[/tex]

Substitute the values

[tex]a=\frac{(2-6)\times 9.8}{2+6}=-4.9m/s^2[/tex]

Where [tex]g=9.8m/s^2[/tex]

Hence, the magnitude of the acceleration of the two objects =[tex]4.9 m/s^2[/tex]

Substitute the values of a

[tex]T=m_1(a+g)=6(-4.9+9.8)=29.4 N[/tex]

Answer:

I₁ = 0.32 A

I₂ = 0.16 A

I₃ = 0.16 A

I₄ = 0.16 A

Explanation:

Part A

The equivalent resistance of the circuit is

Req = R₁ + (R₂||(R₃ + R₄))

Req = 15 + (45||(20 + 25))

Req = 15 + (45||45) = 15 + ((45×45)/(45+45)) = 15 + 22.5 = 37.5 Ω

Part B

From Ohm's law,

V = IR

Ieq = V/(Req) = 12/(37.5) = 0.32 A

Part C

Current through R₁ is the same as Ieq as R₁ is directly in series with the voltage source.

I₁ = 0.32 A

Then, this current flows through the (R₂||(R₃ + R₄)) loop too as the entire loop is in series with R₁

This current is them split into two branches of R₂ and (R₃ + R₄), since these two branches have equal resistances (45 Ω and 45 Ω), 0.32 A is split equally between the R₂ and (R₃ + R₄) branch.

Current through R₂ (using current divider)

I₂ = (45/90) × 0.32 = 0.16 A

Current through (R₃ + R₄) = 0.16 A too.

And because the two resistors are in series, the same current flows through them.

I₃ = I₄ = 0.16 A

First, we resolve the parallel circuits using the formula for resistors in parallel to get the equivalent resistance, Rp. We then substitute this into the series circuits to get the total equivalent resistance, Req. Using Ohm's Law, we can calculate the equivalent current, Ieq.

To solve this, we first need to determine the equivalent resistance of the whole circuit. As it is a combination of parallel and series circuits, we have to start by replacing the resistors in parallel. Using the formula for resistors in parallel, 1/R = 1/R2 + 1/R3, the parallel combination of R2 and R3 can be replaced by one resistor with resistance Rp = 1/ ((1/R2) + (1/R3)). This gives Rp = 13.333Ω. Now we have a simple series circuit with R1, Rp, and R4. The equivalent resistance of the whole circuit is then Req = R1 + Rp + R4 = 15.0Ω + 13.333Ω + 25.0Ω = 53.333Ω.

In part B, we apply Ohm's Law: I = E/R to get the equivalent current through the circuit. Using our values for E (12V) and Req (53.333Ω), we find Ieq = 0.225A.

https://brainly.com/question/14993917

#SPJ11

Answer with Explanation:

We are given that

Mass of block=m=4.9 kg

Initial velocity, u=0

[tex]F=(2.6-x^2) i N[/tex]

Initial position, x=0

a.We have to find the kinetic energy of the blocks as it passes through x=2.1 m

Work done=Kinetic energy=[tex]\int_{0}^{2.1}(2.6-x^2) dx[/tex]

Kinetic energy of the block=[tex][2.6 x-\frac{x^3}{3}]^{2.1}_{0}[/tex]

Kinetic energy of the block=[tex]2.6\times 2.1-\frac{(2.1)^3}{3}-0=2.373 J[/tex]

Kinetic energy of the block=2.373 J

b.Initial kinetic energy of block=[tex]K_i=\frac{1}{2}(4.9)(0)=0[/tex]

According to work energy theorem

[tex]W=K_f-K_i[/tex]

[tex]2.373 =k_f-0[/tex]

[tex]k_f=2.373 J[/tex]

Hence, the maximum kinetic energy of the block =2.373 J

Answer:

0.0800 is time constant for slope.

Explanation:

See attached pictures for explanation.

To find the time constant from the slope, use the formula RC = -1/slope, where R is the resistance and C is the capacitance. Calculate the slope by taking the ratio of voltage change to time change between two data points.

To determine the time constant from the slope, we can use the formula:

RC = -1/slope

where R is the resistance in the circuit and C is the capacitance of the capacitor.

In this case, since we are only given the voltage and time data, we need to find the slope by taking the ratio of the change in voltage to the change in time between any two points.

Let's take the first and second data points:

Slope = (V2 - V1) / (t2 - t1)

          = (3.0000 V - 1.4790 V) / (0.036894 s - 0.015843 s)

Now, calculate the slope:

Slope = (1.5210 V) / (0.021051 s)

Slope ≈ 72.27 V/s

Once we have the slope, we can plug it into the formula RC = -1/slope to find the time constant:

RC = -1 / (72.27 V/s)

Calculate RC:

RC ≈ -0.0138 s/V

So, the time constant (τ) is approximately 0.0138 seconds per volt (s/V). This value represents the product of resistance and capacitance in the circuit.

https://brainly.com/question/34087350

#SPJ3

Answer:

Explanation:

The magnetic field is in north south direction . In order to cut lines of forces to the maximum extent  , car has to move in east- west direction ie towards east or towards west to produce maximum emf.

emf produced = B L V

where B is horizontal component of earth magnetic field

L is length of rod

v is velocity of car carrying antenna rod .

The car should be moving east or west to produce the maximum emf induced in the antenna.

When a car drives through the Earth's magnetic field, the maximum emf induced in its vertical radio antenna occurs when the car is moving in a direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. In this case, the Earth's magnetic field points north with a dip angle of 38°. To produce the maximum emf, the car should be moving east or west.

https://brainly.com/question/31516286

#SPJ3

Final answer:

The diameter of the circular contact area is 30 mm and the maximum pressure at the center of the contact area is approximately 0.14 N/mm^2.

Explanation:

To calculate the diameter of the circular contact area, we need to determine the radius of the contact area first. The radius can be found by dividing the diameter of the ball by 2. In this case, the radius is 15 mm.

The area of the circular contact area can be calculated using the formula A = πr^2, where A is the area and r is the radius. The maximum pressure at the center of the contact area can be found by dividing the force applied on the plate by the area of the contact area.

Using these formulas, the diameter of the circular contact area is 30 mm and the maximum pressure at the center of the contact area is approximately 0.14 N/mm^2.

Answer:

[tex]\lambda=3.056\times10^{-11}m[/tex]

Explanation:

The equation that involves frequency (f) and wavelength ([tex]\lambda[/tex]) of a wave is [tex]v=\lambda f[/tex], where v is the speed of the wave. X-rays are a type of electromagnetic wave, so in vacuum it moves at the speed of light c, which means that our wavelength will be:

[tex]\lambda=\frac{c}{f}=\frac{299792458m/s}{9.81\times10^{18}Hz}=3.056\times10^{-11}m[/tex]

To calculate the wavelength of an X-ray with a frequency of 9.81 x 1018 Hz, we substitute the given frequency into the formula λ = c/f. The wavelength of these X-rays is approximately 3.06 x 10-11 meters.

In Physics, we can find the wavelength of an X-ray given its frequency using the formula: λ=c/f, where 'λ' is the wavelength, 'c' is the speed of light (approximately 3.0 x 108 m/s in a vacuum), and 'f' is the frequency. Here, the frequency of the X-rays is given as 9.81 x 1018 Hz.

Substituting the values into the formula, we have: λ = (3.0 x 108) / (9.81 x 1018) = ~3.06 x 10-11 meters. The result indicates that the wavelength of these X-rays is incredibly small, which is consistent with our understanding of X-rays as high energy radiation with very short wavelengths and high frequencies.

https://brainly.com/question/3781867

#SPJ11

Answer:

A) Always Spontaneous.

B) Spontaneous at lower temperatures.

C) Spontaneous at higher temperatures.

D) Never Spontaneous.

Explanation:

The change in Gibb's free energy for a process, ΔG, is given by

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

where ΔH is the change in enthalpy for the process

T = absolute temperature in Kelvin of the process

ΔS = change in enthalpy of the process.

And for a process to be spontaneous, its change in Gibb's free energy must be negative.

If it is positive, then the reaction isn't spontaneous.

So, we consider the conditions given one by one.

A) The enthalpy change is negative and the entropy change is positive.

ΔH = -ve, ΔS = +ve

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS = (negative number) - T(positive number) = (negative number - negative number) = negative number (since T isn't negative for these processes.)

Hence, the process with these conditions is always spontaneous.

B) The enthalpy change is negative and the entropy change is negative.

ΔH = negative, ΔS = negative

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

For this relation, ΔG can only be positive if the numerical value of the ΔH (without the sign) is greater than TΔS.

This will happen mostly at low temperatures as low T, helps to reduce the numerical value of TΔS, thereby making ΔH (without the negative sign) the bigger number and subsequently makethe overall expression negative and the process, spontaneous.

C) The enthalpy change is positive and the entropy change is positive.

ΔH = positive, ΔS = positive.

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

For this to be spontaneous,

TΔS > ΔH

And the one thing that favours this is high temperatures for the process.

At high temperatures, TΔS gives a much larger number which would drive the overall expression towards the negative sign, thereby making the process spontaneous.

D) The enthalpy change is positive and the entropy change is negative.

ΔH = positive, ΔS = negative.

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

The signs on these state functions mean that the change in Gibb's free energy will always be positive for this set of conditions (since the temperature can't go as low as being negative).

A process with these conditions, is never spontaneous.

The net electrostatic force on particle 3 due to the other two particles depends on the charges of these particles. When Q2 = 80.0 nC, the forces from the other two particles cancel out and when Q2 = -80.0 nC, the forces add up.

The electrostatic force on a charge due to other charges can be determined using Coulomb’s law. For the setup in the question, the deletion force on particle 3 because of particles 1 and 2 can be obtained by vectorially adding the forces it experiences due to each of these particles separately. When Q2 = -80.0 nC, the forces that particle 3 experiences due to particle 1 and particle 2 are in the same direction this time, therefore they add up to give the net force on particle 3. We can determine the exact value by substituting the given values in the equation for Coulomb's Law.

https://brainly.com/question/33523926

#SPJ3

Answer:

(a) strikes the plane at the same time as the other body

Explanation:

Two bodies are falling with negligible air resistance, side by side, above a horizontal plane near Earth's surface. If one of the bodies is given an additional horizontal acceleration during its descent, it strikes the plane at the same time as the other body

Answer:

a) 138 ft

b) 4.62 s

c) 1.375 s

d) 168.25 ft

Explanation:

The height of a rock (thrown from the top of a bridge) above the level of water surface as it varies with time when thrown is given in the question as

h = f(t) = -16t² + 44t + 138

with t in seconds, and h in feet

a) The bridge's height above the water.

At t=0 s, the rock is at the level of the Bridge's height.

At t = 0,

h = 0 + 0 + 138 = 138 ft

b) How many seconds after being thrown does the rock hit the water?

The rock hits the water surface when h = 0 ft. Solving,

h = f(t) = -16t² + 44t + 138 = 0

-16t² + 44t + 138 = 0

Solving this quadratic equation,

t = 4.62 s or t = -1.87 s

Since time cannot be negative,

t = 4.62 s

c) How many seconds after being thrown does the rock reach its maximum height above the water?

At maximum height or at the maximum of any function, the derivative of that function with respect to the independent variable is equal to 0.

At maximum height,

(dh/dt) = f'(t) = (df/dt) = 0

h = f(t) = -16t² + 44t + 138

(dh/dt) = (df/dt) = -32t + 44 = 0

32t = 44

t = (44/32)

t = 1.375 s

d) What is the rock's maximum height above the water?

The maximum height occurs at t = 1.375 s,

Substituting this for t in the height equation,

h = f(t) = -16t² + 44t + 138

At t = 1.375 s, h = maximum height = H

H = f(1.375) = -16(1.375²) + 44(1.375) + 138

H = 168.25 ft

Hope this Helps!!!

Answer: 9.59° and 350.41°

Explanation: The formulae that relates the force F exerted on a moving charge q with velocity v in a magnetic field of strength B is given as

F =qvB sin x

Where x is the angle between the strength of magnetic field and velocity of the charge.

q = 1.609×10^-19 C

v = 4×10³ m/s

B = 1.25 T

F = 1.40×10^-16 N

By substituting the parameters, we have that

1.40×10^-16 = 1.609×10^-19 × 4×10³ × 1.25 × sinx

sin x = 1.40×10^-16/ 1.609×10^-19 × 4×10³ × 1.25

sin x = 1.40×10^-16 /8.045*10^(-16)

sin x = 0.1666

x = 9.59°

The value of sin x is positive in first and fourth quadrant.

Hence to get the second value of x, we move to the 4th quadrant of the trigonometric quadrant which is 360 - x

Hence = 360 - 9.59 = 350.41°

Final answer:

The angle between the velocity of the electron and the magnetic field is approximately 6.27° or 173.73°.

Explanation:

To find the angle between the velocity of the electron and the magnetic field, we can use the formula:

F = q(vsinθ)B

Where F is the magnetic force, q is the charge of the electron, v is the velocity of the electron, θ is the angle between the velocity and the magnetic field, and B is the magnetic field strength.

In this case, the magnetic force is given as 1.40 × 10^-16 N, the charge of an electron is 1.6 × 10^-19 C, the velocity of the electron is 4.00 × 10³ m/s, and the magnetic field strength is 1.25 T.

Plugging in these values, we can solve for θ:

1.40 × 10^-16 N = (1.6 × 10^-19 C)(4.00 × 10³ m/s)(sinθ)(1.25 T)

Solving for sinθ:

sinθ = (1.40 × 10^-16 N) / [(1.6 × 10^-19 C)(4.00 × 10³ m/s)(1.25 T)]

sinθ ≈ 0.109

Taking the inverse sine of 0.109, we find that θ ≈ 6.27° or θ ≈ 173.73°.

Answer:

Number of turns on the secondary coil of the adapter transformer is 10.

Explanation:

For a transformer,

    [tex]\frac{V_{s} }{V_{p} } = \frac{N_{s} }{N_{p} }[/tex]

where [tex]V_{s}[/tex] is the voltage induced in the secondary coil

           [tex]V_{p}[/tex] is the voltage in the primary coil

          [tex]N_{s}[/tex] is the number of turns of secondary coil

         [tex]N_{p}[/tex] is the number of turns of primary coil

From the given question,

    [tex]\frac{487*10^{-3} }{120}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{N_{s} }{2464}[/tex]

⇒    [tex]N_{s}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{2462*487*10^{-3} }{120}[/tex]

            = 9.999733

  ∴   [tex]N_{s}[/tex] = 10 turns

Answer:

607,145 turns

Explanation:

Output voltage, that is secondary voltage,Es = 120 volts

Input voltage, that is primary voltage, Ep = 487/1000 = 0.487 volts

Number of turns in secondary = Ns

Number of turns in primary, Np = 2464

∴ Es/Ep = Ns/Np

Ns = Es * Np/Ep = 1`20 X 2464/0.487 =  607,145 turns ( Step up transformer)